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Anseendeskyddsintrång? - De rättsliga förutsättningarna och svenska domstolars tillämpning av EU-rätten

Hall, Tilda LU (2018) JURM02 20182
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Varumärkesintrång har traditionellt sett varit begränsat till situationer då risk för förväxling mellan två motstående märken föreligger. I detta avseende har varumärkesrätten främst varit ägnat åt att skydda konsumenter. Anseendeskyddet utmärker sig i avseendet att skyddssubjektet främst är varumärkesinnehavaren och det inneboende värde som återfinns i kända varumärkens särskiljningsförmåga eller anseende.

Detta arbete utreder vad som krävs enligt gällande rätt för att en varumärkesinnehavare ska kunna hävda intrång i varumärkets anseendeskydd. Vidare undersöks huruvida svenska domstolar har tolkat gällande rätt EU-konformt eller om det går att finna diskrepanser i deras tillämpning av anseendeskyddet. En annan fråga som utreds är... (More)
Varumärkesintrång har traditionellt sett varit begränsat till situationer då risk för förväxling mellan två motstående märken föreligger. I detta avseende har varumärkesrätten främst varit ägnat åt att skydda konsumenter. Anseendeskyddet utmärker sig i avseendet att skyddssubjektet främst är varumärkesinnehavaren och det inneboende värde som återfinns i kända varumärkens särskiljningsförmåga eller anseende.

Detta arbete utreder vad som krävs enligt gällande rätt för att en varumärkesinnehavare ska kunna hävda intrång i varumärkets anseendeskydd. Vidare undersöks huruvida svenska domstolar har tolkat gällande rätt EU-konformt eller om det går att finna diskrepanser i deras tillämpning av anseendeskyddet. En annan fråga som utreds är huruvida det finns behov av klargöranden gällande anseendeskyddet.

Arbetet visar att svensk rätt i huvudsak har tillämpats EU-konformt även om det går att finna någon diskrepans gällande tolkningen av kravet på att omsättningskretsen ska associera de två motstående märkena. Denna diskrepans återfinns inte i senare svenska avgöranden varför det konstateras att utveckling gått mot EU-konformitet även gällande tolkningen av detta krav.

Vidare visar arbetet att det återfinns ett antal frågor inom anseendeskyddet där ytterligare klargöranden hade varit önskvärda. Till dessa hör kravet på att ett EU-varumärke under vissa omständigheter enbart behöver vara känt i en ”icke försumbar del” av omsättningskretsen i ett medlemsland, istället för i en ”betydande del” vilket utgör normalkravet för rätt till anseendeskydd. En annan fråga som identifieras är hur självständiga rekvisiten och prövningarna av desamma är i förhållande till varandra. Arbetet visar att flera av de helhetsbedömningar som ska förtas i prövningen av kriterierna använder samma faktorer. Dessutom kan, enligt EU-rättslig praxis, uppfyllandet av vissa kriterier läggas till grund för bedömningen av förekomsten av andra kriterier. I författarens mening finns här en motsättning med vad EU-domstolen uttalat i praxis gällande att kriterierna är separata och att uppfyllandet av ett rekvisit inte per automatik innebär uppfyllandet av ett annat. Klargöranden i denna del är därför önskvärt. Den sista frågan som identifieras som i behov av klargöranden är kravet på att tredje mans användning ska ske utan ”skälig anledning” för att intrång ska kunna slås fast, där författaren tror att tillämpningen av kriteriet hade underlättats av att relevanta faktorer för prövningen av huruvida en omständighet utgör skälig anledning fastslås. (Less)
Abstract
Traditionally, trade mark infringement has been restricted to situations in which a likelihood for confusion can be found, whereby trade mark law primarily protects consumers. The protection for marks with a reputation distinguishes itself in this regard as it mainly protects the proprietor of a trade mark and the inherent value found in a trade mark’s reputation and distinctive character.

This master thesis explores the legal conditions under which a proprietor of a trade mark may be successful with a claim of infringement based on the protection for marks with a reputation. Furthermore, the paper examines the question of whether Swedish courts have interpreted and applied national law in conformity with EU law or whether... (More)
Traditionally, trade mark infringement has been restricted to situations in which a likelihood for confusion can be found, whereby trade mark law primarily protects consumers. The protection for marks with a reputation distinguishes itself in this regard as it mainly protects the proprietor of a trade mark and the inherent value found in a trade mark’s reputation and distinctive character.

This master thesis explores the legal conditions under which a proprietor of a trade mark may be successful with a claim of infringement based on the protection for marks with a reputation. Furthermore, the paper examines the question of whether Swedish courts have interpreted and applied national law in conformity with EU law or whether discrepancies can be found. Another question which is explored is whether there is a need for further clarifications regarding the protection for marks with a reputation.

It is concluded that the application of Swedish law in general has been in conformity with EU-law, although one discrepancy can be found in how courts have interpreted the requirement for the concerned public to make an association between the two opposing marks. However, as this discrepancy is not found in the most recent judgements emerging from Swedish courts, it is concluded that Swedish courts are progressing in the direction of conformity in regard to this requirement.

The author also identifies a number of issues where further clarification would be desirable. Among these is the criterion for EU trade marks to, under certain circumstances, only be known to “commercially significant part of the public” in a member state, as opposed to having to show a “reputation”. The latter being the standard requirement for being entitled to protection for marks with a reputation. Another issue that the thesis identifies is the question of how independent the criteria and the assessment of the criteria are in relation to each other. The thesis shows that several of the assessments which are to be conducted when trying infringement of the protection for marks with a reputation utilizes the same factors. In addition, according to EU precedent, the fulfillment of some criteria may be taken into consideration when assessing the fulfilment of other criteria. In the author’s view, this contradicts what the Court of Justice of the European Union has stated in previous decisions regarding the independence of the criteria and that the fulfillment of one does not automatically mean another is fulfilled. Clarification on this matter is therefore desirable. Lastly, the thesis identifies the requirement that the other party’s use of a mark must be without “due cause” for there to be infringement as an area in need of clarification. In the view of the author, the application of this criteria would be made easier by identifying relevant factors for assessing whether a certain circumstance can be considered due cause. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Hall, Tilda LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
The protection of marks with a reputation - the legal conditions for infringement and the application of EU-law in Swedish courts
course
JURM02 20182
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Immaterialrätt, Anseendeskydd
language
Swedish
id
8966036
date added to LUP
2019-01-28 11:34:02
date last changed
2019-01-28 11:34:02
@misc{8966036,
  abstract     = {{Traditionally, trade mark infringement has been restricted to situations in which a likelihood for confusion can be found, whereby trade mark law primarily protects consumers. The protection for marks with a reputation distinguishes itself in this regard as it mainly protects the proprietor of a trade mark and the inherent value found in a trade mark’s reputation and distinctive character. 

This master thesis explores the legal conditions under which a proprietor of a trade mark may be successful with a claim of infringement based on the protection for marks with a reputation. Furthermore, the paper examines the question of whether Swedish courts have interpreted and applied national law in conformity with EU law or whether discrepancies can be found. Another question which is explored is whether there is a need for further clarifications regarding the protection for marks with a reputation.

It is concluded that the application of Swedish law in general has been in conformity with EU-law, although one discrepancy can be found in how courts have interpreted the requirement for the concerned public to make an association between the two opposing marks. However, as this discrepancy is not found in the most recent judgements emerging from Swedish courts, it is concluded that Swedish courts are progressing in the direction of conformity in regard to this requirement.

The author also identifies a number of issues where further clarification would be desirable. Among these is the criterion for EU trade marks to, under certain circumstances, only be known to “commercially significant part of the public” in a member state, as opposed to having to show a “reputation”. The latter being the standard requirement for being entitled to protection for marks with a reputation. Another issue that the thesis identifies is the question of how independent the criteria and the assessment of the criteria are in relation to each other. The thesis shows that several of the assessments which are to be conducted when trying infringement of the protection for marks with a reputation utilizes the same factors. In addition, according to EU precedent, the fulfillment of some criteria may be taken into consideration when assessing the fulfilment of other criteria. In the author’s view, this contradicts what the Court of Justice of the European Union has stated in previous decisions regarding the independence of the criteria and that the fulfillment of one does not automatically mean another is fulfilled. Clarification on this matter is therefore desirable. Lastly, the thesis identifies the requirement that the other party’s use of a mark must be without “due cause” for there to be infringement as an area in need of clarification. In the view of the author, the application of this criteria would be made easier by identifying relevant factors for assessing whether a certain circumstance can be considered due cause.}},
  author       = {{Hall, Tilda}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Anseendeskyddsintrång? - De rättsliga förutsättningarna och svenska domstolars tillämpning av EU-rätten}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}