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Idag trygg och säker, imorgon arbetslös och utvisad - En studie av prövningen av ansökningar om förlängt arbetstillstånd och dess förenlighet med Sveriges mänskliga rättigheter-förpliktelser

Kullenberg, Beatrice LU (2018) JURM02 20182
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Det juridiska ramverket för arbetskraftsinvandring reformerades under 2008 för att möta det ökade behovet av arbetskraft från tredje land. Genom reformen förenklades processen för arbetsgivare att anställa utländsk arbetskraft utifrån den enskilde arbetsgivarens behov. Vid införandet av det nya regelverket avskaffades den tidigare arbetsmarknadsprövningen och det infördes krav på att de löne-och anställningsvillkor som erbjuds ska vara i nivå med svenska kollektivavtal. Arbetstillståndet knyts under de första två åren till en viss arbetsgivare och ett visst yrke. För att beviljas förlängt arbetstillstånd krävs att löne-och anställningsvillkoren varit uppfyllda under den tidigare tillståndsperioden. Om så inte är fallet riskerar... (More)
Det juridiska ramverket för arbetskraftsinvandring reformerades under 2008 för att möta det ökade behovet av arbetskraft från tredje land. Genom reformen förenklades processen för arbetsgivare att anställa utländsk arbetskraft utifrån den enskilde arbetsgivarens behov. Vid införandet av det nya regelverket avskaffades den tidigare arbetsmarknadsprövningen och det infördes krav på att de löne-och anställningsvillkor som erbjuds ska vara i nivå med svenska kollektivavtal. Arbetstillståndet knyts under de första två åren till en viss arbetsgivare och ett visst yrke. För att beviljas förlängt arbetstillstånd krävs att löne-och anställningsvillkoren varit uppfyllda under den tidigare tillståndsperioden. Om så inte är fallet riskerar arbetskraftsinvandraren att få avslag på sin ansökan om förlängt arbetstillstånd och utvisas ur landet. I uppsatsen konstateras att arbetskraftsinvandrare är eller riskerar att hamna i en situation där de hotas av utvisning, vilket belyses genom teorin om deportabilitet. Slutsatsen dras att det är staten som skapar den sårbara situation som uppstår för arbetskraftsinvandrare och att staten, genom lagstiftningens utformning, bidrar till konstruktionen av arbetskraftsinvandrares deportabilitet.

Vid ansökningar om förlängt arbetstillstånd företogs från 2015 till 2017 en mycket strikt prövning av om förlängt arbetstillstånd kunde beviljas. Under 2017 presenterades två vägledande avgöranden från Migrationsöverdomstolen, vilka bidrog till att mildra den stränga prövningen som dittills hade tillämpats av underrätterna. Trots den nya praxisen är rättsläget vid prövningar av ansökningar om förlängt arbetstillstånd fortfarande delvis oklart och utvisningar av arbetskraftsinvandrare fortgår till viss del.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka och analysera huruvida det sätt på vilket prövningen av ansökningar om förlängt arbetstillstånd görs i svensk rätt är i enlighet med Sveriges internationella mänskliga rättigheter -förpliktelser. Närmare bestämt analyseras förenligheten av prövningen med Europakonventionen om de mänskliga rättigheterna (EKMR), Förenta Nationernas (FN) konvention om barnets rättigheter (barnkonventionen) samt Internationella arbetstagarorganisationens (ILO) konvention nr 143. Därutöver kommer en diskussion föras om i vilken mån migrantarbetares rättigheter hade stärkts ifall Sverige hade ratificerat ILOs konvention nr 97 och FN:s konvention om skydd för alla migrerande arbetstagares rättigheter och deras familjemedlemmar (ICRMW).

I uppsatsen konstateras att ett barnperspektiv saknas vid prövningar om huruvida migrantarbetare med medföljande barn kan beviljas förlängt arbetstillstånd, vilket strider mot barnkonventionen. Det fastställs att det inte kan anses att Sverige uppfyller sina förpliktelser angående de rättigheter för migrantarbetare som stadgas i ILO:s konvention nr 143 samt om rätten till privatliv enligt artikel 8 i EKMR. Vidare dras slutsatsen att migrantarbetares och särskilt deras familjemedlemmars rättigheter hade stärkts avsevärt genom en ratificering av ICRMW. En ratificering av konventionen hade dock kunnat ge upphov till en, för lagstiftaren, svår avvägning mellan hur legitimiteten för arbetskraftsinvandringssystemet skulle kunna upprätthållas samtidigt som humanitära skäl ska beaktas vid bedömningen av om förlängt arbetstillstånd och uppehållstillstånd kan beviljas för migrantarbetare och deras familj. (Less)
Abstract
In 2008 the legal framework for labour immigration was reformed to meet the increased demand of third country workers, due to a labour shortage in Sweden. The reform simplified the recruitment of third country workers by allowing employers to conduct an assessment of their need for these workers. The introduction of the new framework included the abolishment of the former labour market examination. Furthermore, offers of employment including wages and the terms of employment are required to be in accordance with Swedish collective agreement. During the first two years the work permit will be attached to a specific employer and profession. In order to be granted an extended work permit the wages and terms of the employment must have been... (More)
In 2008 the legal framework for labour immigration was reformed to meet the increased demand of third country workers, due to a labour shortage in Sweden. The reform simplified the recruitment of third country workers by allowing employers to conduct an assessment of their need for these workers. The introduction of the new framework included the abolishment of the former labour market examination. Furthermore, offers of employment including wages and the terms of employment are required to be in accordance with Swedish collective agreement. During the first two years the work permit will be attached to a specific employer and profession. In order to be granted an extended work permit the wages and terms of the employment must have been satisfied by the employer during the period covered by the migrant worker’s first work permit. Where this is not the case the migrant worker may not be granted an extension of the work permit and is at risk of being deported. It is emphasised in this essay that the risk for migrant workers of being deported, can be illustrated through the theory of deportability. It is concluded that the state is responsible for migrant workers’ vulnerability. Through the design of the current labour immigration framework the state is considered to contribute to the construction of the deportability of migrant workers.

During the examination of applications for extended work permits a very strict assessment process was applied by the courts from 2015 to 2017. In 2017 the Swedish Migration Court of Appeal presented two rulings which implied that a less severe examination of applications for extended work permits should be conducted. The case law has to some extent fulfilled its aim of making the assessment of applications for extended work permits less severe. However, the deportation of migrant workers continues to a lesser extent due to persisting uncertainty in the case law.

The purpose of this essay is to examine and analyse whether the assessment of applications for extended work permits is conducted in accordance with Sweden’s international human rights obligations. It is analysed whether the assessment is in compliance with the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and International Labour Organisation’s (ILO) convention no. 143. Furthermore, it will be discussed to what extent the rights of migrant workers would have been enhanced through a Swedish ratification of ILO’s convention no. 97 and the Convention on the protection of the rights of all migrant workers and members of their families (ICRMW).

In this essay it is established that there is a lack of focus of the impact on children when examining whether migrant workers with accompanying children should be granted an extended work permit. This lack of focus is not in accordance with the rights stated in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. In addition, it is concluded that Sweden cannot be considered to fulfil its obligations regarding the rights of migrant workers which are stated in the ILO convention no. 143 and the right to private life in article 8 ECHR. It is also noted that a ratification of the ICRMW would result in a significant improvement of the rights of migrant workers and in particular of the rights of their family members. However, a ratification of ICRMW would result in a difficult balance between maintaining the legitimacy of the framework for labour immigration and at the same time meeting the requirement of taking humanitarian grounds into consideration, when assessing whether an extended work permit should be granted to a migrant worker and residence permits to their family members. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Kullenberg, Beatrice LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Today safe and secure, tomorrow unemployed and deported - A study of the assessment of applications for extended work permits and its compliance with the human rights obligations of Sweden
course
JURM02 20182
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
förvaltningsrätt, folkrätt, migrationsrätt, arbetskraftsinvandring
language
Swedish
id
8972812
date added to LUP
2019-04-11 14:51:28
date last changed
2019-04-11 14:51:28
@misc{8972812,
  abstract     = {{In 2008 the legal framework for labour immigration was reformed to meet the increased demand of third country workers, due to a labour shortage in Sweden. The reform simplified the recruitment of third country workers by allowing employers to conduct an assessment of their need for these workers. The introduction of the new framework included the abolishment of the former labour market examination. Furthermore, offers of employment including wages and the terms of employment are required to be in accordance with Swedish collective agreement. During the first two years the work permit will be attached to a specific employer and profession. In order to be granted an extended work permit the wages and terms of the employment must have been satisfied by the employer during the period covered by the migrant worker’s first work permit. Where this is not the case the migrant worker may not be granted an extension of the work permit and is at risk of being deported. It is emphasised in this essay that the risk for migrant workers of being deported, can be illustrated through the theory of deportability. It is concluded that the state is responsible for migrant workers’ vulnerability. Through the design of the current labour immigration framework the state is considered to contribute to the construction of the deportability of migrant workers.

During the examination of applications for extended work permits a very strict assessment process was applied by the courts from 2015 to 2017. In 2017 the Swedish Migration Court of Appeal presented two rulings which implied that a less severe examination of applications for extended work permits should be conducted. The case law has to some extent fulfilled its aim of making the assessment of applications for extended work permits less severe. However, the deportation of migrant workers continues to a lesser extent due to persisting uncertainty in the case law. 

The purpose of this essay is to examine and analyse whether the assessment of applications for extended work permits is conducted in accordance with Sweden’s international human rights obligations. It is analysed whether the assessment is in compliance with the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and International Labour Organisation’s (ILO) convention no. 143. Furthermore, it will be discussed to what extent the rights of migrant workers would have been enhanced through a Swedish ratification of ILO’s convention no. 97 and the Convention on the protection of the rights of all migrant workers and members of their families (ICRMW). 

In this essay it is established that there is a lack of focus of the impact on children when examining whether migrant workers with accompanying children should be granted an extended work permit. This lack of focus is not in accordance with the rights stated in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. In addition, it is concluded that Sweden cannot be considered to fulfil its obligations regarding the rights of migrant workers which are stated in the ILO convention no. 143 and the right to private life in article 8 ECHR. It is also noted that a ratification of the ICRMW would result in a significant improvement of the rights of migrant workers and in particular of the rights of their family members. However, a ratification of ICRMW would result in a difficult balance between maintaining the legitimacy of the framework for labour immigration and at the same time meeting the requirement of taking humanitarian grounds into consideration, when assessing whether an extended work permit should be granted to a migrant worker and residence permits to their family members.}},
  author       = {{Kullenberg, Beatrice}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Idag trygg och säker, imorgon arbetslös och utvisad - En studie av prövningen av ansökningar om förlängt arbetstillstånd och dess förenlighet med Sveriges mänskliga rättigheter-förpliktelser}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}