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Föräldraskapande - En kritisk undersökning av den rättsliga konstruktionen av föräldraskap med särskilt fokus på regleringen av föräldraskap vid ändrad könstillhörighet

Rosenkvist, Linnea LU (2019) JURM02 20191
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Sedan den 1 juli 2013 råder inte längre något steriliseringskrav för personer som vill ändra sin juridiska könstillhörighet. Denna uppsats undersöker kritiskt den nya lagstiftningen i 1 kap. 10-14 §§ FB, vilken trädde i kraft den 1 januari 2019 som en följd av det avskaffade steriliseringskravet. Innan lagstiftningen trädde i kraft tillämpades de ursprungliga reglerna i FB analogt på transpersoners föräldraskap, vilket medförde administrativa problem för olika myndigheter. Den nya lagstiftningen tar sikte på föräldraskap vid ändrad könstillhörighet och innebär att den ändrade juridiska könstillhörigheten nu återspeglas i personernas rättsliga föräldraskap. Reglerna innebär bland annat att män med transbakgrund som föder barn ska betecknas... (More)
Sedan den 1 juli 2013 råder inte längre något steriliseringskrav för personer som vill ändra sin juridiska könstillhörighet. Denna uppsats undersöker kritiskt den nya lagstiftningen i 1 kap. 10-14 §§ FB, vilken trädde i kraft den 1 januari 2019 som en följd av det avskaffade steriliseringskravet. Innan lagstiftningen trädde i kraft tillämpades de ursprungliga reglerna i FB analogt på transpersoners föräldraskap, vilket medförde administrativa problem för olika myndigheter. Den nya lagstiftningen tar sikte på föräldraskap vid ändrad könstillhörighet och innebär att den ändrade juridiska könstillhörigheten nu återspeglas i personernas rättsliga föräldraskap. Reglerna innebär bland annat att män med transbakgrund som föder barn ska betecknas som barnets far men ha samma rättigheter och skyldigheter som följer av moderskap i lagstiftningen. Kvinnor med transbakgrund som bidrar med spermier vid befruktningen av ett barn ska betecknas som barnets mor men ha samma rättigheter och skyldigheter som följer av faderskap i lagstiftningen. Samtidigt slopas faderskapspresumtionen i 1 kap. 1 § FB för gifta par där en eller båda föräldrar är transpersoner. Genom en undersökning av reglerna för fastställande av moderskap, faderskap och föräldraskap i FB visar uppsatsen att föräldraskapsregleringen genomsyras av cis- och heteronormativitet. Resultatet av undersökningen diskuteras utifrån den ökade betydelsen av socialt föräldraskap som grund för rättsligt föräldraskap och problematiseras med en queerteoretisk ansats. I sitt föräldraskapande tycks lagstiftaren visserligen vara villig att inkludera fler grupper, samtidigt som gränsen för vilka som inkluderas dras vid kulturellt begripliga kroppar. Vad som menas med detta är att det endast är människor som ryms inom tvåkönsmodellen som omfattas av föräldraskapslagstiftningen. Föräldrar som avviker från cis- och heteronormen inkluderas endast partiellt i lagstiftningen. Med partiell inkludering menas att dessa föräldrar visserligen ges plats i lagstiftningen men samtidigt markeras som avvikande genom att omfattas av andra regler än de ursprungliga. I den avslutande kommentaren diskuteras de nya lagförslagen i SOU 2018:68 om att införa könsneutrala föräldraskapspresumtioner. I kommentaren argumenteras även för att lagstiftaren inte har tillräckligt höga ambitioner i att skapa en verkligt inkluderande föräldraskapsreglering. (Less)
Abstract
Since July 1, 2013, there is no longer a sterilization requirement for transgender persons who want to transition. This paper critically examines the new legislation in the Parental Code, which entered into force on January 1, 2019 as a result of the abolished sterilization requirement. The new legislation applies to parenthood when one or both parents have changed their legal gender. Before the new legislation entered into force, the already existing rules of the Parental Code were applied analogously on transgender parents. This led to some administrative issues for various Swedish authorities. With the new legislation transgender persons’ legal parental status is now reflected in their changed legal gender. Transgender men, who give... (More)
Since July 1, 2013, there is no longer a sterilization requirement for transgender persons who want to transition. This paper critically examines the new legislation in the Parental Code, which entered into force on January 1, 2019 as a result of the abolished sterilization requirement. The new legislation applies to parenthood when one or both parents have changed their legal gender. Before the new legislation entered into force, the already existing rules of the Parental Code were applied analogously on transgender parents. This led to some administrative issues for various Swedish authorities. With the new legislation transgender persons’ legal parental status is now reflected in their changed legal gender. Transgender men, who give birth to children, are now designated as the child's father but have the same legal rights and obligations as mothers. In the same way, transgender women, who contribute with sperm during the conception of a child, are now designated as the child's mother but have the same legal rights and obligations as fathers. At the same time, married couples where one or both parents are transgender are no longer covered by the paternity presumption rule. This paper shows that the examined rules concerning determination of motherhood, fatherhood and parenthood in the Parental Code, are pervaded by cis- and heteronormativity. The result of the study is discussed on the basis of the increased importance of social parenting when determining legal parental status. The result is also discussed with inputs retrieved from queer theory, where the legislators’ role in constituting parents is made visible. The legislator is willing to include new groups of people when constituting parents through the legislation, at the same time the line of inclusion is drawn at culturally understandable bodies. This means that it is only persons who fit within the two-sex model that are covered by the Parental Code. Parents who deviate from cis- and hetero norms are only partially included in the legislation. Partial inclusion means that these parents are given place in the legislation, but at the same time, they are marked as deviating by being subject to other rules than the original ones. The paper is concluded with a discussion concerning the new legislative proposals in SOU 2018:68, on introducing gender-neutral parenthood presumption rules. In the discussion it is argued that further measures need to be taken to create a truly inclusive Parental Code. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Rosenkvist, Linnea LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Constituting Parents - A critical research of the legal construction of parenthood, focusing on the regulation of parenthood for persons transitioning legal gender
course
JURM02 20191
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
familjerätt, föräldraskap, transpersoner, queerteori
language
Swedish
id
8976656
date added to LUP
2019-06-17 14:35:37
date last changed
2019-06-17 14:35:37
@misc{8976656,
  abstract     = {{Since July 1, 2013, there is no longer a sterilization requirement for transgender persons who want to transition. This paper critically examines the new legislation in the Parental Code, which entered into force on January 1, 2019 as a result of the abolished sterilization requirement. The new legislation applies to parenthood when one or both parents have changed their legal gender. Before the new legislation entered into force, the already existing rules of the Parental Code were applied analogously on transgender parents. This led to some administrative issues for various Swedish authorities. With the new legislation transgender persons’ legal parental status is now reflected in their changed legal gender. Transgender men, who give birth to children, are now designated as the child's father but have the same legal rights and obligations as mothers. In the same way, transgender women, who contribute with sperm during the conception of a child, are now designated as the child's mother but have the same legal rights and obligations as fathers. At the same time, married couples where one or both parents are transgender are no longer covered by the paternity presumption rule. This paper shows that the examined rules concerning determination of motherhood, fatherhood and parenthood in the Parental Code, are pervaded by cis- and heteronormativity. The result of the study is discussed on the basis of the increased importance of social parenting when determining legal parental status. The result is also discussed with inputs retrieved from queer theory, where the legislators’ role in constituting parents is made visible. The legislator is willing to include new groups of people when constituting parents through the legislation, at the same time the line of inclusion is drawn at culturally understandable bodies. This means that it is only persons who fit within the two-sex model that are covered by the Parental Code. Parents who deviate from cis- and hetero norms are only partially included in the legislation. Partial inclusion means that these parents are given place in the legislation, but at the same time, they are marked as deviating by being subject to other rules than the original ones. The paper is concluded with a discussion concerning the new legislative proposals in SOU 2018:68, on introducing gender-neutral parenthood presumption rules. In the discussion it is argued that further measures need to be taken to create a truly inclusive Parental Code.}},
  author       = {{Rosenkvist, Linnea}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Föräldraskapande - En kritisk undersökning av den rättsliga konstruktionen av föräldraskap med särskilt fokus på regleringen av föräldraskap vid ändrad könstillhörighet}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}