Skip to main content

LUP Student Papers

LUND UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

Självbestämmande, medbestämmande, tvång - Vem bestämmer om barnets hälso- och sjukvård?

Åkerblom, Katja LU (2019) JURM02 20191
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Denna framställning behandlar den komplexa relationen mellan barn, vårdnadshavare och samhälle när det kommer till barn i hälso- och sjukvården. I framställningen ställs frågan vem som egentligen bestämmer om barnets hälso- och sjukvård.

Utgångspunkten i svensk hälso- och sjukvård är att patienten har självbestämmanderätt, det vill säga rätt att samtycka till, eller motsätta sig, erbjudna hälso- och sjukvårdsåtgärder. När det kommer till barn är frågan mer komplex, eftersom barn inte har fullt utvecklad beslutskompetens, det vill säga förmåga att tillgodogöra sig information och överblicka konsekvenserna av sina beslut. Å ena sidan finns ett intresse av att låta barnet bestämma över sin egen hälso- och sjukvård, å andra sidan finns ett... (More)
Denna framställning behandlar den komplexa relationen mellan barn, vårdnadshavare och samhälle när det kommer till barn i hälso- och sjukvården. I framställningen ställs frågan vem som egentligen bestämmer om barnets hälso- och sjukvård.

Utgångspunkten i svensk hälso- och sjukvård är att patienten har självbestämmanderätt, det vill säga rätt att samtycka till, eller motsätta sig, erbjudna hälso- och sjukvårdsåtgärder. När det kommer till barn är frågan mer komplex, eftersom barn inte har fullt utvecklad beslutskompetens, det vill säga förmåga att tillgodogöra sig information och överblicka konsekvenserna av sina beslut. Å ena sidan finns ett intresse av att låta barnet bestämma över sin egen hälso- och sjukvård, å andra sidan finns ett intresse av att skydda barnets liv och hälsa.

I svensk rätt har problemet lösts genom en konstruktion som innebär att vårdnadshavare har bestämmanderätt, men att barnet har medbestämmanderätt som motsvarar barnets beslutskompetens. I den utsträckning barnet inte har uppnått tillräcklig beslutskompetens,har alltså barnets vårdnadshavare rätt,och skyldighet, att bestämma i frågor som rör barnets hälso- och sjukvård. I den utsträckning barnet har uppnått tillräcklig beslutskompetens, ska barnet däremot tillerkännas avgörande bestämmanderätt och barnets beslut i frågor som rör hens hälso- och sjukvård ska respekteras.

Samhället har det yttersta ansvaret för barnet och ska se till att barnets behov av hälso- och sjukvård uppmärksammas och tillgodoses. Under vissa förutsättningar kan samhället därför ingripa och bestämma om barnets hälso- och sjukvård. När vårdnadshavare har bestämmanderätt, har samhället tämligen omfattande möjligheter att ingripa med stöd av nödrätten eller LVU. När barnet själv har avgörande bestämmanderätt, är samhällets möjligheter att ingripa emellertid begränsade, i princip begränsade till fall där barnet lider av en allvarlig psykisk störning och kan beredas vård enligt LPT.

Det avgörande för vilken bestämmanderätt barnet tillerkänns och vilka befogenheter vårdnadshavare och samhälle har att ingripa för att skydda barnets liv och hälsa, är graden av barnets beslutskompetens. Bedömningen av barnets beslutskompetens är därför central. I denna framställning undersöks vilka omständigheter som kan vara av betydelse för bedömningen av barnets beslutskompetens och vad en viss grad av beslutskompetens innebär
i termer av bestämmanderätt. Sammanfattningsvis kan det konstateras att det måste göras en bedömning i varje enskilt fall samt att hälso- och sjukvårdspersonalen härvid kan, och ska,beakta alla omständigheter som i det enskilda fallet kan vara av betydelse. Det handlar om en komplex bedömning och jag ställer mig därför skeptisk till det stora ansvar som vilar på den
enskilda personalen. Vilken medbestämmanderätt och vilket skydd barnet har, ska inte vara beroende av vem som behandlar barnet, särskilt inte när en felaktig bedömning riskerar att kränka antingen barnets medbestämmanderätt eller barnets rätt till liv och hälsa, och i värsta fall få konsekvenser som aldrig kan repareras. (Less)
Abstract
This thesis is about the complex relationship between children, guardians and society regarding children in Swedish healthcare. The thesis poses the question who has the right to decide on children’s health- and medical care.

Swedish health care is based on the patients’ right to determine about one’s own health- and medical care. That is, the right to consent to, or oppose, offered health- and medical care measures. Regarding children, the issue is more complex, since children have not yet developed adequate decision-making competence, i.e. the ability to assimilate information and observe the consequences of their decisions. On the one hand, there is an interest in
letting the child decide on his or her own health- and medical care,... (More)
This thesis is about the complex relationship between children, guardians and society regarding children in Swedish healthcare. The thesis poses the question who has the right to decide on children’s health- and medical care.

Swedish health care is based on the patients’ right to determine about one’s own health- and medical care. That is, the right to consent to, or oppose, offered health- and medical care measures. Regarding children, the issue is more complex, since children have not yet developed adequate decision-making competence, i.e. the ability to assimilate information and observe the consequences of their decisions. On the one hand, there is an interest in
letting the child decide on his or her own health- and medical care, on the other hand there is society’s interest in protecting the child's life and health.

In Swedish law, the dilemma has been solved by a construction letting the child’s guardian have the authority to decide, but also giving the child co-determination rights which correspond to the child's, so far acquired, decision-making competence. Thus, to the extent that the child has not yet attained sufficient decision-making competence, the child's guardian
has the right, and obligation, to decide on matters relating to the child's health- and medical care. However, has the child attained sufficient decision-making competence, he or she must be recognized as having decisive authority and decisions on matters relating to his or her health- and medical care must be respected.

Society carries ultimate responsibility for the child and shall ensure that the child's need for health- and medical care is recognized and met. Under certain conditions, society can therefore intervene and decide on the child's health- and medical care. When guardians have the authority, society has fairly extensive means to intervene with the support of the emergency law (4 kap. 4 § PL and 24 kap. 4 § BrB) or the law on enforcing care for young
people (LVU). When the child him- or herself has decisive authority, however, society's possibilities to intervene are limited, in essence limited to cases where the child suffers from a serious mental disorder and can be offered care according to the law on compulsory psychiatric care (LPT).

The decisive factor for determining the child's right to decide on his or her own health- and medical care, and which means guardians and society possess to intervene to protect the child's life and health, is the extent of the child's decision-making competence. The assessment of the child's decision-making competence is therefore central. This paper examines which circumstances may be of importance for assessing the child's decision-making competence and what a certain degree of decision-making competence entails in terms of right to decide. In conclusion, it can be stated that an assessment must be made in each individual case and that the healthcare staff can, and must, take into account all circumstances that may be of importance to the individual case. This is a complicated assessment and I am therefore sceptical to the great responsibility that rests on the individual staff. Since an incorrect assessment of the child’s decision-making competence could mean risking violating either the child’s right to co-determination or the child’s right to life and health, it ought not be dependent on who happens to be treating the child when guardians or society exercise their powers to protect the child. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Åkerblom, Katja LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Self-determination, co-determination, compulsory care - Who decides on children's health and medical care?
course
JURM02 20191
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
offentlig rätt, socialrätt, hälso- och sjukvårdsrätt, barnrätt
language
Swedish
id
8976836
date added to LUP
2019-06-05 09:41:50
date last changed
2019-06-05 09:41:50
@misc{8976836,
  abstract     = {{This thesis is about the complex relationship between children, guardians and society regarding children in Swedish healthcare. The thesis poses the question who has the right to decide on children’s health- and medical care.

Swedish health care is based on the patients’ right to determine about one’s own health- and medical care. That is, the right to consent to, or oppose, offered health- and medical care measures. Regarding children, the issue is more complex, since children have not yet developed adequate decision-making competence, i.e. the ability to assimilate information and observe the consequences of their decisions. On the one hand, there is an interest in
letting the child decide on his or her own health- and medical care, on the other hand there is society’s interest in protecting the child's life and health.

In Swedish law, the dilemma has been solved by a construction letting the child’s guardian have the authority to decide, but also giving the child co-determination rights which correspond to the child's, so far acquired, decision-making competence. Thus, to the extent that the child has not yet attained sufficient decision-making competence, the child's guardian
has the right, and obligation, to decide on matters relating to the child's health- and medical care. However, has the child attained sufficient decision-making competence, he or she must be recognized as having decisive authority and decisions on matters relating to his or her health- and medical care must be respected.

Society carries ultimate responsibility for the child and shall ensure that the child's need for health- and medical care is recognized and met. Under certain conditions, society can therefore intervene and decide on the child's health- and medical care. When guardians have the authority, society has fairly extensive means to intervene with the support of the emergency law (4 kap. 4 § PL and 24 kap. 4 § BrB) or the law on enforcing care for young
people (LVU). When the child him- or herself has decisive authority, however, society's possibilities to intervene are limited, in essence limited to cases where the child suffers from a serious mental disorder and can be offered care according to the law on compulsory psychiatric care (LPT).

The decisive factor for determining the child's right to decide on his or her own health- and medical care, and which means guardians and society possess to intervene to protect the child's life and health, is the extent of the child's decision-making competence. The assessment of the child's decision-making competence is therefore central. This paper examines which circumstances may be of importance for assessing the child's decision-making competence and what a certain degree of decision-making competence entails in terms of right to decide. In conclusion, it can be stated that an assessment must be made in each individual case and that the healthcare staff can, and must, take into account all circumstances that may be of importance to the individual case. This is a complicated assessment and I am therefore sceptical to the great responsibility that rests on the individual staff. Since an incorrect assessment of the child’s decision-making competence could mean risking violating either the child’s right to co-determination or the child’s right to life and health, it ought not be dependent on who happens to be treating the child when guardians or society exercise their powers to protect the child.}},
  author       = {{Åkerblom, Katja}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Självbestämmande, medbestämmande, tvång - Vem bestämmer om barnets hälso- och sjukvård?}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}