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Rätten att bruka droger – En kritisk politisk-filosofisk granskning avseende kriminaliseringen av narkotikabruk

Colin, Tim LU (2019) LAGF03 20191
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Denna uppsats besvarar frågan om det är rätt att staten tagit sig befogenhet att kriminalisera bruk av vissa droger. Kriminalisering anses vara en synnerligen hård form av kontroll för att styra individens beteende och bör endast användas som sista alternativ. Av detta följer att endast de mest klandervärda gärningarna bör kriminaliseras. Lagstiftaren bör även besvara följande frågor för att straffbelägga en gärning:

- Vilket intresse skyddas?
- Vilken potentiell skada på skyddsintresset ämnas avvärja?
- Kommer kriminaliseringen ha tillräcklig effekt för att uppnå sitt
syfte?

Med undantag för lindrigt tvång med hög effektivitet bör staten inte kriminalisera gärningar endast för att skydda individen från att skada sig själv. Med... (More)
Denna uppsats besvarar frågan om det är rätt att staten tagit sig befogenhet att kriminalisera bruk av vissa droger. Kriminalisering anses vara en synnerligen hård form av kontroll för att styra individens beteende och bör endast användas som sista alternativ. Av detta följer att endast de mest klandervärda gärningarna bör kriminaliseras. Lagstiftaren bör även besvara följande frågor för att straffbelägga en gärning:

- Vilket intresse skyddas?
- Vilken potentiell skada på skyddsintresset ämnas avvärja?
- Kommer kriminaliseringen ha tillräcklig effekt för att uppnå sitt
syfte?

Med undantag för lindrigt tvång med hög effektivitet bör staten inte kriminalisera gärningar endast för att skydda individen från att skada sig själv. Med andra ord bör staten inte införa en paternalistisk lagstiftning.

I upprinnelsen till och i samband med kriminaliseringen ansågs droger vara ett hot mot samhället och betraktades inte vara en del av den svenska kulturen och moralen. Den bärande idén var därför att drogerna skulle elimineras från det svenska samhället. Huvudargumenten som lyftes fram och antogs var betydelsen av avståndstagande och den preventiva effekt som straffbeläggandet skulle få samt vikten av enighet i debatten. Emellertid redogjorde lagstiftaren varken för ett bestämt skyddsintresse eller vilken skada som kriminaliseringen syftade att förhindra. Vidare behandlades inte effektivitet. Av den anledningen verkar det som att en ren paternalistisk lagstiftning infördes i svensk rätt.

Staten begränsade individens rätt till sin egen kropp och inskränkte samtidigt privatlivet och handlingsfriheten.
Dessutom, till skillnad från vad lagstiftaren menade, är drogbruk för en mängd människor inte moraliskt förkastligt. Människor har olika behov och viljor, även gällande droger. Dessvärre har staten ignorerat detta. Och i stället för att – som med alkohol och tobak – främja ansvarstagande, självkontroll och kunskapsbaserat bruk har detta hämmats. Jag är av uppfattningen att det bör vara upp till var och en att göra vad som önskas, med sin egen kropp, förutsatt att ingen annan kommer till skada. Eftersom detta inte är fallet med dagens drogförbud har staten överskridit sin befogenhet. (Less)
Abstract
This essay answers the question whether it is right or wrong that the state has the authority to criminalize the use of certain drugs. Criminalization is considered a particularly tough form of control to steer the individual's behavior and should only be used as a last resort. Because of this, only the most blameworthy acts should be criminalized. The legislator should also answer the following questions in conjunction with banning a deed:

- What interest is to be protected?
- What potential damage to the protection interest is intended to be prevented?
- Will the criminalization have sufficient effect to achieve its purpose?

With the exception of a mild constraint with high efficiency, the state should not criminalize acts only... (More)
This essay answers the question whether it is right or wrong that the state has the authority to criminalize the use of certain drugs. Criminalization is considered a particularly tough form of control to steer the individual's behavior and should only be used as a last resort. Because of this, only the most blameworthy acts should be criminalized. The legislator should also answer the following questions in conjunction with banning a deed:

- What interest is to be protected?
- What potential damage to the protection interest is intended to be prevented?
- Will the criminalization have sufficient effect to achieve its purpose?

With the exception of a mild constraint with high efficiency, the state should not criminalize acts only to protect the individual from harming him or herself. In other words, the state should not adopt a paternalistic legislation.

Drugs were, before and in conjunction with the criminalization, considered to be a threat to society and were not considered a part of the Swedish culture and morality. Therefore, the fundamental idea was that drugs would be eliminated from the Swedish society. The emphasized and adopted main arguments were the importance of society’s distancing from drugs, the crime prevention that the punishment would lead to and the importance of political unity. However, the legislator did not explain either a definite protection interest or any potential damage that the criminalization aimed to prevent. Furthermore, efficiency was not addressed. And for that reason, it appears that a pure paternalistic legislation was introduced in Swedish law.

The state limited the individual's right to his or her own body and restricted both the right to privacy as well as the freedom of action. Unlike what the legislator claimed, drug use for numerous people is not morally blameworthy. Individuals have different needs and lusts, even so regarding drugs. Unfortunately, the state has ignored this. And instead of, as with alcohol and tobacco, promoting responsibility, self-control and knowledge-based use, this has been inhibited. I am of the opinion that it should be up to everyone to do – with his or her own body – what is desired, provided that no one else is injured. Since this is not the case with the current drugs laws, the state has exceeded its authority. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Colin, Tim LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20191
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
Straffrätt, Politisk filosofi, Narkotika, Droger, Criminal Law, Political philosophy, Narcotics, Drugs
language
Swedish
id
8977244
date added to LUP
2019-12-12 10:24:49
date last changed
2019-12-12 10:24:49
@misc{8977244,
  abstract     = {{This essay answers the question whether it is right or wrong that the state has the authority to criminalize the use of certain drugs. Criminalization is considered a particularly tough form of control to steer the individual's behavior and should only be used as a last resort. Because of this, only the most blameworthy acts should be criminalized. The legislator should also answer the following questions in conjunction with banning a deed:

-	What interest is to be protected?
-	What potential damage to the protection interest is intended to be prevented?
-	Will the criminalization have sufficient effect to achieve its purpose?

With the exception of a mild constraint with high efficiency, the state should not criminalize acts only to protect the individual from harming him or herself. In other words, the state should not adopt a paternalistic legislation.

Drugs were, before and in conjunction with the criminalization, considered to be a threat to society and were not considered a part of the Swedish culture and morality. Therefore, the fundamental idea was that drugs would be eliminated from the Swedish society. The emphasized and adopted main arguments were the importance of society’s distancing from drugs, the crime prevention that the punishment would lead to and the importance of political unity. However, the legislator did not explain either a definite protection interest or any potential damage that the criminalization aimed to prevent. Furthermore, efficiency was not addressed. And for that reason, it appears that a pure paternalistic legislation was introduced in Swedish law.

The state limited the individual's right to his or her own body and restricted both the right to privacy as well as the freedom of action. Unlike what the legislator claimed, drug use for numerous people is not morally blameworthy. Individuals have different needs and lusts, even so regarding drugs. Unfortunately, the state has ignored this. And instead of, as with alcohol and tobacco, promoting responsibility, self-control and knowledge-based use, this has been inhibited. I am of the opinion that it should be up to everyone to do – with his or her own body – what is desired, provided that no one else is injured. Since this is not the case with the current drugs laws, the state has exceeded its authority.}},
  author       = {{Colin, Tim}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Rätten att bruka droger – En kritisk politisk-filosofisk granskning avseende kriminaliseringen av narkotikabruk}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}