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Samtyckeslagen - En analys av den nya våldtäktsbestämmelsen i 6 kap. 1 § BrB baserad på bristande frivillighet som grund för straffansvar

Eriksson, Elin LU (2019) JURM02 20191
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Den 1 juli 2018 trädde en reform avseende den svenska sexualbrottslagstiftningen ikraft, vilket medfört att brottet våldtäkt i 6 kap. 1 § Brottsbalken konstruerats kring begreppet frivillighet istället för kring begreppet tvång. Den nya brottsbeteckningen oaktsam våldtäkt infördes även i 6 kap. 1 a § Brottsbalken. Våldtäktsbestämmelsen bygger fortfarande på tidigare reglering genom att de omständigheter som tidigare utgjorde självständiga rekvisit enligt då gällande 6 kap. 1–3 §§ Brottsbalken nu utgör faktorer som innebär att frivillighet aldrig kan anses föreligga.
Om svensk sexualbrottslagstiftning borde vara utformad som en ren samtyckesreglering har utretts två gånger tidigare, men då ansågs inte de positiva aspekterna med en sådan... (More)
Den 1 juli 2018 trädde en reform avseende den svenska sexualbrottslagstiftningen ikraft, vilket medfört att brottet våldtäkt i 6 kap. 1 § Brottsbalken konstruerats kring begreppet frivillighet istället för kring begreppet tvång. Den nya brottsbeteckningen oaktsam våldtäkt infördes även i 6 kap. 1 a § Brottsbalken. Våldtäktsbestämmelsen bygger fortfarande på tidigare reglering genom att de omständigheter som tidigare utgjorde självständiga rekvisit enligt då gällande 6 kap. 1–3 §§ Brottsbalken nu utgör faktorer som innebär att frivillighet aldrig kan anses föreligga.
Om svensk sexualbrottslagstiftning borde vara utformad som en ren samtyckesreglering har utretts två gånger tidigare, men då ansågs inte de positiva aspekterna med en sådan lagstiftning överväga de negativa aspekterna. Den lagrådsremiss som föregick lagändringen utsattes för kritik av Lagrådet, som dels ifrågasatte bestämmelsen ur legalitetssynpunkt och dels menade att det inte fanns något rättsligt behov av den. Denna uppsats syftar således till att analysera utformningen av den nya våldtäktsbestämmelsen utifrån de krav på förutsebarhet och tydlighet som ställs på varje straffrättslig lagstiftning. Uppsatsen syfte är även att undersöka om de argument som främst anförts av tidigare utredningar mot införandet av en samtyckeslag kan anses befogade. Detta har skett genom en undersökning av lagstiftningsprocessen och genom en studie av rättspraxis.
De slutsatser som kunnat dras av arbetet är att Lagrådets kritik mot lagrådsremissen var befogad och att en del av kritiken nog skulle kvarstå mot den gällande lagstiftningen. En del andra tolknings- och tillämpningsproblem har även uppmärksammats som medför att bestämmelsen riskerar att strida mot legalitetsprincipen. Det finns ett rättsligt behov av lagstiftningen och de farhågor som främst lyfts av de två tidigare utredningarna har inte aktualiserats. (Less)
Abstract
On July 1st, 2018, a reform regarding the Swedish sexual offence legislation came into force, which meant that the crime of rape in Chap. 6 § 1 of the Penal Code was constructed around the concept of voluntariness instead of around the concept of coercion. The new offence negligent rape was also introduced in Chap 6. § 1 a of the Penal Code. The paragraph regarding rape is still based on previous regulation, since the circumstances that constituted independent necessary prerequisites in Chap. 6 §§ 1-3 of the Penal Code now constitute factors that mean that voluntariness can never be considered to exist.
Whether Swedish sexual offence legislation should be formulated around the concept of consent has been examined twice before, but the... (More)
On July 1st, 2018, a reform regarding the Swedish sexual offence legislation came into force, which meant that the crime of rape in Chap. 6 § 1 of the Penal Code was constructed around the concept of voluntariness instead of around the concept of coercion. The new offence negligent rape was also introduced in Chap 6. § 1 a of the Penal Code. The paragraph regarding rape is still based on previous regulation, since the circumstances that constituted independent necessary prerequisites in Chap. 6 §§ 1-3 of the Penal Code now constitute factors that mean that voluntariness can never be considered to exist.
Whether Swedish sexual offence legislation should be formulated around the concept of consent has been examined twice before, but the positive aspects of such a legislation were not considered enough to outweigh the negative aspects. The first proposal from the Government met criticism from the Council on Legislation, arguing that it could breach the principle of legality and that there was no legal necessity for it. This paper thus aims to analyze the formulation of the new rape provision based on requirements for predictability and legibility imposed on each criminal law. Furthermore, the purpose of the thesis is to examine whether the foremost arguments against the passing of a consent law could be considered justified. This has been done through a study of the legislative process and through a study of case law.
The conclusions drawn in this paper are that the Council on Legislation’s criticism of the Government’s first proposal was justified and that some of the criticism probably could be held against the current legislation. Other problems regarding the interpretation and application of the new rape provision has also been identified. There is a risk that the provision isn ́t in accordance with the principle of legality due to these problems. Furthermore, there is a legal necessity for a consent law and the concerns foremost raised by the two previous investigations have not been actualized. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Eriksson, Elin LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Consent law - An analysis of the new rape provision in chap. 6 § 1 of the Penal Code based on voluntariness
course
JURM02 20191
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Straffrätt
language
Swedish
id
8977501
date added to LUP
2019-06-18 13:49:36
date last changed
2019-06-18 13:49:36
@misc{8977501,
  abstract     = {{On July 1st, 2018, a reform regarding the Swedish sexual offence legislation came into force, which meant that the crime of rape in Chap. 6 § 1 of the Penal Code was constructed around the concept of voluntariness instead of around the concept of coercion. The new offence negligent rape was also introduced in Chap 6. § 1 a of the Penal Code. The paragraph regarding rape is still based on previous regulation, since the circumstances that constituted independent necessary prerequisites in Chap. 6 §§ 1-3 of the Penal Code now constitute factors that mean that voluntariness can never be considered to exist.
Whether Swedish sexual offence legislation should be formulated around the concept of consent has been examined twice before, but the positive aspects of such a legislation were not considered enough to outweigh the negative aspects. The first proposal from the Government met criticism from the Council on Legislation, arguing that it could breach the principle of legality and that there was no legal necessity for it. This paper thus aims to analyze the formulation of the new rape provision based on requirements for predictability and legibility imposed on each criminal law. Furthermore, the purpose of the thesis is to examine whether the foremost arguments against the passing of a consent law could be considered justified. This has been done through a study of the legislative process and through a study of case law.
The conclusions drawn in this paper are that the Council on Legislation’s criticism of the Government’s first proposal was justified and that some of the criticism probably could be held against the current legislation. Other problems regarding the interpretation and application of the new rape provision has also been identified. There is a risk that the provision isn ́t in accordance with the principle of legality due to these problems. Furthermore, there is a legal necessity for a consent law and the concerns foremost raised by the two previous investigations have not been actualized.}},
  author       = {{Eriksson, Elin}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Samtyckeslagen - En analys av den nya våldtäktsbestämmelsen i 6 kap. 1 § BrB baserad på bristande frivillighet som grund för straffansvar}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}