Brottet ingen sett - Räcker en målsägandeutsaga för fällande dom?
(2019) JURM02 20191Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract (Swedish)
- Våldtäktsbrottet är ett brott som i de allra flesta fall sker bakom stängda dörrar. Som konsekvens av detta blir bevissituationen svår, eftersom ord står mot ord. I de allra flesta fall finns varken vittnen eller annan direkt bevisning som kan styrka åtalet, vilket innebär att den enda direkta bevisningen i många fall består av en målsägandeutsaga. Det övergripande syftet med denna uppsats har varit att reda på vilka möjligheter det finns att döma i våldtäktsmål enbart på grundval av en målsägandeutsaga.
I doktrin har diskuterats om ett eventuellt krav på kompletterande stödbevisning till målsägandeutsagan har uppkommit av Högsta Domstolens praxis, främst genom NJA 2005 s. 712. Mot ett sådant krav ställs principen om den fria... (More) - Våldtäktsbrottet är ett brott som i de allra flesta fall sker bakom stängda dörrar. Som konsekvens av detta blir bevissituationen svår, eftersom ord står mot ord. I de allra flesta fall finns varken vittnen eller annan direkt bevisning som kan styrka åtalet, vilket innebär att den enda direkta bevisningen i många fall består av en målsägandeutsaga. Det övergripande syftet med denna uppsats har varit att reda på vilka möjligheter det finns att döma i våldtäktsmål enbart på grundval av en målsägandeutsaga.
I doktrin har diskuterats om ett eventuellt krav på kompletterande stödbevisning till målsägandeutsagan har uppkommit av Högsta Domstolens praxis, främst genom NJA 2005 s. 712. Mot ett sådant krav ställs principen om den fria bevisvärderingen.
För att utreda det övergripande syftet har följande frågeställningar besvarats:
Hindrar Högsta Domstolens praxis med avseende på bevisvärdering en målsägandeutsaga för att ensam ligga till grund för fällande dom i våldtäktsmål? Kan man utifrån hur hovrätten bedömer bevisning i våldtäktsmål dra några slutsatser om huruvida det är möjligt för en målsägandeutsaga att ensam ligga till grund för fällande dom?
Den första frågeställningen har besvarats med hjälp av rättdogmatisk metod, främst genom att studera Högsta domstolens praxis och doktrin. Den andra frågeställningen har besvarats genom en kvantitativ rättsfallsstudie med kvalitativa inslag. Vad som kunnat konstateras är att Högsta domstolens praxis inte ska tolkas som att det uppställs ett generellt krav på vilken bevisning som krävs för fällande dom i våldtäktsmål, utan underrätterna har möjligheten att styra över bevisvärderingen. Vidare är det inte otroligt att enbart en målsägandeutsaga kan leva upp till beviskravet genom att den tillmäts ett högt bevisvärde, däremot är det inte lika troligt att den slutligen leder till fällande dom eftersom bevisvärdering består av en rad andra överväganden. (Less) - Abstract
- Rape is a crime that in most cases occurs behind closed doors. As a consequence, the question of evidence is difficult, since often words are against words. In the vast majority of cases, there are neither witnesses nor other direct evidence that can substantiate the prosecution, meaning that the only direct evidence in many cases consists of the victim’s statement. The overall purpose of this thesis has been to examine what possibilities there are for a court to decide on a conviction in a rape cases solely on the basis of the victim’s statement.
In the legal doctrine has been discussed whether a possible requirement for supporting evidence to the victim’s statement has arisen from the Supreme Court's practice, primarily through NJA... (More) - Rape is a crime that in most cases occurs behind closed doors. As a consequence, the question of evidence is difficult, since often words are against words. In the vast majority of cases, there are neither witnesses nor other direct evidence that can substantiate the prosecution, meaning that the only direct evidence in many cases consists of the victim’s statement. The overall purpose of this thesis has been to examine what possibilities there are for a court to decide on a conviction in a rape cases solely on the basis of the victim’s statement.
In the legal doctrine has been discussed whether a possible requirement for supporting evidence to the victim’s statement has arisen from the Supreme Court's practice, primarily through NJA 2005 p. 712. Against such interpretation, stands the principle of free evidence.
This thesis puts forth if existing precedence cases from the Swedish Supreme Court with regard to the valuation of evidence supports that a victim’s statement will be enough for a court to decide for a conviction in rape cases? Further the essay has examined if how the Court of Appeal in their previous practice has evaluated evidence in rape cases, and based on that a discussion on the potential developments in the enforcement by lower courts in the light of the interpretation of the lately announced cases from the Supreme Court.
The first question has been answered primarily by studying the Supreme Court's practice and legal doctrine. The second issue has been answered through a quantitative case study that also includes some qualitative elements. What has been stated is that the Supreme Court's practice should not be interpreted as imposing a general requirement on which evidence is required for conviction in rape cases. Furthermore, it is not unbelievable that a mere victim’s statement can live up to the evidentiary requirement by attaching it to a high evidence value. On the other hand, it is not as likely that it ultimately leads to conviction because evidence evaluation consists of a number of other considerations. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/8977537
- author
- Aspelin, Sara LU
- supervisor
- organization
- alternative title
- The invisible crime
- course
- JURM02 20191
- year
- 2019
- type
- H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
- subject
- keywords
- straffrätt
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 8977537
- date added to LUP
- 2019-06-17 14:26:39
- date last changed
- 2019-06-17 14:26:39
@misc{8977537,
abstract = {{Rape is a crime that in most cases occurs behind closed doors. As a consequence, the question of evidence is difficult, since often words are against words. In the vast majority of cases, there are neither witnesses nor other direct evidence that can substantiate the prosecution, meaning that the only direct evidence in many cases consists of the victim’s statement. The overall purpose of this thesis has been to examine what possibilities there are for a court to decide on a conviction in a rape cases solely on the basis of the victim’s statement.
In the legal doctrine has been discussed whether a possible requirement for supporting evidence to the victim’s statement has arisen from the Supreme Court's practice, primarily through NJA 2005 p. 712. Against such interpretation, stands the principle of free evidence.
This thesis puts forth if existing precedence cases from the Swedish Supreme Court with regard to the valuation of evidence supports that a victim’s statement will be enough for a court to decide for a conviction in rape cases? Further the essay has examined if how the Court of Appeal in their previous practice has evaluated evidence in rape cases, and based on that a discussion on the potential developments in the enforcement by lower courts in the light of the interpretation of the lately announced cases from the Supreme Court.
The first question has been answered primarily by studying the Supreme Court's practice and legal doctrine. The second issue has been answered through a quantitative case study that also includes some qualitative elements. What has been stated is that the Supreme Court's practice should not be interpreted as imposing a general requirement on which evidence is required for conviction in rape cases. Furthermore, it is not unbelievable that a mere victim’s statement can live up to the evidentiary requirement by attaching it to a high evidence value. On the other hand, it is not as likely that it ultimately leads to conviction because evidence evaluation consists of a number of other considerations.}},
author = {{Aspelin, Sara}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Brottet ingen sett - Räcker en målsägandeutsaga för fällande dom?}},
year = {{2019}},
}