Skip to main content

LUP Student Papers

LUND UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

Quantifying Competition Damages - EU Competition Law and the Right to Full Compensation

Sahlborg Arroyo, Carolina LU (2019) JURM02 20191
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Den Europeiska Unionen utgör ett överstatligt samarbete mellan
medlemsstaterna och dess viktigaste mål är en konkurrenskraftig inre
marknad. Konkurrensrätten utgör ett vitalt verktyg för EU:s upprätthållande av konkurrensen på marknaden och genomdrivs huvudsakligen av Kommissionen. Privata sanktionsmedel, särskilt konkurrensskadetalan, har emellertid fått ökad betydelse. Denna utveckling har resulterat i Konkurrensskadedirektivet, som syftar till att harmonisera förutsättningarna för att föra konkurrensskadetalan i de olika medlemsstaterna.

Konkurrensskadetalan innefattar beräkningen av negativa ekonomiska
effekter till följd av konkurrensrättsliga intrång. Dessa effekter är dock typiskt sett svåra att uppskatta och tillskriva... (More)
Den Europeiska Unionen utgör ett överstatligt samarbete mellan
medlemsstaterna och dess viktigaste mål är en konkurrenskraftig inre
marknad. Konkurrensrätten utgör ett vitalt verktyg för EU:s upprätthållande av konkurrensen på marknaden och genomdrivs huvudsakligen av Kommissionen. Privata sanktionsmedel, särskilt konkurrensskadetalan, har emellertid fått ökad betydelse. Denna utveckling har resulterat i Konkurrensskadedirektivet, som syftar till att harmonisera förutsättningarna för att föra konkurrensskadetalan i de olika medlemsstaterna.

Konkurrensskadetalan innefattar beräkningen av negativa ekonomiska
effekter till följd av konkurrensrättsliga intrång. Dessa effekter är dock typiskt sett svåra att uppskatta och tillskriva käranden. Direktivet innehåller inte några harmoniserande regler beträffande beräkningen av konkurrensrättslig skada, utan lämnar det åt medlemsstaterna att tillämpa sina inhemska regler, så länge som principerna om ändamålsenlighet och likvärdighet tillgodoses. Kommissionen har publicerat en icke-bindande Praktisk Guide som innehåller metoder och tekniker för att uppskatta ett kontrafaktiskt scenario utan intrång, med vilket intrångsscenariot bör jämföras för skadan ska kunna beräknas. I brist på bindande regler i EU-rätten rörande beräkningen av konkurrensrättslig skada är det troligt att
nationella domstolar söker vägledning i den Praktiska Guiden.

Den här uppsatsen undersöker och utvärderar huruvida metoderna och
teknikerna i den Praktiska Guiden garanterar rätten att kräva och utfå full ersättning för skada till följd av konkurrensrättsliga intrång i termer av ekonomiska ineffektiviteter från typiska konkurrensbegränsande beteenden.

Den finner att, även om den Praktiska Guiden listar och förklarar en mängd olika metoder och tekniker för att beräkna konkurrensrättslig skada, så är lämpligheten i en given metod starkt beroende av särskilda förutsättningar. Dessa inkluderar tillgängligheten av nödvändiga data, identifieringen av relevanta faktorer som påverkar den ekonomiska variabeln ifråga, och förståelsen för marknadens särdrag som tillåter en att göra korrekta antaganden i den ekonomiska modellen.

Avslutningsvis, kan konstateras att metoderna och teknikerna i den
Praktiska Guiden inte garanterar rätten att kräva och utfå fullskalig
ersättning för skada till följd av konkurrensrättsliga intrång. Istället beror denna rätt på förutsättningarna i det enskilda fallet. Följaktligen är konkurrensrättsliga skadeståndsmål inte helt effektiva som medel för upprätthållande av konkurrensrätten. Likväl finns det ett inneboende problem med att definiera metoder som måste vara allmängiltiga nog att kunna appliceras i det givna fallet men ändå inte för vaga eller komplexa för att praktiskt appliceras. (Less)
Abstract
The European Union is a supranational cooperation between its Member States, and its main objective is a highly competitive internal market. Competition law is a vital tool in the protection of competition on the market. It is mainly enforced by the Commission. However, private enforcement through competition damages actions, has become increasingly important. This development has resulted in a Directive, aiming to harmonize the conditions for bringing competition damages action in the Member States.

Competition damages actions entail the quantification of negative economic effects from distorted competition, which are typically difficult to estimate and attribute to the claimant. However, the Directive does not provide any harmonizing... (More)
The European Union is a supranational cooperation between its Member States, and its main objective is a highly competitive internal market. Competition law is a vital tool in the protection of competition on the market. It is mainly enforced by the Commission. However, private enforcement through competition damages actions, has become increasingly important. This development has resulted in a Directive, aiming to harmonize the conditions for bringing competition damages action in the Member States.

Competition damages actions entail the quantification of negative economic effects from distorted competition, which are typically difficult to estimate and attribute to the claimant. However, the Directive does not provide any harmonizing rules on the quantification of competition damages, and thus leaves it to the Member States to apply domestic rules governing the matter, as long as the principles of equivalence and effectiveness are respect. The Commission has issued a non-binding Practical Guide, containing methods and techniques for establishing a non-infringement scenario, with which the infringement scenario must be compared in order to quantify the damage.
In the absence of binding EU law on the quantification of competition damages, and it is likely that national courts will seek guidance in the Practical Guide.

This thesis examines and evaluates whether the methods and techniques provided in the Practical Guide ensure the right to effectively claim and obtain full compensation for loss from competition law infringements, in terms of economic inefficiencies from typical anticompetitive behavior.

It finds that, although the Practical Guide lists and explains a variety of different methods and techniques for quantifying competition damage, the appropriateness of any given method depends largely on certain conditions. These include the availability of required data, the identification of relevant factors, which influence the economic variable in question, and the understanding of the market characteristics, which allows for making correct assumptions in economic modeling.

In conclusion, the methods and techniques in the Practical Guide do not ensure the right to effectively claim and obtain full compensation for loss from competition law infringements. Instead this depends on the given circumstances of the individual case. Consequently, competition damages actions as a means of competition law enforcement are not entirely effective. Nevertheless, there is an inherent problem in defining methods, which need to be generic enough to be applicable in any given case, and yet not too vague and complex to be applied practically. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Sahlborg Arroyo, Carolina LU
supervisor
organization
course
JURM02 20191
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Competition Law, EU Law, Law Regarding Damages, Law and Economics
language
English
id
8977791
date added to LUP
2019-06-25 10:20:44
date last changed
2019-06-25 10:20:44
@misc{8977791,
  abstract     = {{The European Union is a supranational cooperation between its Member States, and its main objective is a highly competitive internal market. Competition law is a vital tool in the protection of competition on the market. It is mainly enforced by the Commission. However, private enforcement through competition damages actions, has become increasingly important. This development has resulted in a Directive, aiming to harmonize the conditions for bringing competition damages action in the Member States.

Competition damages actions entail the quantification of negative economic effects from distorted competition, which are typically difficult to estimate and attribute to the claimant. However, the Directive does not provide any harmonizing rules on the quantification of competition damages, and thus leaves it to the Member States to apply domestic rules governing the matter, as long as the principles of equivalence and effectiveness are respect. The Commission has issued a non-binding Practical Guide, containing methods and techniques for establishing a non-infringement scenario, with which the infringement scenario must be compared in order to quantify the damage. 
In the absence of binding EU law on the quantification of competition damages, and it is likely that national courts will seek guidance in the Practical Guide.

This thesis examines and evaluates whether the methods and techniques provided in the Practical Guide ensure the right to effectively claim and obtain full compensation for loss from competition law infringements, in terms of economic inefficiencies from typical anticompetitive behavior. 

It finds that, although the Practical Guide lists and explains a variety of different methods and techniques for quantifying competition damage, the appropriateness of any given method depends largely on certain conditions. These include the availability of required data, the identification of relevant factors, which influence the economic variable in question, and the understanding of the market characteristics, which allows for making correct assumptions in economic modeling. 

In conclusion, the methods and techniques in the Practical Guide do not ensure the right to effectively claim and obtain full compensation for loss from competition law infringements. Instead this depends on the given circumstances of the individual case. Consequently, competition damages actions as a means of competition law enforcement are not entirely effective. Nevertheless, there is an inherent problem in defining methods, which need to be generic enough to be applicable in any given case, and yet not too vague and complex to be applied practically.}},
  author       = {{Sahlborg Arroyo, Carolina}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Quantifying Competition Damages - EU Competition Law and the Right to Full Compensation}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}