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Rätten till kollektiv förhandling – en studie om möjligheten att upphäva förhandlingsrätten genom kollektivavtal mot bakgrund av konflikten i Göteborgs hamn

Dahl, Julia LU (2019) JURM02 20192
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Den här uppsatsen är inspirerad av det kollektivavtal som ingicks av Sveriges Hamnar och Svenska Hamnarbetarförbundet våren 2019. Sveriges Hamnar hade redan ett kollektivavtal sedan tidigare. Under förhandlingarna föreslogs ett avtalsvillkor som innebar att enbart Svenska Transportarbetareförbundet, som hade träffat det första avtalet, skulle ha rätt att ingå i förhandlingar om lokala avtal. Klausulen blev aldrig en del av kollektivavtalet, men likväl väcks ett antal principiella frågor. Uppsatsen syftar till att ur ett förenings- och förhandlingsrättsligt perspektiv undersöka om det är i strid med gällande rätt att upphäva den lokala förhandlingsrätten för en arbetstagarorganisation. Den syftar också till att redogöra för grunderna för... (More)
Den här uppsatsen är inspirerad av det kollektivavtal som ingicks av Sveriges Hamnar och Svenska Hamnarbetarförbundet våren 2019. Sveriges Hamnar hade redan ett kollektivavtal sedan tidigare. Under förhandlingarna föreslogs ett avtalsvillkor som innebar att enbart Svenska Transportarbetareförbundet, som hade träffat det första avtalet, skulle ha rätt att ingå i förhandlingar om lokala avtal. Klausulen blev aldrig en del av kollektivavtalet, men likväl väcks ett antal principiella frågor. Uppsatsen syftar till att ur ett förenings- och förhandlingsrättsligt perspektiv undersöka om det är i strid med gällande rätt att upphäva den lokala förhandlingsrätten för en arbetstagarorganisation. Den syftar också till att redogöra för grunderna för kollektivavtalstolkning för att kunna undersöka om den föreslagna klausulen kan tolkas så att Hamnarbetarförbundet skulle ha avsagt sig sin lokala förhandlingsrätt.

Föreningsfriheten/-rätten och förhandlingsrätten skyddas i både svensk och internationell rätt. I den svenska rättsordningen finns relevanta regler i regeringsformen och medbestämmandelagen. På det internationella planet tillhandahåller bland annat organ som Förenta nationerna, Internationella arbetsorganisationen och Europarådet skydd. Undersökningens första del visar att regler om föreningsfrihet och förhandlingsrätt har ett nära samband. Förhandlingsrätten anses vara ovillkorlig i svensk rätt och motsvaras av en förhandlingsskyldighet. Den utgör en viktig förutsättning för att organisationerna ska kunna ta tillvara sina medlemmars intressen. Om organisationerna inte får förhandla för sina medlemmar i syfte att få till stånd en reglering av anställningsvillkoren torde dessutom föreningsrätten påverkas. Det konstateras att det mesta talar för att det är i strid med svensk rätt att upphäva den lokala förhandlingsrätten genom kollektivavtal; sådana avtalsvillkor är ogiltiga. De internationella instrumenten betonar autonomi och frivillig förhandling, vilket gör det mer osäkert om ett sådant avtalsvillkor också är i strid med den internationella rätten enligt den diskussion som förs i uppsatsen.

Undersökningens andra del består i tolkning av kollektivavtalet mellan Sveriges Hamnar och Hamnarbetarförbundet. Tolkningsreglerna finns inte i lag, i stället utvecklas de genom Arbetsdomstolens praxis. Reglerna har ingen tydlig hierarki, det är dock klart att vad parterna gemensamt avsett vid avtalstillfället alltid är avgörande. I annat fall ges ordalydelsen stor betydelse framför andra tolkningsdata. Det aktuella förslaget till avtalsvillkor konstateras ha en klar ordalydelse, vilket innebär att det ska tolkas så att Hamnarbetarförbundet skulle ha avsagt sig sin lokala förhandlingsrätt om det föreslagna villkoret hade tagits in i det slutliga avtalet. Det mesta talar dock som tidigare nämnts för att sådana avtalsvillkor inte är giltiga och det ska därför ersättas med tvingande lagregler. (Less)
Abstract
This paper is inspired by the collective agreement that was concluded between Ports of Sweden and the Swedish Dockworkers Union in the spring of 2019. Ports of Sweden was already bound by another collective agreement. During the negotiations a contractual condition was proposed which expressed that only the Swedish Transport Workers’ Union, the party of the prior agreement, would have the right to enter into local collective bargaining. The proposal was not included in the final agreement, however it aroused some questions of principle. The paper aims to examine whether a revocation of a trade union’s right to collective bargaining is in violation of applicable laws with regard to the freedom of association and the right to collective... (More)
This paper is inspired by the collective agreement that was concluded between Ports of Sweden and the Swedish Dockworkers Union in the spring of 2019. Ports of Sweden was already bound by another collective agreement. During the negotiations a contractual condition was proposed which expressed that only the Swedish Transport Workers’ Union, the party of the prior agreement, would have the right to enter into local collective bargaining. The proposal was not included in the final agreement, however it aroused some questions of principle. The paper aims to examine whether a revocation of a trade union’s right to collective bargaining is in violation of applicable laws with regard to the freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining. It also aims to describe the rules for interpretation of collective agreements in order to examine if the proposed condition would imply that the Dockworkers Union had renounced its right to local collective bargaining.

The freedom of association, or the right to organize, and the right to collective bargaining are protected under both Swedish and international law. In the Swedish legal system applicable rules can be found in the Instrument of Government and the Co-Determination in the Workplace Act. A variety of international organizations, inter alia, the United Nations, the International Labour Organization and the Council of Europe also protect these rights. The first part of the study points out that the rules regarding the two rights are closely connected. The right to collective bargaining is an absolute right under Swedish law, and includes a corresponding obligation to enter into negotiations. The right to collective bargaining is an important prerequisite for the trade unions in their protection of their members’ interests. The freedom of association also becomes affected when a trade union is not allowed to enter into negotiations on behalf of their members in order to regulate the terms of employment. The paper finds that much indicates that collective agreements which result in a removal of the right to collective bargaining constitutes a violation of Swedish law; such conditions are invalid. However, the international conventions emphasize autonomy and voluntary negotiations, which makes it seemingly uncertain whether such a contractual condition is in violation of international law as well.

The second part of the study focuses on the interpretation of the collective agreement that was concluded between Ports of Sweden and the Dockworkers Union. The rules of interpretation are not regulated by law, instead they are regulated by the precedents of the Labour Court. There is no distinct hierarchy between the rules, however it is clear that the common intention of the parties is decisive. If a common intention cannot be determined, the wording of the agreement is given a great importance over other circumstances. The paper finds that the condition, which was proposed during the negotiations, is clearly formulated. It leads to the conclusion that the Dockworkers Union would have renounced its right to collective bargaining. However, as such conditions are seemingly invalid it should be replaced with peremptory law. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Dahl, Julia LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
The Right to Collective Bargaining – a Study of the Possibility to Revoke the Right to Negotiate through Collective Agreements in Light of the Port of Gothenburg Conflict
course
JURM02 20192
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
arbetsrätt, förhandlingsrätt, föreningsfrihet, föreningsrätt
language
Swedish
id
8999085
date added to LUP
2020-01-31 07:47:19
date last changed
2020-01-31 07:47:19
@misc{8999085,
  abstract     = {{This paper is inspired by the collective agreement that was concluded between Ports of Sweden and the Swedish Dockworkers Union in the spring of 2019. Ports of Sweden was already bound by another collective agreement. During the negotiations a contractual condition was proposed which expressed that only the Swedish Transport Workers’ Union, the party of the prior agreement, would have the right to enter into local collective bargaining. The proposal was not included in the final agreement, however it aroused some questions of principle. The paper aims to examine whether a revocation of a trade union’s right to collective bargaining is in violation of applicable laws with regard to the freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining. It also aims to describe the rules for interpretation of collective agreements in order to examine if the proposed condition would imply that the Dockworkers Union had renounced its right to local collective bargaining.

The freedom of association, or the right to organize, and the right to collective bargaining are protected under both Swedish and international law. In the Swedish legal system applicable rules can be found in the Instrument of Government and the Co-Determination in the Workplace Act. A variety of international organizations, inter alia, the United Nations, the International Labour Organization and the Council of Europe also protect these rights. The first part of the study points out that the rules regarding the two rights are closely connected. The right to collective bargaining is an absolute right under Swedish law, and includes a corresponding obligation to enter into negotiations. The right to collective bargaining is an important prerequisite for the trade unions in their protection of their members’ interests. The freedom of association also becomes affected when a trade union is not allowed to enter into negotiations on behalf of their members in order to regulate the terms of employment. The paper finds that much indicates that collective agreements which result in a removal of the right to collective bargaining constitutes a violation of Swedish law; such conditions are invalid. However, the international conventions emphasize autonomy and voluntary negotiations, which makes it seemingly uncertain whether such a contractual condition is in violation of international law as well.

The second part of the study focuses on the interpretation of the collective agreement that was concluded between Ports of Sweden and the Dockworkers Union. The rules of interpretation are not regulated by law, instead they are regulated by the precedents of the Labour Court. There is no distinct hierarchy between the rules, however it is clear that the common intention of the parties is decisive. If a common intention cannot be determined, the wording of the agreement is given a great importance over other circumstances. The paper finds that the condition, which was proposed during the negotiations, is clearly formulated. It leads to the conclusion that the Dockworkers Union would have renounced its right to collective bargaining. However, as such conditions are seemingly invalid it should be replaced with peremptory law.}},
  author       = {{Dahl, Julia}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Rätten till kollektiv förhandling – en studie om möjligheten att upphäva förhandlingsrätten genom kollektivavtal mot bakgrund av konflikten i Göteborgs hamn}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}