Skip to main content

LUP Student Papers

LUND UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

Nya regler för generationsskiften i fåmansföretag - En analys av det senaste underlättandet för generationsskiften till närstående i ljuset av den historiska utvecklingen

Eriksson, Julia LU (2019) JURM02 20192
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Generationsskiften i familjeägda företag är mycket viktiga för de inblandade parterna men kan vara problematiska. För att uppnå bästa möjliga utfall vid ett generationsskifte är det viktigt att planera i god tid. Familjeföretag är ofta fåmansföretag och generationsskiften av dessa företag omfattas av 3:12-reglerna. Enligt dessa regler har det varit skattemässigt förmånligare att avyttra sitt bolag till en extern person än till en närstående, om det har gjorts genom ett så kallat trädabolag. Neutralitetsprincipen och likformighetsprincipen är viktiga i vårt skattesystem. Dessa principer har i viss mån åsidosatts i den tidigare regleringen. En undantagsbestämmelse har nu införts för att beskattningen ska ske i enlighet med dessa principer.
... (More)
Generationsskiften i familjeägda företag är mycket viktiga för de inblandade parterna men kan vara problematiska. För att uppnå bästa möjliga utfall vid ett generationsskifte är det viktigt att planera i god tid. Familjeföretag är ofta fåmansföretag och generationsskiften av dessa företag omfattas av 3:12-reglerna. Enligt dessa regler har det varit skattemässigt förmånligare att avyttra sitt bolag till en extern person än till en närstående, om det har gjorts genom ett så kallat trädabolag. Neutralitetsprincipen och likformighetsprincipen är viktiga i vårt skattesystem. Dessa principer har i viss mån åsidosatts i den tidigare regleringen. En undantagsbestämmelse har nu införts för att beskattningen ska ske i enlighet med dessa principer.

Syftet med arbetet är att utreda vad den nya undantagsbestämmelsen innebär, göra en rättsdogmatisk analys av den och framföra vilka avvägningar som gjorts vid utformandet av undantaget. Avsikten är att göra detta i ljuset av den historiska utvecklingen av beskattningen av generationsskiften.

Undantaget gäller i situationer då andelsägaren avyttrar sitt verksamhetsbolag till en närstående genom ett trädabolag. Efter fem år kommer andelarna i trädabolaget att avkvalificeras och andelsägaren kan då få en förmånligare beskattning. Tidigare var detta inte möjligt när överlåtelsen skedde till en närstående.

Vid utformandet av undantagsbestämmelsen har flera avvägningar gjorts för att upprätthålla 3:12-reglernas syfte och samtidigt främja företagande samt underlätta för generationsskiften. Det har framförts många synpunkter gällande dessa avvägningar. Majoriteten av remissinstanserna ansåg att förslaget var positivt, eftersom det skapar mer neutralitet och likformighet. Vissa ansåg dock att syftet med 3:12-reglerna att hindra inkomstomvandling åsidosatts i hög grad. Flera remissinstanser påpekade även reglernas komplexitet och att undantaget gör reglerna ännu svårare att förstå och tillämpa i praktiken. En annan synpunkt som framförts är att överlåtaren inte får arbeta kvar i verksamhetsföretaget efter överlåtelsen om förvärvaren är närstående och om karenstiden ska börja löpa i trädabolaget. Det kommenterades också att tidigare generationsskiften, som gjorts före lagens ikraftträdande, inte kan omfattas på grund av övergångsbestämmelsen.

Det finns vissa tolkningssvårigheter med undantaget. Bestämmelsen innehåller ett rekvisit som innebär att undantaget inte ska vara tillämpligt om det föreligger särskilda skäl för att andelarna ändå ska anses vara kvalificerade. Detta rekvisit leder till bristande förutsebarhet för företagarna men skapar möjligheter för lagstiftaren att låta myndigheter och domstolar tolka rekvisitet efter att lagen trätt i kraft.

Synpunkterna på avvägningarna som gjorts vid utformandet av undantagsbestämmelsen visar intressanta aspekter och att det inte är helt lätt att införa ett sådant undantag. Vissa av förslagen som framförts skulle dock bli svåra att genomföra i praktiken. Det viktigaste gällande införandet av undantagsbestämmelsen anser jag är att skapa en balans mellan att upprätthålla 3:12-reglernas syfte att motverka inkomstomvandling och samtidigt främja företagsamhet samt underlätta för generationsskiften. (Less)
Abstract
Generation changes in family firms are very important for the concerned parties but can be problematic. To achieve the best results for a generation change it is important to plan well in advance. Family firms are often close companies and generation changes of these companies are subject to certain statutory provisions. According to these provisions it has been fiscally advantageous to dispose a firm to an external party instead of a related party, if it has been accomplished through a holding company that aims to be passive. The principle of neutrality and the principle of equivalence are important in our tax system. These principles have to a certain extent been neglected in the earlier provisions. An exception has been introduced so... (More)
Generation changes in family firms are very important for the concerned parties but can be problematic. To achieve the best results for a generation change it is important to plan well in advance. Family firms are often close companies and generation changes of these companies are subject to certain statutory provisions. According to these provisions it has been fiscally advantageous to dispose a firm to an external party instead of a related party, if it has been accomplished through a holding company that aims to be passive. The principle of neutrality and the principle of equivalence are important in our tax system. These principles have to a certain extent been neglected in the earlier provisions. An exception has been introduced so the taxation can be in line with these principles.

The purpose with the thesis is to examine what the new exception means, to carry out a legal dogmatic analysis of it and to present considerations that were made when drafting the exception. The intention is to do this in the light of the historical development of the taxation of generation changes.

The exception applies to situations when the owner disposes his/her active company to a related party through a holding company, which is going to be passive. After five years the shares in the holding company will not be qualified and the shareholder can get a more advantageous taxation. Earlier this was not possible when the transfer of ownership was accomplished to a related party.

When drafting the exception some aspects had to be taken into consideration to keep the purpose of the provisions of close companies and at the same time encourage entrepreneurship and facilitate generation changes. Many comments have been made regarding these considerations. The majority of the consultation bodies considered that the proposal was positive since it will lead to more neutrality and equality. Some considered that the exception will lead to conversion of income, which the provisions of close companies aim to prevent. The complexity of the provisions and that the exception will make the provisions even harder to understand and practice were noticed by some consultation bodies. Another introduced question was that the former owner is not allowed to work in the active company after the disposal if the acquirer is related and if the qualifying period will be started in the holding company. It was also noted that generation changes that were completed before the implementation of the provisions are not included because of the transitional regulation.

There are some difficulties with the interpretation of the exception. The exception involves a prerequisite that it is not applicable if there are special circumstances that the shares would be considered to be qualified. This prerequisite leads to deficient foreseeability for the entrepreneurs, but it creates opportunities for the legislator to let authorities and courts interpret this prerequisite when the legislation is in force.

Comments regarding the considerations, that were made when drafting the exception, show interesting aspects and that it is not easy to introduce such an exception. However, some of the suggestions would be hard to carry out practically. According to me the most important point regarding the decision to implement the exception is to create a balance between maintaining the purpose of the provisions of close companies, to prevent conversion of income and at the same time encourage entrepreneurship and facilitate generation changes. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Eriksson, Julia LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
New rules for generation changes in close companies - An analysis of the latest facilitation for generation changes to related parties in the light of the historical development
course
JURM02 20192
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Skatterätt, fåmansföretag, generationsskiften, 3:12-reglerna
language
Swedish
id
8999678
date added to LUP
2020-01-31 11:35:41
date last changed
2020-01-31 11:35:41
@misc{8999678,
  abstract     = {{Generation changes in family firms are very important for the concerned parties but can be problematic. To achieve the best results for a generation change it is important to plan well in advance. Family firms are often close companies and generation changes of these companies are subject to certain statutory provisions. According to these provisions it has been fiscally advantageous to dispose a firm to an external party instead of a related party, if it has been accomplished through a holding company that aims to be passive. The principle of neutrality and the principle of equivalence are important in our tax system. These principles have to a certain extent been neglected in the earlier provisions. An exception has been introduced so the taxation can be in line with these principles.

The purpose with the thesis is to examine what the new exception means, to carry out a legal dogmatic analysis of it and to present considerations that were made when drafting the exception. The intention is to do this in the light of the historical development of the taxation of generation changes.

The exception applies to situations when the owner disposes his/her active company to a related party through a holding company, which is going to be passive. After five years the shares in the holding company will not be qualified and the shareholder can get a more advantageous taxation. Earlier this was not possible when the transfer of ownership was accomplished to a related party. 

When drafting the exception some aspects had to be taken into consideration to keep the purpose of the provisions of close companies and at the same time encourage entrepreneurship and facilitate generation changes. Many comments have been made regarding these considerations. The majority of the consultation bodies considered that the proposal was positive since it will lead to more neutrality and equality. Some considered that the exception will lead to conversion of income, which the provisions of close companies aim to prevent. The complexity of the provisions and that the exception will make the provisions even harder to understand and practice were noticed by some consultation bodies. Another introduced question was that the former owner is not allowed to work in the active company after the disposal if the acquirer is related and if the qualifying period will be started in the holding company. It was also noted that generation changes that were completed before the implementation of the provisions are not included because of the transitional regulation.

There are some difficulties with the interpretation of the exception. The exception involves a prerequisite that it is not applicable if there are special circumstances that the shares would be considered to be qualified. This prerequisite leads to deficient foreseeability for the entrepreneurs, but it creates opportunities for the legislator to let authorities and courts interpret this prerequisite when the legislation is in force. 

Comments regarding the considerations, that were made when drafting the exception, show interesting aspects and that it is not easy to introduce such an exception. However, some of the suggestions would be hard to carry out practically. According to me the most important point regarding the decision to implement the exception is to create a balance between maintaining the purpose of the provisions of close companies, to prevent conversion of income and at the same time encourage entrepreneurship and facilitate generation changes.}},
  author       = {{Eriksson, Julia}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Nya regler för generationsskiften i fåmansföretag - En analys av det senaste underlättandet för generationsskiften till närstående i ljuset av den historiska utvecklingen}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}