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Ombud för barn i vårdnadstvister? – Om inkorporeringen av barnkonventionen och rätten att komma till tals

Torstensson, Louise LU (2019) JURM02 20192
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Införandet av ombud för barn i vårdnadstvister har varit omdiskuterat under en mycket lång tid. Frågan har diskuterats av sakkunniga, behandlats i flera utredningar samt varit föremål för flertalet riksdagsmotioner. Än har frågan inte resulterat i någon ny lagstiftning.

Uppsatsens syfte är att, ur ett barnrättsperspektiv, utreda om ett införande av ombud för barn i vårdnadstvister kan stärka barns rättsliga ställning. Uppsatsen undersöker därför vilka möjligheter barn har att komma till tals i vårdnadstvister idag. Uppsatsen redogör även för reglerna om offentligt biträde i LVU och jämför reglerna med hur det skulle kunna komma att se ut vid ett införande av ombud för barn i vårdnadstvister. Vidare undersöker uppsatsen om... (More)
Införandet av ombud för barn i vårdnadstvister har varit omdiskuterat under en mycket lång tid. Frågan har diskuterats av sakkunniga, behandlats i flera utredningar samt varit föremål för flertalet riksdagsmotioner. Än har frågan inte resulterat i någon ny lagstiftning.

Uppsatsens syfte är att, ur ett barnrättsperspektiv, utreda om ett införande av ombud för barn i vårdnadstvister kan stärka barns rättsliga ställning. Uppsatsen undersöker därför vilka möjligheter barn har att komma till tals i vårdnadstvister idag. Uppsatsen redogör även för reglerna om offentligt biträde i LVU och jämför reglerna med hur det skulle kunna komma att se ut vid ett införande av ombud för barn i vårdnadstvister. Vidare undersöker uppsatsen om barnkonventionens inkorporering påverkar möjligheterna att införa ombud.

Ett av argumenten mot ett införande av ombud är att barn kan ta skada av att involveras i processen. Det huvudsakliga argumentet för ett införande av ombud är det skulle stärka barns rättsliga ställning i vårdnadstvister. Argumenten för och emot ett införande baseras på ett skyddsperspektiv respektive ett aktörsperspektiv.

Av utredningen i uppsatsen framkommer att det idag förekommer brister i barns möjligheter att komma till tals i vårdnadstvister. Bristerna resulterar bland annat i att barnens vilja inte alltid tas i beaktning, varken i beslutsprocessen eller vid beslutsfattandet. I LVU har barn en stark processuell ställning. När ett barn är föremål för ett omhändertagande enligt LVU förordnas ett offentligt biträde till barnet. Det offentliga biträdet ska se till att barnets rättigheter beaktas genom hela processen. Ett införande av ombud för barn i vårdnadstvister hade, likt det offentliga biträdet i mål som omfattas av LVU, även kunnat stärka barns rättigheter i vårdnadsmål. Ett ombud hade kunnat bidra till att barns rättigheter tas på större allvar och visas mer respekt. På så sätt går även att uppnå ett barnrättsperspektiv som kan prägla dagens vårdnadstvister. Av uppsatsen framgår även att inkorporeringen av barnkonventionen i svensk rätt skulle kunna påskynda svensk rättsutveckling på området. Genom ett införande av ombud kan Sverige säkerställa barns rätt att komma till tals, och därmed uppfylla det krav som barnkonventionens artikel 12 stadgar. (Less)
Abstract
The question of whether a legal representative for children in custody disputes should be introduced in Swedish legislation has been discussed for a long time. Despite this, the discussions have not yet resulted in any legislation.

The purpose of this essay is to, from a children’s rights perspective, investigate whether the legislation of representatives of children in custody disputes could strengthen children's legal status. This essay will therefore investigate what possibilities children currently have to express their opinion in custody disputes. Additionally, this essay also describes the legal counsel’s role in the Care of Young Persons Act (LVU). This in order to investigate the possibility to introduce a legal representative... (More)
The question of whether a legal representative for children in custody disputes should be introduced in Swedish legislation has been discussed for a long time. Despite this, the discussions have not yet resulted in any legislation.

The purpose of this essay is to, from a children’s rights perspective, investigate whether the legislation of representatives of children in custody disputes could strengthen children's legal status. This essay will therefore investigate what possibilities children currently have to express their opinion in custody disputes. Additionally, this essay also describes the legal counsel’s role in the Care of Young Persons Act (LVU). This in order to investigate the possibility to introduce a legal representative for children in custody disputes in the current legal environment. Furthermore, the essay examines whether the incorporation of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child affects the possibility of introducing a legal representative.

One argument against an introduction of legislation about a legal representative is that the children can be damaged of being involved in the custody dispute. The arguments in favor of introducing new legislation of a legal representative are that children’s legal position in custody disputes would be strengthened. A proposition has been made that the legal representative’s role should be to monitor children's rights throughout the process. The arguments in favor of and against introducing this kind of legislation are based on two different perspectives; a protection perspective and a participant perspective.

Judging by the results of my studies, it has become clear that there are limitations in children’s right to express their own opinion in custody disputes. Children’s opinions are neither considered in the decision-making process nor in the actual decision-making. When a child is being subject to care according to LVU the child is assigned a legal counsel. The legal counsel’s role is to ensure that the child’s rights are observed throughout the process. Legislation of a legal representative for children in custody disputes could, if designed similar to the legal counsels’ role, strengthen children’s legal rights. A legal representative could ensure that children’s rights are respected. A child rights perspective could, therefore, characterize custody disputes. To conclude, the incorporation of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, with its strengthened position, can result in new legislation of a legal representative. By introducing legislation of a legal representative for children in custody disputes, Sweden can ensure compliance with article 12 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Hence, a child’s opinions and its will can, and will have, an impact in both the decision-making process and in the actual decision-making. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Torstensson, Louise LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Legal representatives for children in custody disputes? – About the incorporation of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and children’s right to be heard
course
JURM02 20192
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
civilrätt, familjerätt, socialrätt
language
Swedish
id
9000385
date added to LUP
2020-02-01 14:21:56
date last changed
2020-02-01 14:21:56
@misc{9000385,
  abstract     = {{The question of whether a legal representative for children in custody disputes should be introduced in Swedish legislation has been discussed for a long time. Despite this, the discussions have not yet resulted in any legislation. 
 
The purpose of this essay is to, from a children’s rights perspective, investigate whether the legislation of representatives of children in custody disputes could strengthen children's legal status. This essay will therefore investigate what possibilities children currently have to express their opinion in custody disputes. Additionally, this essay also describes the legal counsel’s role in the Care of Young Persons Act (LVU). This in order to investigate the possibility to introduce a legal representative for children in custody disputes in the current legal environment. Furthermore, the essay examines whether the incorporation of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child affects the possibility of introducing a legal representative. 
 
One argument against an introduction of legislation about a legal representative is that the children can be damaged of being involved in the custody dispute. The arguments in favor of introducing new legislation of a legal representative are that children’s legal position in custody disputes would be strengthened. A proposition has been made that the legal representative’s role should be to monitor children's rights throughout the process. The arguments in favor of and against introducing this kind of legislation are based on two different perspectives; a protection perspective and a participant perspective. 
 
Judging by the results of my studies, it has become clear that there are limitations in children’s right to express their own opinion in custody disputes. Children’s opinions are neither considered in the decision-making process nor in the actual decision-making. When a child is being subject to care according to LVU the child is assigned a legal counsel. The legal counsel’s role is to ensure that the child’s rights are observed throughout the process. Legislation of a legal representative for children in custody disputes could, if designed similar to the legal counsels’ role, strengthen children’s legal rights. A legal representative could ensure that children’s rights are respected. A child rights perspective could, therefore, characterize custody disputes. To conclude, the incorporation of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, with its strengthened position, can result in new legislation of a legal representative. By introducing legislation of a legal representative for children in custody disputes, Sweden can ensure compliance with article 12 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Hence, a child’s opinions and its will can, and will have, an impact in both the decision-making process and in the actual decision-making.}},
  author       = {{Torstensson, Louise}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Ombud för barn i vårdnadstvister? – Om inkorporeringen av barnkonventionen och rätten att komma till tals}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}