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Riskerar barn att fara illa? - Om domstolens riskbedömning i mål om vårdnad, boende och umgänge

Tirpan, Mine LU (2019) JURM02 20192
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Samhället har ett intresse av att skydda barn från att komma till skada när de växer upp under farliga förhållanden. Barns exponering för våld och övergrepp kan få allvarliga konsekvenser för barnets hälsa och utveckling.

Bestämmelserna som reglerar vårdnad, boende och umgänge finns i 6 kap. föräldrabalken (1949:381). Barnets bästa ska vara avgörande vid alla beslut som rör barn. Vid domstolens bedömning om vad som är till barnets bästa ska det fästas särskilt avseende vid risken för att barnet far illa och barnets behov av nära och god kontakt med båda föräldrarna. Dessa omständigheter ska väga lika tungt i bedömningen.

I mål om vårdnad, boende och umgänge är det vanligt att det förekommer påståenden om att barn riskerar att fara... (More)
Samhället har ett intresse av att skydda barn från att komma till skada när de växer upp under farliga förhållanden. Barns exponering för våld och övergrepp kan få allvarliga konsekvenser för barnets hälsa och utveckling.

Bestämmelserna som reglerar vårdnad, boende och umgänge finns i 6 kap. föräldrabalken (1949:381). Barnets bästa ska vara avgörande vid alla beslut som rör barn. Vid domstolens bedömning om vad som är till barnets bästa ska det fästas särskilt avseende vid risken för att barnet far illa och barnets behov av nära och god kontakt med båda föräldrarna. Dessa omständigheter ska väga lika tungt i bedömningen.

I mål om vårdnad, boende och umgänge är det vanligt att det förekommer påståenden om att barn riskerar att fara illa med en förälder. För att en eventuell risk ska uteslutas måste en riskbedömning göras. Riskbedömningen har ett skyddssyfte och ger samhället en möjlighet att ta ansvar för barnets uppväxtförhållanden. Barn har rätt att växa upp med båda sina föräldrar och leva med sin familj. Riskbedömningen avgör emellertid när denna rättighet får begränsas i syfte att skydda barnet. Det finns inte någon standardiserad metod för hur bedömningen ska göras. I gällande rätt finner man få uttalanden om hur riskbedömningen går till och vilka kriterier som ska få betydelse. Det finns dock viss vägledning i förarbetena om vad som bör ingå i bedömningen.

Domstolen har att konstatera om det finns en riskfaktor i barnets miljö och den grad av risk som riskfaktorn innebär för det enskilda barnet i framtiden. Riskbedömningen kan leda till att en förälder med våldsproblematik bedöms utgöra en risk för barnet. Om en risk kan konstateras bör risken väga tungt i helhetsbedömningen. När domstolen gör en slutlig bedömning av barnets bästa är samtliga omständigheter, som barnets bästa inbegriper, av stor vikt.

Det finns inget tydligt svar på huruvida en konstaterad risk väger tyngre än de övriga omständigheterna i det enskilda fallet. I förarbetena och doktrinen förs en tolkning som innebär att risken att fara illa bör väga tyngre, än övriga omständigheter som barnet bästa inbegriper. Utifrån rättsfallen som uppsatsen har studerat finns det inte prejudikat på området efter 2006 års vårdnadsreform. Om en konkret risk väger tyngre än övriga omständigheter som barnets bästa inbegriper är därmed oklart. (Less)
Abstract
Society has an interest in protecting children from harm when they grow up under dangerous conditions. Children’s exposure to violence and abuse can have serious consequences for the child’s health and development.

The regulations regarding matters of custody, the residence of the child and visitation rights are found in the sixth chapter of the Parental Code (1949). The best interest of the child must be decisive in all decisions concerning children. Court assessment of what is in the best interest of the child should pay special attention to the risk of the child being harmed, as well as the child’s need for close and good contact with both its parents. These circumstances must weigh equally in the assessment.

In cases of child... (More)
Society has an interest in protecting children from harm when they grow up under dangerous conditions. Children’s exposure to violence and abuse can have serious consequences for the child’s health and development.

The regulations regarding matters of custody, the residence of the child and visitation rights are found in the sixth chapter of the Parental Code (1949). The best interest of the child must be decisive in all decisions concerning children. Court assessment of what is in the best interest of the child should pay special attention to the risk of the child being harmed, as well as the child’s need for close and good contact with both its parents. These circumstances must weigh equally in the assessment.

In cases of child custody, their living environment, and visitation rights, allegations that children are at risk of being harmed when living with a parent is common. In order to exclude potential risks, a risk assessment must be made. The risk assessment has a protective purpose and gives society an opportunity to take responsibility for the child’s upbringing conditions. Children have the right to grow up with both their parents and live with their family. However, the risk assessment determines when this right may be limited in order to protect the child. There is no standardized method for making the assessment. In current law, one can find statements about how the risk assessment is conducted and what criteria will be of significance. Also, there is some guidance in the preliminary works on what should be included in the assessment.

The Court must determine whether there is a risk in the child’s environment and the extent of the risk that is posed to the child in the future. A parent with violent tendencies can, after a risk assessment, be viewed as a potential risk to the child. If a risk can be ascertained, the risk should weigh heavily in the overall assessment in the best interest of the child. When the court makes a final assessment, all circumstances, including the best interests of the child, are of great importance.

There is no clear answer as to whether an identified risk outweighs the other circumstances in the individual case. The preliminary works and the doctrine provide an interpretation that means that the risk of danger should outweigh other circumstances, including what is best for the child.
Based on the cases that this thesis has studied, after the custody reform of 2006, there is no legal precedent in the matter. It is unclear if a substantial risk outweighs other circumstances, such as what is best for the child. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Tirpan, Mine LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Are children at risk of being harmed? - A study of Court risk assessment in cases of child custody, living environment and visitation rights
course
JURM02 20192
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Familjerätt, barnkonventionen, riskbedömning, civilrätt, våld, övergrepp, risk, fara illa, föräldrar
language
Swedish
id
9005736
date added to LUP
2020-03-19 12:46:45
date last changed
2020-03-19 12:46:45
@misc{9005736,
  abstract     = {{Society has an interest in protecting children from harm when they grow up under dangerous conditions. Children’s exposure to violence and abuse can have serious consequences for the child’s health and development. 

The regulations regarding matters of custody, the residence of the child and visitation rights are found in the sixth chapter of the Parental Code (1949). The best interest of the child must be decisive in all decisions concerning children. Court assessment of what is in the best interest of the child should pay special attention to the risk of the child being harmed, as well as the child’s need for close and good contact with both its parents. These circumstances must weigh equally in the assessment. 

In cases of child custody, their living environment, and visitation rights, allegations that children are at risk of being harmed when living with a parent is common. In order to exclude potential risks, a risk assessment must be made. The risk assessment has a protective purpose and gives society an opportunity to take responsibility for the child’s upbringing conditions. Children have the right to grow up with both their parents and live with their family. However, the risk assessment determines when this right may be limited in order to protect the child. There is no standardized method for making the assessment. In current law, one can find statements about how the risk assessment is conducted and what criteria will be of significance. Also, there is some guidance in the preliminary works on what should be included in the assessment. 

The Court must determine whether there is a risk in the child’s environment and the extent of the risk that is posed to the child in the future. A parent with violent tendencies can, after a risk assessment, be viewed as a potential risk to the child. If a risk can be ascertained, the risk should weigh heavily in the overall assessment in the best interest of the child. When the court makes a final assessment, all circumstances, including the best interests of the child, are of great importance. 

There is no clear answer as to whether an identified risk outweighs the other circumstances in the individual case. The preliminary works and the doctrine provide an interpretation that means that the risk of danger should outweigh other circumstances, including what is best for the child. 
Based on the cases that this thesis has studied, after the custody reform of 2006, there is no legal precedent in the matter. It is unclear if a substantial risk outweighs other circumstances, such as what is best for the child.}},
  author       = {{Tirpan, Mine}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Riskerar barn att fara illa? - Om domstolens riskbedömning i mål om vårdnad, boende och umgänge}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}