Uniformiteten och landgillet - en rättshistorisk studie om försvenskningen av Skåne
(2020) LAGF03 20201Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract (Swedish)
- Genom freden i Roskilde 1658 kunde Sverige tillskansa sig det tidigare danska Skåne. Fredsavtalet garanterade skåningarna rätten till, bland annat, dansk lag och tidigare danska privilegier. Statens arbete mot uniformitet i provinsen, genom att försvenska området, tog dock sakta men säkert vid, och 1683 var arbetet utfört och uniformiteten införd. Huvudsyftet med uppsatsen har varit att klargöra varför samt med vilka medel uniformiteten genomfördes i Skåne. Trots uniformitetens införande lyckades dock landgillet, som bäst kan beskrivas som en tidig dansk arrendeform, leva kvar i Skåne till millennieskiftet. Ett bisyfte med uppsatsen, mot bakgrund av detta, har varit att klargöra hur landgilleinstitutet förblev opåverkat av uniformiteten.
... (More) - Genom freden i Roskilde 1658 kunde Sverige tillskansa sig det tidigare danska Skåne. Fredsavtalet garanterade skåningarna rätten till, bland annat, dansk lag och tidigare danska privilegier. Statens arbete mot uniformitet i provinsen, genom att försvenska området, tog dock sakta men säkert vid, och 1683 var arbetet utfört och uniformiteten införd. Huvudsyftet med uppsatsen har varit att klargöra varför samt med vilka medel uniformiteten genomfördes i Skåne. Trots uniformitetens införande lyckades dock landgillet, som bäst kan beskrivas som en tidig dansk arrendeform, leva kvar i Skåne till millennieskiftet. Ett bisyfte med uppsatsen, mot bakgrund av detta, har varit att klargöra hur landgilleinstitutet förblev opåverkat av uniformiteten.
Som konkluderats av studien var försvenskningen inledningsvis viktig för att förhindra danskt inflytande i provinsen. Samtidigt var stödet för en radikal försvenskningspolitik i riksdagen litet under detta inledande skede. Under denna tid bedrevs försvenskningsarbetet främst genom förhandlingar med de skånska ständerna. Genom att staten erbjöd ständerna representationsrätt vid riksdagen i utbyte mot antagandet av bl.a. svensk lag och kyrkoskick var tanken att ständerna frivilligt skulle godta övergången. Så småningom intensifierades dock arbetet, företrädesvis genom att staten förde en aggressiv politik på personalområdet. Inte bara adelns sammansättning förändrades, även domare och borgmästare byttes ut mot svenskar.
Under och efter Skånska kriget blev den svenska statens metoder allt hårdare, och som ett resultat av kriget ökade samtidigt stödet för en radikal försvenskningspolitik. Samtidigt började utbytespolitiken på personalområdet bära frukt. Prästerskapet, som delvis stod under hot, men som också gavs garantier om rätt till gamla privilegier, blev de första att samtycka till uniformiteten. Strax därpå ansökte även borgerskapet, vars samtliga företrädare i städerna bytts ut mot svenskar, om statens tillåtelse till införandet av svensk lag och rätt.
År 1683 infördes även det Karolinska enväldet i Sverige, och genom att Karl XI (som var en anhängare av uniformiteten även som en ideologi) blev enväldig, kunde han, trots viss kvarstående opposition, driva igenom uniformiteten på egen hand. Att reformationen i Danmark 150 år tidigare inte hade inneburit en lika utbredd reduktion av de skånska församlingskyrkornas jordinnehav (jämfört med reformationen i Sverige), samt att uniformiteten som sådan inte ansågs kunna förändra äganderättsstrukturerna i Skåne, lade grunden till landgilleinstitutets överlevnad. Samtidigt spelade även det faktum att prästerskapet, genom förhandlingarna, lyckats bibehålla sina tidigare danska privilegier, en central roll. (Less) - Abstract
- In 1658, the former Danish region of Scania was ceded to Sweden due to the Treaty of Roskilde. The treaty also guaranteed the Scanian population its right to maintain their Danish law and retain their former Danish privileges. Despite this, the state soon started to work towards uniformity between Scania and Sweden by a process known as Swedification, a process which was completed in 1683. The main purpose of this study has thus been to clarify why, and how, uniformity was implemented in Scania. However, despite the introduction of uniformity, the landgille, which is best described as an early Danish form of land lease, managed to survive until the turn of the millennium. In light of this, a secondary purpose of this study has been to... (More)
- In 1658, the former Danish region of Scania was ceded to Sweden due to the Treaty of Roskilde. The treaty also guaranteed the Scanian population its right to maintain their Danish law and retain their former Danish privileges. Despite this, the state soon started to work towards uniformity between Scania and Sweden by a process known as Swedification, a process which was completed in 1683. The main purpose of this study has thus been to clarify why, and how, uniformity was implemented in Scania. However, despite the introduction of uniformity, the landgille, which is best described as an early Danish form of land lease, managed to survive until the turn of the millennium. In light of this, a secondary purpose of this study has been to clarify why the landgille institute wasn’t affected by the introduction of uniformity.
As has been concluded by this study, the initial goal of the Swedification process was to prevent Danish influence in the province. Simultaneously, the support for a radical Swedification policy in the parliament was low. During this time, the state worked primarily through the means of negotiations with the Scanian estates. By offering Scanians representation in parliament in exchange for the adoption of Swedish law and church custom, the state hoped that the estates would voluntarily agree to the transition. Eventually the process was intensified through the adoption of an aggressive state policy in the personnel area. Not only did the composition of the nobility change, also judges and mayors were replaced with Swedes.
During and after the Scanian war the methods used became rougher, and as a result of the war, the support for a more radical Swedification policy had grown. At the same time, the state’s personnel policy bore fruit. The priesthood, partly because of threats, but also by given guarantees of maintained Danish privileges, were the first to consent to uniformity. Not long after, also the towns bourgeoisie, whose representatives had all been replaced by Swedes, asked the state’s permission to introduce Swedish law and judicial system.
In 1683, Sweden saw the birth of the autocracy of Charles XI. This new reign made it possible for Charles XI, who had also been an avid supporter of uniformity as an ideology, to carry through with the uniformity on his own, despite some remaining opposition. However, the fact that the Reformation in Denmark, about 150 years earlier, had not resulted in an equally widespread reduction of the land holdings of the parish churches in Scania (compared to the reductions in Sweden), and, that the introduction of uniformity as such at the time wasn’t considered to be able to change the ownership structures, laid the foundation for the survival of the landgille institute. Another critical fact was that the priesthood, through negotiations, managed to retain its Danish privileges. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9010035
- author
- Olsson Murath, André LU
- supervisor
-
- Per Nilsén LU
- organization
- course
- LAGF03 20201
- year
- 2020
- type
- M2 - Bachelor Degree
- subject
- keywords
- rättshistoria, legal history, uniformitet, uniformiteten, försvenskning, försvenskningen, landgille, Skåne
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 9010035
- date added to LUP
- 2020-09-18 11:50:39
- date last changed
- 2020-09-18 11:50:39
@misc{9010035,
abstract = {{In 1658, the former Danish region of Scania was ceded to Sweden due to the Treaty of Roskilde. The treaty also guaranteed the Scanian population its right to maintain their Danish law and retain their former Danish privileges. Despite this, the state soon started to work towards uniformity between Scania and Sweden by a process known as Swedification, a process which was completed in 1683. The main purpose of this study has thus been to clarify why, and how, uniformity was implemented in Scania. However, despite the introduction of uniformity, the landgille, which is best described as an early Danish form of land lease, managed to survive until the turn of the millennium. In light of this, a secondary purpose of this study has been to clarify why the landgille institute wasn’t affected by the introduction of uniformity.
As has been concluded by this study, the initial goal of the Swedification process was to prevent Danish influence in the province. Simultaneously, the support for a radical Swedification policy in the parliament was low. During this time, the state worked primarily through the means of negotiations with the Scanian estates. By offering Scanians representation in parliament in exchange for the adoption of Swedish law and church custom, the state hoped that the estates would voluntarily agree to the transition. Eventually the process was intensified through the adoption of an aggressive state policy in the personnel area. Not only did the composition of the nobility change, also judges and mayors were replaced with Swedes.
During and after the Scanian war the methods used became rougher, and as a result of the war, the support for a more radical Swedification policy had grown. At the same time, the state’s personnel policy bore fruit. The priesthood, partly because of threats, but also by given guarantees of maintained Danish privileges, were the first to consent to uniformity. Not long after, also the towns bourgeoisie, whose representatives had all been replaced by Swedes, asked the state’s permission to introduce Swedish law and judicial system.
In 1683, Sweden saw the birth of the autocracy of Charles XI. This new reign made it possible for Charles XI, who had also been an avid supporter of uniformity as an ideology, to carry through with the uniformity on his own, despite some remaining opposition. However, the fact that the Reformation in Denmark, about 150 years earlier, had not resulted in an equally widespread reduction of the land holdings of the parish churches in Scania (compared to the reductions in Sweden), and, that the introduction of uniformity as such at the time wasn’t considered to be able to change the ownership structures, laid the foundation for the survival of the landgille institute. Another critical fact was that the priesthood, through negotiations, managed to retain its Danish privileges.}},
author = {{Olsson Murath, André}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Uniformiteten och landgillet - en rättshistorisk studie om försvenskningen av Skåne}},
year = {{2020}},
}