Vetorätt inom internationella organisationer - en undersökning av vetorättens definition med utgångspunkt i statssuveräniteten
(2020) LAGF03 20201Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract (Swedish)
- Internationella organisationer är ett fenomen som vuxit fram främst på senare tid. De har blivit en naturlig del av den internationella rätten och ses som väsentliga aktörer på den internationella arenan. Ett medlemskap i en internationell organisation ger en stat flera fördelar men vanligtvis innebär det även ett bortfall av statens suveränitet som ges upp till förmån för organisationens överstatlighet, något som är avskräckande för staterna. För att hantera denna situation har internationella organisationer sökt lösningar främst vad gäller deras beslutsfattandeprocesser. Olika metoder för röstning har vuxit fram för att motverka att staters suveränitet helt överges samtidigt som organisationen behåller en stor del av sin överstatlighet.... (More)
- Internationella organisationer är ett fenomen som vuxit fram främst på senare tid. De har blivit en naturlig del av den internationella rätten och ses som väsentliga aktörer på den internationella arenan. Ett medlemskap i en internationell organisation ger en stat flera fördelar men vanligtvis innebär det även ett bortfall av statens suveränitet som ges upp till förmån för organisationens överstatlighet, något som är avskräckande för staterna. För att hantera denna situation har internationella organisationer sökt lösningar främst vad gäller deras beslutsfattandeprocesser. Olika metoder för röstning har vuxit fram för att motverka att staters suveränitet helt överges samtidigt som organisationen behåller en stor del av sin överstatlighet. En röstningsmetod som används är vetorätt. Denna uppsats undersöker hur vetorätten som röstningsmetod påverkar staters suveränitet inom internationella organisationer och hur vetorätten som instrument, baserat på statssuveränitet, kan definieras.
Frågeställningen har besvarats genom en komparativ analys av hur vetorätten används och hur den påverkar staters suveränitet i tre olika internationella organisationer: Europeiska unionen, Förenta nationerna och Internationella valutafonden. Inom Europeiska unionen har alla medlemsstater vetorätt inom de beslutsfattandeprocesser där enhällighet används som röstningsmetod. Detta innebär att alla stater har möjlighet att skydda och bevara sin suveränitet, en viktig princip för att jämställa medlemsstaterna. Inom Förenta nationerna har endast fem stater vetorätt. Detta har en historisk förklaring där de fem segrande staterna efter andra världskriget vägrade ansluta till organisationen om de inte erhöll veto. Deras medlemskap behövdes för att säkerställa organisationens effektivitet. Dessa fem stater har kontroll över både sin egen suveränitet och andra medlemsstaters. Internationella valutafonden använder sig av viktad röstning och ett effektivt veto har endast uppnåtts av en stat, trots att detta inte var avsikten med systemet från början. Gemensamt för de tre organisationerna är att de stater som innehar vetorätt har god kontroll över sin suveränitet då de kan stoppa beslut som de anser är negativa och därmed skydda sig från andra staters intrång i deras statssuveränitet. Slutsatsen blir att vetorätt kan definieras som ett suveränitetsbevarande instrument inom internationella organisationer om det används på detta sätt. (Less) - Abstract
- International organizations are a phenomenon that has developed foremost recently. They have become a natural part of international law and are viewed as essential actors on the international arena. A membership gives a state multiple benefits but usually also implicates a loss of state sovereignty in favor to the advantage of supranationalism, which sometimes prohibits the states. To manage this situation international organizations have sought solutions mainly concerning their decision-making processes. Different methods of voting have developed to counteract the complete loss of state sovereignty for the members while simultaneously keeping the level of supranationalism high. One voting method currently in use is veto power. This essay... (More)
- International organizations are a phenomenon that has developed foremost recently. They have become a natural part of international law and are viewed as essential actors on the international arena. A membership gives a state multiple benefits but usually also implicates a loss of state sovereignty in favor to the advantage of supranationalism, which sometimes prohibits the states. To manage this situation international organizations have sought solutions mainly concerning their decision-making processes. Different methods of voting have developed to counteract the complete loss of state sovereignty for the members while simultaneously keeping the level of supranationalism high. One voting method currently in use is veto power. This essay analyzes how veto power as a voting method affects state sovereignty within international organizations and how veto as an instrument, based on state sovereignty, can be defined.
The subject of the essay has been researched by making a comparative analysis of how veto is used and affects state sovereignty in three different international organizations: the European Union, the United Nations and the International Monetary Fund. In the European Union, all member states possess veto power within the decision-making processes where unanimity is the chosen voting method. Therefor all states have the opportunity to protect and preserve their sovereignty, an important principle for equal treatment of the member states. In the United Nations only five member states hold the power of veto. This has an historical explanation, as the five victorious states after the second world war refused to join the organization if they did not obtain veto power. Their memberships were required to ensure the efficiency of the organization. These five states have control of their own state sovereignty as well as the sovereignty of other member states. The International Monetary Fund applies weighted voting and an effective veto has only been achieved by one member state, although this was not the intention with the system to begin with. The common characteristic within these three organizations is that the states who possess veto power have an adequate control over their sovereignty as they are able to stop decisions that are considered negative and consequently protect themselves from other states’ infringements. The conclusion is that veto power can be defined as an instrument that can preserve state sovereignty within international organizations if it is used in this way. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9010447
- author
- Persson, Alicia LU
- supervisor
- organization
- course
- LAGF03 20201
- year
- 2020
- type
- M2 - Bachelor Degree
- subject
- keywords
- folkrätt, vetorätt, internationella organisationer, statssuveränitet
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 9010447
- date added to LUP
- 2020-09-17 13:40:32
- date last changed
- 2020-09-17 13:40:32
@misc{9010447,
abstract = {{International organizations are a phenomenon that has developed foremost recently. They have become a natural part of international law and are viewed as essential actors on the international arena. A membership gives a state multiple benefits but usually also implicates a loss of state sovereignty in favor to the advantage of supranationalism, which sometimes prohibits the states. To manage this situation international organizations have sought solutions mainly concerning their decision-making processes. Different methods of voting have developed to counteract the complete loss of state sovereignty for the members while simultaneously keeping the level of supranationalism high. One voting method currently in use is veto power. This essay analyzes how veto power as a voting method affects state sovereignty within international organizations and how veto as an instrument, based on state sovereignty, can be defined.
The subject of the essay has been researched by making a comparative analysis of how veto is used and affects state sovereignty in three different international organizations: the European Union, the United Nations and the International Monetary Fund. In the European Union, all member states possess veto power within the decision-making processes where unanimity is the chosen voting method. Therefor all states have the opportunity to protect and preserve their sovereignty, an important principle for equal treatment of the member states. In the United Nations only five member states hold the power of veto. This has an historical explanation, as the five victorious states after the second world war refused to join the organization if they did not obtain veto power. Their memberships were required to ensure the efficiency of the organization. These five states have control of their own state sovereignty as well as the sovereignty of other member states. The International Monetary Fund applies weighted voting and an effective veto has only been achieved by one member state, although this was not the intention with the system to begin with. The common characteristic within these three organizations is that the states who possess veto power have an adequate control over their sovereignty as they are able to stop decisions that are considered negative and consequently protect themselves from other states’ infringements. The conclusion is that veto power can be defined as an instrument that can preserve state sovereignty within international organizations if it is used in this way.}},
author = {{Persson, Alicia}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Vetorätt inom internationella organisationer - en undersökning av vetorättens definition med utgångspunkt i statssuveräniteten}},
year = {{2020}},
}