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Vem är pappan? - Faderskapspresumtionen och dess betydelse i dagens samhälle

Hjorth, Ida LU (2020) LAGF03 20201
Faculty of Law
Department of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Det har länge funnits en faderskapspresumtion för gifta par som innebär att ett barn som föds inom ett äktenskap automatiskt anses vara avlat av mannen i äktenskapet. Är, vid ett barns födelse, föräldrarna inte gifta måste en faderskapsutredning genomföras och en fader fastställas.

Barn som fötts utanför ett äktenskap har historiskt sett inte haft samma rättigheter som barn som fötts inom ett äktenskap. Speciellt inom arvsrättens område har det funnits stora skillnader. Att fastställa vem som är fader till ett barn har varit viktigt av flera aspekter. Dels för att kunna veta vilket arv barnet har rätt till, men också för att fastställa vem som ska betala underhåll för barnet. Så småningom kom reglerna om arvsrätt för barn födda utanför... (More)
Det har länge funnits en faderskapspresumtion för gifta par som innebär att ett barn som föds inom ett äktenskap automatiskt anses vara avlat av mannen i äktenskapet. Är, vid ett barns födelse, föräldrarna inte gifta måste en faderskapsutredning genomföras och en fader fastställas.

Barn som fötts utanför ett äktenskap har historiskt sett inte haft samma rättigheter som barn som fötts inom ett äktenskap. Speciellt inom arvsrättens område har det funnits stora skillnader. Att fastställa vem som är fader till ett barn har varit viktigt av flera aspekter. Dels för att kunna veta vilket arv barnet har rätt till, men också för att fastställa vem som ska betala underhåll för barnet. Så småningom kom reglerna om arvsrätt för barn födda utanför äktenskap att ändras och dessa jämställdes med barn födda inom äktenskap.

Trots att barn födda inom och utom äktenskap idag har samma rättigheter finns det fortfarande en stor skillnad när det kommer till fastställande av faderskap. Det är endast den gifta mannen som presumeras vara fader till sitt barn. Det har flera gånger framförts förslag om att en faderskapspresumtion också borde införas för par som är sammanboende men inte gifta. Ett argument emot ett införande av en sådan presumtion är att det skulle strida mot barnets bästa i och med att faderskapsfrågan inte utreds. Att det verkligen är rätt fader som fastställs skulle därmed inte kunna säkerställas. År 2018 gjordes en utredning för att se om det fanns förutsättningar för en presumtion för sammanboende par. Något förslag på en sådan presumtion framfördes inte. Vissa förenklingar vid fastställande av faderskap föreslogs dock, bland annat en möjlighet att bekräfta faderskapet digitalt inom 14 dagar från födelsen.

Att behöva utreda och fastställa faderskapet för alla par som sammanbor anses av många vara omodernt och onödigt. Äktenskapet har inte samma betydelse idag jämfört med när reglerna om faderskapspresumtion började tillämpas. Att behandla gifta och ogifta men sammanboende föräldrar olika när det gäller fastställelse av faderskap är orimligt och uppfyller inte det tänkta syftet, nämligen att värna om barnets bästa. Det föreligger inte en större sannolikhet för att en gift man skulle vara fader till sitt barn jämfört med sannolikheten för en ogift man att vara fader till sitt. Att behandla fäderna olika endast på denna grund får anses otidsenligt och det skulle vara mer effektivt att införa en presumtion även för sammanboende par. (Less)
Abstract
There has been a presumption of paternity for a long time, which means that, when a child is born within the marriage, the husband will automatically be regarded as the father. In case the couple is not legally married at the time of the birth, the social service is obliged to investigate and determine who is the father of the child.

Children who were born outside of the marriage have historically not had the same rights as children who were born within the marriage. Especially in the area of inheritance law there have been major differences. The determination of the paternity has historically been important for several reasons. For example what kind of inheritance the child is entitled to, as well as to determine who should be... (More)
There has been a presumption of paternity for a long time, which means that, when a child is born within the marriage, the husband will automatically be regarded as the father. In case the couple is not legally married at the time of the birth, the social service is obliged to investigate and determine who is the father of the child.

Children who were born outside of the marriage have historically not had the same rights as children who were born within the marriage. Especially in the area of inheritance law there have been major differences. The determination of the paternity has historically been important for several reasons. For example what kind of inheritance the child is entitled to, as well as to determine who should be responsible to pay child support. Eventually, the regulations in the field of inheritance changed and children who were born outside the marriage were equated with children born within the marriage.

Even though children born outside the marriage today have the same rights as children born within the marriage, there is a huge difference in the process to determine who is the legal father. At present moment it is only the husband who automatically will be determined as a father to a child born within the marriage. On many occasions, suggestions have been made that a similar presumption of paternity should apply to couples that are not married but who are constantly living together. One argument against an introduction for this type of presumption has been that it would run contrary to the best interests of the child. This because of the lack of investigation about the paternity and that it would not ensure that the right father was determined. In the year of 2018 an investigation was made to see if there were prerequisites to introduce a presumption of paternity for couples who were not married but lived together. The investigation did not present any suggestion about a presumption of this kind, but some proposal of simplification regarding the determination of paternity were made. For instance, the investigation suggests a possibility to confirm the paternity electronically within 14 days from the child’s birth.

The need to investigate and determine the paternity for every couple that lives together may seem outdated and unnecessary. The marriage does not have the same meaning today compared to when the rules about presumption of paternity where introduced. Treating married and unmarried couples differently when determining the paternity is unreasonable when the couple is living together. It does not fulfill the purpose, which is to ensure the best interests of the child. There is no higher probability that the married man is in fact the father of a child born within the marriage then there is for an unmarried man being father to a child born in a non legal married relationship. To treat the fathers differently only because of this fact may be considered to be outdated and it should be more effective to establish a presumption of paternity for couples who are living together unmarried. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Hjorth, Ida LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20201
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
Familjerätt, Faderskapspresumtion
language
Swedish
id
9010608
date added to LUP
2020-09-17 20:49:50
date last changed
2020-09-17 20:49:50
@misc{9010608,
  abstract     = {{There has been a presumption of paternity for a long time, which means that, when a child is born within the marriage, the husband will automatically be regarded as the father. In case the couple is not legally married at the time of the birth, the social service is obliged to investigate and determine who is the father of the child. 

Children who were born outside of the marriage have historically not had the same rights as children who were born within the marriage. Especially in the area of inheritance law there have been major differences. The determination of the paternity has historically been important for several reasons. For example what kind of inheritance the child is entitled to, as well as to determine who should be responsible to pay child support. Eventually, the regulations in the field of inheritance changed and children who were born outside the marriage were equated with children born within the marriage. 

Even though children born outside the marriage today have the same rights as children born within the marriage, there is a huge difference in the process to determine who is the legal father. At present moment it is only the husband who automatically will be determined as a father to a child born within the marriage. On many occasions, suggestions have been made that a similar presumption of paternity should apply to couples that are not married but who are constantly living together. One argument against an introduction for this type of presumption has been that it would run contrary to the best interests of the child. This because of the lack of investigation about the paternity and that it would not ensure that the right father was determined. In the year of 2018 an investigation was made to see if there were prerequisites to introduce a presumption of paternity for couples who were not married but lived together. The investigation did not present any suggestion about a presumption of this kind, but some proposal of simplification regarding the determination of paternity were made. For instance, the investigation suggests a possibility to confirm the paternity electronically within 14 days from the child’s birth. 

The need to investigate and determine the paternity for every couple that lives together may seem outdated and unnecessary. The marriage does not have the same meaning today compared to when the rules about presumption of paternity where introduced. Treating married and unmarried couples differently when determining the paternity is unreasonable when the couple is living together. It does not fulfill the purpose, which is to ensure the best interests of the child. There is no higher probability that the married man is in fact the father of a child born within the marriage then there is for an unmarried man being father to a child born in a non legal married relationship. To treat the fathers differently only because of this fact may be considered to be outdated and it should be more effective to establish a presumption of paternity for couples who are living together unmarried.}},
  author       = {{Hjorth, Ida}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Vem är pappan? - Faderskapspresumtionen och dess betydelse i dagens samhälle}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}