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Konsumentköplagens tillämpning på hästköp

Andersson, Sofie LU (2020) LAGF03 20201
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Denna uppsats behandlar konsumentköplagens reglering av hästköp. Konsumentköplagen tillämpas vid tvister rörande köp av lösa saker, däribland levande djur, där säljaren är näringsidkare och köparen är konsument. Genom användandet av en rättsdogmatisk metod undersöker uppsatsen, utifrån ett kritiskt perspektiv, huruvida konsumentköplagens felregler är förenliga med hästaffärers särdrag.

Dagens utformning av konsumentköplagen är delvis resultatet av ett EG-direktiv från 1999. Direktivet medförde en omfattande omarbetning av lagen, bland annat infördes en rad tvingande minimiregler till fördel för konsumenten. Syftet med lagen är att utjämna styrkeförhållandet mellan den typiskt sett svagare konsumenten och den starkare näringsidkaren.... (More)
Denna uppsats behandlar konsumentköplagens reglering av hästköp. Konsumentköplagen tillämpas vid tvister rörande köp av lösa saker, däribland levande djur, där säljaren är näringsidkare och köparen är konsument. Genom användandet av en rättsdogmatisk metod undersöker uppsatsen, utifrån ett kritiskt perspektiv, huruvida konsumentköplagens felregler är förenliga med hästaffärers särdrag.

Dagens utformning av konsumentköplagen är delvis resultatet av ett EG-direktiv från 1999. Direktivet medförde en omfattande omarbetning av lagen, bland annat infördes en rad tvingande minimiregler till fördel för konsumenten. Syftet med lagen är att utjämna styrkeförhållandet mellan den typiskt sett svagare konsumenten och den starkare näringsidkaren. Bland konsumentköplagens felregler finns bland annat 20 a § som stadgar att fel som visar sig inom sex månader ska presumeras ha funnits där vid avlämnandet, och ger säljaren bevisbördan för att visa att så inte är fallet. Detta är ett undantag från den grundläggande regeln i 20 § som stadgar att säljaren ska stå för fel om köparen visar att de fanns där vid avlämnandet. Presumtionsregeln i 20 a § tillämpas inte om det är oförenligt med varans eller felets art, lagstiftaren syftar här på exempelvis färskvaror som är föränderliga till sin natur.

Uppsatsens slutsats är att konsumentköplagens tillämpning på hästköp är problematisk av två anledningar. Först och främst är hästen i egenskap av vara inte jämförlig med exempelvis mobiltelefoner eller andra massproducerade konsumentvaror. Hästar är föränderliga och påverkas naturligt av ett ägarbyte. Vidare ser styrkeförhållandet mellan konsument och näringsidkare i hästaffärer sällan ut som det typiska vid konsumentköp. Ofta är konsumenten den ekonomiskt starkare parten, vilket innebär att den obalans i styrka som konsumentköplagen avser att utjämna saknas.

Det pågår sedan länge en diskussion på riksdagsnivå huruvida regleringen av köp av levande djur i konsumentköplagen ska bestå. 2019 kom ett nytt EU-direktiv som på flera sätt ger konsumenter ett mer omfattande skydd än tidigare, men som också ger medlemsstaterna en möjlighet att undanta levande djur från konsumentköpreglernas tillämpningsområde. Det nya EU-direktivet kräver en förändring av svensk lagstiftning och regeringen har därför tillsatt en särskild utredning som ska presenteras den 1 september 2020. Hur denna lagändring kommer att påverka regleringen av hästköp återstår att se när den särskilda utredningen presenterats och riksdagen röstat om förslaget. (Less)
Abstract
This thesis addresses the regulation of horse sales in the Consumer Sales Act. The Consumer Sales Act applies in disputes regarding movable property, including living animals, when a business sells to a consumer. Through the use of a conventional legal method, this thesis investigates if the rules applicable on defective products in the Consumer Sales Act are compatible with the characteristics of horse sales.

The current Consumer Sales Act derives from an EC directive from 1999, which led to a big adaptation of the act and resulted in several minimum rights in favour of the consumer. The intention of the act is to balance the strength between the typically strong business and weak consumer. One of the rules applicable on defective... (More)
This thesis addresses the regulation of horse sales in the Consumer Sales Act. The Consumer Sales Act applies in disputes regarding movable property, including living animals, when a business sells to a consumer. Through the use of a conventional legal method, this thesis investigates if the rules applicable on defective products in the Consumer Sales Act are compatible with the characteristics of horse sales.

The current Consumer Sales Act derives from an EC directive from 1999, which led to a big adaptation of the act and resulted in several minimum rights in favour of the consumer. The intention of the act is to balance the strength between the typically strong business and weak consumer. One of the rules applicable on defective products in the Consumer Sales Act is section 20 a which prescribe that defects which occur within six months should be presumed to have existed at the time of the delivery, and gives the seller the burden of proof to show that this is not the case. This is an exception from the general rule in section 20 of the act, which prescribe that the seller is responsible for defects, if the buyer can prove that the defect was there at the time of delivery. The presumption in section 20 a of the act does not apply if it is incompatible with the nature of the product or the defect. The legislator refers to fresh products that are changeable in nature.

This thesis concludes that the regulation of horse sales in the Consumer Sales Act is problematic for two reasons. First and foremost, the horse as a product is not comparable to, for example, mobile phones or other mass-produced consumer goods. Horses are changeable by nature and get affected by a change of owner. Furthermore, the strength ratio between the consumer and the seller in horse sales are rarely the same as the typical strength ratio when a consumer purchases a product from a business. In horse sales, the consumer is often the financially stronger party, which implies that the imbalance in strength that the Consumer Sales Act intends to equalize is missing.

There is currently a parliamentary debate going on concerning whether the regulation of the purchase of living animals in the Consumer Sales Act should continue. Recently, a new EU directive came, which in many ways will provide the consumers with even more comprehensive protection than before. However, it will allow the member states to exempt living animals from the scope of the consumer sales acts. The new EU directive requires a change in Swedish legislation and the government has therefore appointed an inquiry to be presented on September 1, 2020. How this change will affect the regulation of horse sales remains to be seen when the inquiry has presented its proposal and the parliament has voted. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Andersson, Sofie LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20201
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
Civilrätt, köprätt
language
Swedish
id
9010788
date added to LUP
2020-09-21 14:04:55
date last changed
2020-09-21 14:04:55
@misc{9010788,
  abstract     = {{This thesis addresses the regulation of horse sales in the Consumer Sales Act. The Consumer Sales Act applies in disputes regarding movable property, including living animals, when a business sells to a consumer. Through the use of a conventional legal method, this thesis investigates if the rules applicable on defective products in the Consumer Sales Act are compatible with the characteristics of horse sales. 

The current Consumer Sales Act derives from an EC directive from 1999, which led to a big adaptation of the act and resulted in several minimum rights in favour of the consumer. The intention of the act is to balance the strength between the typically strong business and weak consumer. One of the rules applicable on defective products in the Consumer Sales Act is section 20 a which prescribe that defects which occur within six months should be presumed to have existed at the time of the delivery, and gives the seller the burden of proof to show that this is not the case. This is an exception from the general rule in section 20 of the act, which prescribe that the seller is responsible for defects, if the buyer can prove that the defect was there at the time of delivery. The presumption in section 20 a of the act does not apply if it is incompatible with the nature of the product or the defect. The legislator refers to fresh products that are changeable in nature. 

This thesis concludes that the regulation of horse sales in the Consumer Sales Act is problematic for two reasons. First and foremost, the horse as a product is not comparable to, for example, mobile phones or other mass-produced consumer goods. Horses are changeable by nature and get affected by a change of owner. Furthermore, the strength ratio between the consumer and the seller in horse sales are rarely the same as the typical strength ratio when a consumer purchases a product from a business. In horse sales, the consumer is often the financially stronger party, which implies that the imbalance in strength that the Consumer Sales Act intends to equalize is missing. 

There is currently a parliamentary debate going on concerning whether the regulation of the purchase of living animals in the Consumer Sales Act should continue. Recently, a new EU directive came, which in many ways will provide the consumers with even more comprehensive protection than before. However, it will allow the member states to exempt living animals from the scope of the consumer sales acts. The new EU directive requires a change in Swedish legislation and the government has therefore appointed an inquiry to be presented on September 1, 2020. How this change will affect the regulation of horse sales remains to be seen when the inquiry has presented its proposal and the parliament has voted.}},
  author       = {{Andersson, Sofie}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Konsumentköplagens tillämpning på hästköp}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}