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Batterimetaller - En rättslig undersökning i ljuset av EU-ambition om en batterivärdekedja

Frempomaa, Judith LU (2020) JURM02 20191
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
The goal of reducing carbon dioxide emissions in the world has led to increased demand for electric cars. Electric cars are seen as a key factor for the EU's transition to a climate-neutral economy. This increases the demand for the necessary raw materials for electric car batteries, which the EU wants to secure access to. To this end, the Commission has drawn up an action plan on batteries. The Battery Action Plan identifies three different ways in which raw materials are to be secured: through sustainable procurement of raw materials from the global market, through sustainable domestic production of raw materials and through increased resource efficiency and the supply of secondary raw materials. In regard to the Action Plan, an overall... (More)
The goal of reducing carbon dioxide emissions in the world has led to increased demand for electric cars. Electric cars are seen as a key factor for the EU's transition to a climate-neutral economy. This increases the demand for the necessary raw materials for electric car batteries, which the EU wants to secure access to. To this end, the Commission has drawn up an action plan on batteries. The Battery Action Plan identifies three different ways in which raw materials are to be secured: through sustainable procurement of raw materials from the global market, through sustainable domestic production of raw materials and through increased resource efficiency and the supply of secondary raw materials. In regard to the Action Plan, an overall question can be posed; "How can the measures be expected to contribute to the EU's supply of battery metals both in the long term, and especially in the short-term, where the needs are described as relatively acute?"

Against this background, the paper examines EU regulations and policies to ensure the availability of battery metals for electric cars and the importance of the lithium-ion technology for electric car batteries. Subsequently, the Swedish permit testing for mining is investigated with a focus on the Mineral Act and some of the criticisms against it. In order to be able to answer whether the probability that extraction for decision on processing concession is granted is small or large, the Chief Mining Inspectors practice is investigated. It is clear from the Chief Mining Inspectors practice that the probability is high, but that it is mainly established mining operations that have qualified.

Finally, the question of whether the Swedish regulatory framework is appropriate in relation to the EU's supply strategy in the EU is analyzed. The analysis shows that the state testing is not designed to ensure that battery metals are readily available on the market. At the same time, it can be shown that the action plan on batteries has had some impact. In light of what has emerged in Chapters 2, 3 and 4, there is still a good possibility that the measures can be expected to contribute to the EU's supply of battery metals. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Målsättningen att minska koldioxidutsläppen i världen har lett till en ökad efterfrågan på elbilar. Elbilar ses som en nyckelfaktor för EU:s omställning till en klimatneutral ekonomi. Det ökar efterfrågan på nödvändiga råvaror till elbilsbatterier som EU vill trygga tillgången på. För det ändamålet har kommissionen tagit fram en handlingsplan om batterier. Handlingsplanen om batterier identifierar tre olika sätt som råvaror ska tryggas på: genom hållbar anskaffning av råvaror från globala marknaden, genom hållbar inhemsk produktion av råvaror och genom ökad resurseffektivitet och leverans av sekundära råvaror. Med avstamp i handlingsplanen utgår den övergripande frågeställningen ”Hur kan åtgärderna förväntas bidra till EU:s försörjning av... (More)
Målsättningen att minska koldioxidutsläppen i världen har lett till en ökad efterfrågan på elbilar. Elbilar ses som en nyckelfaktor för EU:s omställning till en klimatneutral ekonomi. Det ökar efterfrågan på nödvändiga råvaror till elbilsbatterier som EU vill trygga tillgången på. För det ändamålet har kommissionen tagit fram en handlingsplan om batterier. Handlingsplanen om batterier identifierar tre olika sätt som råvaror ska tryggas på: genom hållbar anskaffning av råvaror från globala marknaden, genom hållbar inhemsk produktion av råvaror och genom ökad resurseffektivitet och leverans av sekundära råvaror. Med avstamp i handlingsplanen utgår den övergripande frågeställningen ”Hur kan åtgärderna förväntas bidra till EU:s försörjning av batterimetaller, framförallt i det mer kortsiktiga perspektivet där behoven beskrivs som relativt akuta men även på längre sikt?”

Mot den bakgrunden undersöker uppsatsen EU:s regelverk och policy för att trygga tillgången på batterimetaller till elbilar samt betydelsen av litjumjontekniken för elbilsbatterier. Därefter utreds den svenska tillståndsprövningen för gruvdrift med fokus på minerallagen och lite av den kritik som finns mot den. För att därefter analysera Bergmästarens praxis, för att kunna svara på om sannolikheten är liten eller stor att utvinning för beslut om bearbetningskoncession beviljas. Av Bergmästarens praxis framkommer det att sannolikheten är stor. Men att det främst redan är etablerade gruvverksamheter som kvalificerat sig.

Slutligen följer er reflektion över frågan om det svenska regelverket är ändamålsenligt i förhållande till EU:s strategi för försörjning inom EU. Det framkommer att tillståndsprövningen inte är helt ändamålsenligt konstruerad för att batterimetaller snabbt ska komma på marknaden. Samtidigt går det att visa att handlingsplanen om batterier har haft viss genomslagskraft. Mot bakgrund av vad som framkommit i kapitel 2, 3 och 4 så finns det ändå god möjlighet för att åtgärderna kan förväntas bidra till EU:s försörjning av batterimetaller. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Frempomaa, Judith LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Battery metals - a legal investigation in the light of EU-ambition of a battery value chain
course
JURM02 20191
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Mineral law, Environmental Law, EU-law, EU-rätt, Miljörätt, Minerallagen, batterimetaller
language
Swedish
id
9010985
date added to LUP
2021-01-04 11:47:52
date last changed
2021-01-04 11:47:52
@misc{9010985,
  abstract     = {{The goal of reducing carbon dioxide emissions in the world has led to increased demand for electric cars. Electric cars are seen as a key factor for the EU's transition to a climate-neutral economy. This increases the demand for the necessary raw materials for electric car batteries, which the EU wants to secure access to. To this end, the Commission has drawn up an action plan on batteries. The Battery Action Plan identifies three different ways in which raw materials are to be secured: through sustainable procurement of raw materials from the global market, through sustainable domestic production of raw materials and through increased resource efficiency and the supply of secondary raw materials. In regard to the Action Plan, an overall question can be posed; "How can the measures be expected to contribute to the EU's supply of battery metals both in the long term, and especially in the short-term, where the needs are described as relatively acute?"
 
Against this background, the paper examines EU regulations and policies to ensure the availability of battery metals for electric cars and the importance of the lithium-ion technology for electric car batteries. Subsequently, the Swedish permit testing for mining is investigated with a focus on the Mineral Act and some of the criticisms against it. In order to be able to answer whether the probability that extraction for decision on processing concession is granted is small or large, the Chief Mining Inspectors practice is investigated. It is clear from the Chief Mining Inspectors practice that the probability is high, but that it is mainly established mining operations that have qualified.
 
Finally, the question of whether the Swedish regulatory framework is appropriate in relation to the EU's supply strategy in the EU is analyzed. The analysis shows that the state testing is not designed to ensure that battery metals are readily available on the market. At the same time, it can be shown that the action plan on batteries has had some impact. In light of what has emerged in Chapters 2, 3 and 4, there is still a good possibility that the measures can be expected to contribute to the EU's supply of battery metals.}},
  author       = {{Frempomaa, Judith}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Batterimetaller - En rättslig undersökning i ljuset av EU-ambition om en batterivärdekedja}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}