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Betongens miljöpåverkan - En studie om betongens klimatpåverkan och branschens syn på materialet

Ekman, Linnea LU and Jönsson, Karl-Oskar LU (2020) In LUTVDG/TVBM VMTL01 20201
Division of Building Services
Division of Building Physics
Department of Building and Environmental Technology
Department of Construction Sciences
Abstract (Swedish)
Betong är ett byggnadsmaterial som har funnits och använts i tusentals år, dock i olika former
och av olika slag. Idag är betong ett av de mest använda byggnadsmaterialen, inte minst som
stommaterial vid uppförande av flerbostadshus och i konstruktioner belägna i hårt utsatta
miljöer.

Betong består i grunden av cement, ballast och vatten som beroende på sammansättning bildar
betong med olika egenskaper. I dagens betong är även tillsatsmaterial och tillsatsmedel av
olika slag viktiga, då de bidrar både till dess egenskaper och till dess klimatpåverkan.

Betongens klimatpåverkan är idag en aktuell fråga, vilket beror på att det är en stor källa till
koldioxidutsläpp. Dessa utsläpp kommer främst från tillverkning av cement och... (More)
Betong är ett byggnadsmaterial som har funnits och använts i tusentals år, dock i olika former
och av olika slag. Idag är betong ett av de mest använda byggnadsmaterialen, inte minst som
stommaterial vid uppförande av flerbostadshus och i konstruktioner belägna i hårt utsatta
miljöer.

Betong består i grunden av cement, ballast och vatten som beroende på sammansättning bildar
betong med olika egenskaper. I dagens betong är även tillsatsmaterial och tillsatsmedel av
olika slag viktiga, då de bidrar både till dess egenskaper och till dess klimatpåverkan.

Betongens klimatpåverkan är idag en aktuell fråga, vilket beror på att det är en stor källa till
koldioxidutsläpp. Dessa utsläpp kommer främst från tillverkning av cement och uppgår till 2-
3% av Sveriges koldioxidutsläpp varje år. Utsläppen sker dels under kalcineringsprocessen
och dels vid förbränning av bränslen som krävs för att tillverkning av cement [1].

Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka hur stor klimatpåverkan betongproduktionen har och vad
det finns för olika tillverknings- och arbetsmetoder att applicera och utveckla för att minimera
koldioxidutsläppen. För att få en grund och en förståelse om betong och dess tillverkning
gjordes först en litteraturstudie som sedan följdes av intervjuer med aktörer från olika delar av
byggprocessen. Detta för att få byggbranschens synvinkel på hur de arbetar med betong, hur
de ser på dess klimatpåverkan och vad som kan göras i framtiden för att minska utsläppen.

Resultatet visar på att det måste ske en rad olika förändringar i branschen för att en
klimatneutral betong ska finnas på marknaden 2030 och användas fullt ut 2045, vilka är de
mål som satts upp inom byggbranschen. Det krävs en ökad kunskapsnivå och samtidigt en
förbättrad kommunikation inom branschen för att dessa mål ska vara rimliga att nå. Förutom
detta behövs också nya metoder, tekniker och betongrecept tas fram samtidigt som branschen
måste vara villig att betala det pris som krävs för att fokusera mer på miljö- och klimatfrågor
än på tidsaspekten, vilken styr arbetet till stor del idag.

Nyckelord: betong, cement, klimatpåverkan (Less)
Abstract
Concrete is a building material that has been used for centuries, in different variants and contexts. Today concrete is one of the most used construction materials, mainly as a load- bearing material in buildings such as multi-story buildings and other constructions, as well as constructions in harsh environments. Concrete consists of cement, ballast and water which, depending on the composition, forms a concrete with unique properties. The majority of concrete produced today has a wide variety of additives added into the mixture, which enhances the concrete in different ways and has the ability to improve the environmental impact of the concrete.

The environmental impact of concrete is a highly current topic mainly because of the large... (More)
Concrete is a building material that has been used for centuries, in different variants and contexts. Today concrete is one of the most used construction materials, mainly as a load- bearing material in buildings such as multi-story buildings and other constructions, as well as constructions in harsh environments. Concrete consists of cement, ballast and water which, depending on the composition, forms a concrete with unique properties. The majority of concrete produced today has a wide variety of additives added into the mixture, which enhances the concrete in different ways and has the ability to improve the environmental impact of the concrete.

The environmental impact of concrete is a highly current topic mainly because of the large amount of carbon dioxide emissions that the production of concrete emits. Most of the emissions originate from the production of the cement, in which the carbon dioxide from the production represents 2-3% of the total carbon dioxide emissions emitted in Sweden [1]. These emissions arise mainly during the calcinations process and by the combustion of fuels that are required to operate the cement production facilities.

The aim of this paper was to examine the environmental impact of the concrete production in Sweden and which different manufacturing methods can be applied and developed to minimize carbon dioxide emissions. A literature study has been conducted to give a knowledge base of the basics of the material, interviews have also been conducted to get an insight in the reality of different sectors of the construction industry. The main goal of the interviews was to understand to what extent the usage of concrete is today, the standpoint of the industry on the issue of climate impact and what can be done in the future to decrease the emissions.

The result shows that several changes has to be conducted in the construction industry to achieve carbon neutral concrete by 2030 and to fully implemented this carbon neutral concrete by 2045 which is the aim of the Swedish construction industry. A larger knowledge base and an improved communication within the industry are the first steps required to achieve this goal. Further on new methods, techniques and concrete recipes have to be developed simultaneously as the industry has to become more willing invest in a product that has a stronger focus on environment and climate aspects rather than construction time, which is one of the main determining factors today. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Ekman, Linnea LU and Jönsson, Karl-Oskar LU
supervisor
organization
course
VMTL01 20201
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
Concrete, cement, Climate impact
publication/series
LUTVDG/TVBM
report number
5122
other publication id
LUTVDG/TVBM-20/5122-SE
language
Swedish
id
9016791
date added to LUP
2020-06-17 14:04:14
date last changed
2020-06-17 14:04:14
@misc{9016791,
  abstract     = {{Concrete is a building material that has been used for centuries, in different variants and contexts. Today concrete is one of the most used construction materials, mainly as a load- bearing material in buildings such as multi-story buildings and other constructions, as well as constructions in harsh environments. Concrete consists of cement, ballast and water which, depending on the composition, forms a concrete with unique properties. The majority of concrete produced today has a wide variety of additives added into the mixture, which enhances the concrete in different ways and has the ability to improve the environmental impact of the concrete.

The environmental impact of concrete is a highly current topic mainly because of the large amount of carbon dioxide emissions that the production of concrete emits. Most of the emissions originate from the production of the cement, in which the carbon dioxide from the production represents 2-3% of the total carbon dioxide emissions emitted in Sweden [1]. These emissions arise mainly during the calcinations process and by the combustion of fuels that are required to operate the cement production facilities.

The aim of this paper was to examine the environmental impact of the concrete production in Sweden and which different manufacturing methods can be applied and developed to minimize carbon dioxide emissions. A literature study has been conducted to give a knowledge base of the basics of the material, interviews have also been conducted to get an insight in the reality of different sectors of the construction industry. The main goal of the interviews was to understand to what extent the usage of concrete is today, the standpoint of the industry on the issue of climate impact and what can be done in the future to decrease the emissions.

The result shows that several changes has to be conducted in the construction industry to achieve carbon neutral concrete by 2030 and to fully implemented this carbon neutral concrete by 2045 which is the aim of the Swedish construction industry. A larger knowledge base and an improved communication within the industry are the first steps required to achieve this goal. Further on new methods, techniques and concrete recipes have to be developed simultaneously as the industry has to become more willing invest in a product that has a stronger focus on environment and climate aspects rather than construction time, which is one of the main determining factors today.}},
  author       = {{Ekman, Linnea and Jönsson, Karl-Oskar}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  series       = {{LUTVDG/TVBM}},
  title        = {{Betongens miljöpåverkan - En studie om betongens klimatpåverkan och branschens syn på materialet}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}