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Kan brottsprovokation bli rättvist? - En studie om hur de nationella domstolarna bör hantera brottsprovokation för att inte kränka art. 6 EKMR

Sundblad, Sofie LU (2020) LAGF03 20202
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
The purpose of this essay is to clarify how the use of police incitement should be handled in the national courts to avoid violating article 6 in the European convention on human rights (ECHR) that ensures the right to a fair trial.

The examination is based on doctrine and a case study, starting with the case Teixeira de Castro v. Portugal. In this judgement the European Court of Human Rights (The European Court) explained that the public interest of investigating a crime never could justify the use of evidence obtained by police incitement. The judgement was followed by a discussion about how police incitement should be defined and how it should be handled in court. The Swedish professor Petter Asp addresses this subject in his book... (More)
The purpose of this essay is to clarify how the use of police incitement should be handled in the national courts to avoid violating article 6 in the European convention on human rights (ECHR) that ensures the right to a fair trial.

The examination is based on doctrine and a case study, starting with the case Teixeira de Castro v. Portugal. In this judgement the European Court of Human Rights (The European Court) explained that the public interest of investigating a crime never could justify the use of evidence obtained by police incitement. The judgement was followed by a discussion about how police incitement should be defined and how it should be handled in court. The Swedish professor Petter Asp addresses this subject in his book from 2001, he presents two methods that could be used to decide if the police behavior should be defined as police incitement.
The European Court have done some clarifications in their later judgements. The court uses the substantive test of incitement to investigate if the crime should have been committed even without the provocation. The court have also clarified that if police incitement could be proven, the national courts have an obligation to take necessary measures. This can be done by excluding all the evidence from the police incitement, or a method that leads to the same result. For some time, the German court and professor Asp interpreted this to mean that compensation in form of reduction of punishment was possible. In 2014 the European Court came whit a clarification that not even a considerable mitigation of the provoked sentence can be seen as a method whit the same result as excluding the evidence. The conclusion that can be made from this is, that the use of evidence obtained by police incitement leads to a violation of art. 6 ECHR. This solution works bad in the Swedish legal system due to the principle about free use of evidence (den fria bevisföringens princip), wherefore the Swedish Supreme Court made a wider conclusion and said that there is a violation of art. 6 ECHR when the prosecution starts. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Syftet med detta arbete är att söka klarhet i hur förekomsten av brottsprovokation ska hanteras i de nationella domstolarna för att inte kränka art. 6 EKMR, som ska tillförsäkra den enskilde rätten till en rättvis rättegång. Uppsatsen är baserad på de aspekter som lyfts fram i doktrin och en rättsfallsanalys som har sin utgångspunkt i avgörandet Teixeira de Castro mot Portugal. Där slog Europadomstolen fast att allmänintresset av att utreda brott aldrig kan rättfärdiga att bevisning från brottsprovokation används mot den provocerade. Avgörandet efterföljdes av en debatt kring vad som ska klassas som brottsprovokation samt hur förekomsten av brottsprovokation ska hanteras i domstolarna. Den svenska professorn Petter Asp diskuterar detta i... (More)
Syftet med detta arbete är att söka klarhet i hur förekomsten av brottsprovokation ska hanteras i de nationella domstolarna för att inte kränka art. 6 EKMR, som ska tillförsäkra den enskilde rätten till en rättvis rättegång. Uppsatsen är baserad på de aspekter som lyfts fram i doktrin och en rättsfallsanalys som har sin utgångspunkt i avgörandet Teixeira de Castro mot Portugal. Där slog Europadomstolen fast att allmänintresset av att utreda brott aldrig kan rättfärdiga att bevisning från brottsprovokation används mot den provocerade. Avgörandet efterföljdes av en debatt kring vad som ska klassas som brottsprovokation samt hur förekomsten av brottsprovokation ska hanteras i domstolarna. Den svenska professorn Petter Asp diskuterar detta i sin bok från 2001, där han presenterar två typer av metoder för att avgöra om polisens agerande är att anse som otillåten brottsprovokation eller inte.

I senare avgöranden har Europadomstolen kommit med klargöranden. Domstolen utgår från the substantive test of incitement för att utreda om brottet skulle ha begåtts även utan provokationen. Bedömningen baseras både på polisens och den enskildes agerande. Europadomstolen har även fastställt att i de fall som det kan konstanternas att brottsprovokation skett åligger det domstolarna att vidta åtgärder. Antingen kan all bevisning från provokationen exkluderas, eller så ska liknande metoder som ger samma resultat vidtas. Länge tolkades rättsläget som så att en kompensation i form av strafflindring var möjlig. År 2014 klargjorde dock Europadomstolen att inte ens en omfattande strafflindring kan anses motsvara en metod med samma resultat som att all bevisning från provokationen exkluderas. Slutsatsen som då kan dras är att en kränkning av art. 6 EKMR kan anses föreligga först när bevisningen från brottsprovokationen används i rättsprocessen mot den enskilde. En tolkning som är oförenlig med den fria bevisföringens princip som gäller i Sverige. Varpå HD har fastslagit att en kränkning av art. 6 EKMR föreligger redan när åtal för en framprovocerad gärning väcks. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Sundblad, Sofie LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20202
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
straffrätt, brottsprovokation, Artikel 6 EKMR
language
Swedish
id
9034150
date added to LUP
2021-02-09 11:26:41
date last changed
2021-02-09 11:26:41
@misc{9034150,
  abstract     = {{The purpose of this essay is to clarify how the use of police incitement should be handled in the national courts to avoid violating article 6 in the European convention on human rights (ECHR) that ensures the right to a fair trial.

The examination is based on doctrine and a case study, starting with the case Teixeira de Castro v. Portugal. In this judgement the European Court of Human Rights (The European Court) explained that the public interest of investigating a crime never could justify the use of evidence obtained by police incitement. The judgement was followed by a discussion about how police incitement should be defined and how it should be handled in court. The Swedish professor Petter Asp addresses this subject in his book from 2001, he presents two methods that could be used to decide if the police behavior should be defined as police incitement. 
The European Court have done some clarifications in their later judgements. The court uses the substantive test of incitement to investigate if the crime should have been committed even without the provocation. The court have also clarified that if police incitement could be proven, the national courts have an obligation to take necessary measures. This can be done by excluding all the evidence from the police incitement, or a method that leads to the same result. For some time, the German court and professor Asp interpreted this to mean that compensation in form of reduction of punishment was possible. In 2014 the European Court came whit a clarification that not even a considerable mitigation of the provoked sentence can be seen as a method whit the same result as excluding the evidence. The conclusion that can be made from this is, that the use of evidence obtained by police incitement leads to a violation of art. 6 ECHR. This solution works bad in the Swedish legal system due to the principle about free use of evidence (den fria bevisföringens princip), wherefore the Swedish Supreme Court made a wider conclusion and said that there is a violation of art. 6 ECHR when the prosecution starts.}},
  author       = {{Sundblad, Sofie}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Kan brottsprovokation bli rättvist? - En studie om hur de nationella domstolarna bör hantera brottsprovokation för att inte kränka art. 6 EKMR}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}