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En skälig avvägning – Arbetsgivares och arbetstagares intressen vid verksamhetsövergång

Schellenberg, Matilda LU (2020) JURM02 20202
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
The aim of the thesis is to analyse the balance of interests in labour law regulation concerning transfer of undertakings. The thesis is based upon a new direction in the case-law of the Court of Justice concerning Directive 2001/23/EC on Transfer of Undertakings. The Court has established that the purpose of the directive is not only to safeguard the interests of employees in the event of a transfer, but to ensure a fair balance between the interests of employees and employer.

With a legal dogmatic method, the thesis demonstrates that the scope of application of the regulation has an extensive interpretation. The assessment is based upon establishing that the economic entity retains its identity. The retainment of identity is... (More)
The aim of the thesis is to analyse the balance of interests in labour law regulation concerning transfer of undertakings. The thesis is based upon a new direction in the case-law of the Court of Justice concerning Directive 2001/23/EC on Transfer of Undertakings. The Court has established that the purpose of the directive is not only to safeguard the interests of employees in the event of a transfer, but to ensure a fair balance between the interests of employees and employer.

With a legal dogmatic method, the thesis demonstrates that the scope of application of the regulation has an extensive interpretation. The assessment is based upon establishing that the economic entity retains its identity. The retainment of identity is assessed by the type of business and what parts of the business has been transferred to the transferee. The regulation secures the transfer of the employees’ employment to the transferor. The safeguarding includes rights according to terms employment shall transfer and a prohibition of dismissals due to the transfer. The protection of workers is not absolute, as the provisions include a right to make changes and dismissals on the grounds of economic, technical or organisational reasons. The regulation has also defined the employees’ interest to the employees of the transferor. Thus, the regulation does not safeguard any other employees affected by the transfer.

The analysis demonstrates that the regulation takes both the interests of the employers and employees into account, even though the regulation predominantly safeguards the rights of the employees. As regards the balance of interests by courts in individual cases, the analysis shows that the balance is not referenced concerning the interpretation of the prohibition of dismissal or the definition of a transfer. The scope of application for the balancing of interests appears to be expanding. The analysis shows that the Court of Justice has not taken the collective interests into account in the balancing of interests. Though the Labour Court appears to take collective interests into account regarding transfers. Some of the balancing of interests has mainly taken the transferee’s interests into account. However, case-law shows that the balancing has developed to be more nuanced. As the assessment does not contain clear criteria, it can enable one-sided balancing. Nonetheless, the rulings that contain a balancing of interests has an underlying sense of not interpreting the regulation too extensively. By taking the employers interest into account, the regulation of transfer of undertakings draws closer to the current direction in EU labour law. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Syftet med framställningen är att analysera intresseavvägningen i den arbetsrättsliga regleringen av verksamhetsövergångar. Arbetet har sin grund i en ny inriktning i EU-domstolens tolkning av direktiv 2001/23/EG om verksamhetsöverlåtelser. EU-domstolen har konstaterat att syftet med direktivet inte endast är att skydda arbetstagares rättigheter i samband med en verksamhetsövergång, utan också att säkerställa en skälig avvägning mellan arbetstagarnas och arbetsgivarnas intressen.

Genom en rättsdogmatisk metod, visar framställningen att bestämmelsernas tillämpningsområde har en vidsträckt tolkning. Bedömningen av tillämpningsområdet baseras på att etablera att den ekonomiska enheten har bibehållit sin identitet. Bibehållandet av... (More)
Syftet med framställningen är att analysera intresseavvägningen i den arbetsrättsliga regleringen av verksamhetsövergångar. Arbetet har sin grund i en ny inriktning i EU-domstolens tolkning av direktiv 2001/23/EG om verksamhetsöverlåtelser. EU-domstolen har konstaterat att syftet med direktivet inte endast är att skydda arbetstagares rättigheter i samband med en verksamhetsövergång, utan också att säkerställa en skälig avvägning mellan arbetstagarnas och arbetsgivarnas intressen.

Genom en rättsdogmatisk metod, visar framställningen att bestämmelsernas tillämpningsområde har en vidsträckt tolkning. Bedömningen av tillämpningsområdet baseras på att etablera att den ekonomiska enheten har bibehållit sin identitet. Bibehållandet av identiteten bedöms utifrån typen av verksamhet samt vilka delar av verksamheten som övergår till förvärvaren. Regleringen säkerställer övergången av arbetstagares anställningar till förvärvaren av verksamheten. Det inkluderar att rättigheter enligt anställningsvillkor ska övergå samt ett förbud mot uppsägningar som beror på verksamhetsövergången. Arbetstagarskyddet är inte oinskränkt, då regleringen innefattar en rätt att genomföra förändringar och uppsägningar av ekonomiska, tekniska och organisatoriska skäl. Regleringen av övergångar har avgränsat arbetstagarintresset till överlåtarens arbetstagare. Således skyddas inte andra arbetstagare som påverkas av övergången.

Analysen visar att regleringen tar hänsyn till både arbetsgivares och arbetstagares intressen, trots att regleringen till övervägande del skyddar arbetstagarnas rättigheter. När det gäller domstolarnas intresseavvägning i enskilda fall, visar analysen att intresseavvägningen inte förekommer vid tolkningen av uppsägningsförbudet eller definitionen av en verksamhetsövergång. Tillämpningsområdet för intresseavvägningen förefaller dock att utökas. Analysen visar även att EU-domstolen inte har beaktat kollektiva intressen i intresseavvägningen. Däremot framgår det att Arbetsdomstolen har beaktat kollektiva intressen i sin bedömning av verksamhetsövergångar. Vissa av intresseavvägningarna har främst tagit hänsyn till förvärvarens intressen. Praxis visar dock att bedömningen har utvecklats till att vara mer nyanserad. På grund av att bedömningen inte innefattar tydliga kriterier kan den möjliggöra ensidiga avvägningar. Likväl har målen som innefattar en intresseavvägning en underliggande mening av att inte tolka regleringen för extensivt. Genom att beakta arbetsgivarens intresse, närmar sig regleringen av verksamhetsövergångar den nuvarande inriktningen av EU-arbetsrätt. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Schellenberg, Matilda LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
A fair balance - The interests of employers and employees in the event of a transfer of undertaking
course
JURM02 20202
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
arbetsrätt, labour law, EU-rätt, EU law
language
Swedish
id
9034205
date added to LUP
2021-01-25 11:14:25
date last changed
2021-01-25 11:14:25
@misc{9034205,
  abstract     = {{The aim of the thesis is to analyse the balance of interests in labour law regulation concerning transfer of undertakings. The thesis is based upon a new direction in the case-law of the Court of Justice concerning Directive 2001/23/EC on Transfer of Undertakings. The Court has established that the purpose of the directive is not only to safeguard the interests of employees in the event of a transfer, but to ensure a fair balance between the interests of employees and employer. 
 
With a legal dogmatic method, the thesis demonstrates that the scope of application of the regulation has an extensive interpretation. The assessment is based upon establishing that the economic entity retains its identity. The retainment of identity is assessed by the type of business and what parts of the business has been transferred to the transferee. The regulation secures the transfer of the employees’ employment to the transferor. The safeguarding includes rights according to terms employment shall transfer and a prohibition of dismissals due to the transfer. The protection of workers is not absolute, as the provisions include a right to make changes and dismissals on the grounds of economic, technical or organisational reasons. The regulation has also defined the employees’ interest to the employees of the transferor. Thus, the regulation does not safeguard any other employees affected by the transfer.
 
The analysis demonstrates that the regulation takes both the interests of the employers and employees into account, even though the regulation predominantly safeguards the rights of the employees. As regards the balance of interests by courts in individual cases, the analysis shows that the balance is not referenced concerning the interpretation of the prohibition of dismissal or the definition of a transfer. The scope of application for the balancing of interests appears to be expanding. The analysis shows that the Court of Justice has not taken the collective interests into account in the balancing of interests. Though the Labour Court appears to take collective interests into account regarding transfers. Some of the balancing of interests has mainly taken the transferee’s interests into account. However, case-law shows that the balancing has developed to be more nuanced. As the assessment does not contain clear criteria, it can enable one-sided balancing. Nonetheless, the rulings that contain a balancing of interests has an underlying sense of not interpreting the regulation too extensively. By taking the employers interest into account, the regulation of transfer of undertakings draws closer to the current direction in EU labour law.}},
  author       = {{Schellenberg, Matilda}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{En skälig avvägning – Arbetsgivares och arbetstagares intressen vid verksamhetsövergång}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}