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Standardessentiella patent - en studie om förbudsförelägganden som ett missbruk av dominerande ställning enligt artikel 102 FEUF

Tolf, Christoffer LU (2020) JURM02 20202
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Förekomsten av tekniska standarder är fundamental för den tekniska utvecklingen och medför flera konkurrensfördelar. Standardisering kan emellertid riskera att vara konkurrenshämmande i samband med patentinnehavares användning av de rättsmedel som står till deras förfogande. Så är fallet när patenterad teknik implementeras i standarder och får status som standardessentiella patent. I utbyte mot den maktposition som erhålls gentemot konkurrenter åtar sig patentinnehavare att licensiera sina patent till intressenter på FRAND-villkor. Ett åsidosättande av detta åtagande genom användning av patenträttsliga rättsmedel kan hota konkurrensrätten och de fördelar som åtnjuts med standardiseringsprocesser. En balans mellan dessa intressen är således... (More)
Förekomsten av tekniska standarder är fundamental för den tekniska utvecklingen och medför flera konkurrensfördelar. Standardisering kan emellertid riskera att vara konkurrenshämmande i samband med patentinnehavares användning av de rättsmedel som står till deras förfogande. Så är fallet när patenterad teknik implementeras i standarder och får status som standardessentiella patent. I utbyte mot den maktposition som erhålls gentemot konkurrenter åtar sig patentinnehavare att licensiera sina patent till intressenter på FRAND-villkor. Ett åsidosättande av detta åtagande genom användning av patenträttsliga rättsmedel kan hota konkurrensrätten och de fördelar som åtnjuts med standardiseringsprocesser. En balans mellan dessa intressen är således essentiell.

Med en rättsdogmatisk och EU-rättslig metod utreder uppsatsen den kontroversiella frågan under vilka förutsättningar innehavare av standardessentiella patent, vilka åtagit sig att licensiera sina patent på FRAND-villkor, kan väcka talan om förbudsförelägganden utan att missbruka sin dominerande ställning enligt artikel 102 FEUF. Uppsatsen utreder i sammanhanget hur EU-domstolen har balanserat patent- och konkurrensrättsliga intressen samt hur domstolar i medlemsstaterna tolkat befintlig rättsvägledning från EU.

I Huawei-målet konstruerade EU-domstolen en förhandlingsram med ett antal steg vilka patentinnehavare måste följa för att en talan om förbudsföreläggande inte ska missbruka patentinnehavarens dominerande ställning. För att kunna försvara sig mot förbudsförelägganden med stöd av artikel 102 FEUF ställer domstolen vidare ett antal krav på licenstagaren. Missbruksbedömningen och balansen mellan patenträttsliga och konkurrensrättsliga intressen har en stark förankring i licensieringsförfarandet. Med stöd av förhandlingsramen tillåts inte patentinnehavare att använda förbudsförelägganden i syfte att uteslutakonkurrenter och begränsa den fria konkurrensen. Därutöver tillåts inte potentiella licenstagare att åka snålskjuts på patentinnehavares ensamrättigheter så att incitamenten till innovation och standardisering av teknik minskar.

EU-domstolen lämnar tolkningsutrymmen i flera avseenden. Trots Europeiska kommissionens försök att klargöra rättsläget illustrerar rättstillämpningen i de nationella domstolarna fundamentala tolkningsskiljaktigheter. Bedömningen av huruvida en begäran om förbudsföreläggande utgör ett missbruk enligt artikel 102 FEUF skiljer sig således åt mellan domstolarna i medlemsstaterna. Följaktligen balanseras patenträttsliga och konkurrensrättsliga intressen olika beroende på var talan om förbudsföreläggande väcks. (Less)
Abstract
The presence of technical standards is fundamental to the technical development and entails several competitive advantages. Standardization may, however, risk being anticompetitive in relation to patent holders’ use of legal remedies available to them. This is the case when patented technology is implemented in standards and is given the status as standard essential patent. In exchange for the position of power vis-à-vis competitors, patent holders undertake to license their patents to stakeholders on FRAND terms. A breach of this obligation through the use of patent remedies could threaten competition law and the benefits enjoyed by standardization processes. Thus, a balance between these interests is essential.

Using a legal judicial... (More)
The presence of technical standards is fundamental to the technical development and entails several competitive advantages. Standardization may, however, risk being anticompetitive in relation to patent holders’ use of legal remedies available to them. This is the case when patented technology is implemented in standards and is given the status as standard essential patent. In exchange for the position of power vis-à-vis competitors, patent holders undertake to license their patents to stakeholders on FRAND terms. A breach of this obligation through the use of patent remedies could threaten competition law and the benefits enjoyed by standardization processes. Thus, a balance between these interests is essential.

Using a legal judicial method as well as an EU legal approach, the thesis investigates the controversial issue off the conditions under which holders of standard essential patents, who have undertaken to license their patents on FRAND terms, can bring injunctions without abusing their dominant position under Article 102 TFEU. In this context, the thesis investigates how the CJEU has balanced patent and competition law interests, as well as how the courts in member states have interpreted existing legal guidance from the EU.

In the Huawei case, the CJEU constructed a negotiating framework with a number of steps which patent holders must adhere to in order for an injunction not to abuse the patent holder’s dominant position. In order to be able to defend itself against injunctions under Article 102 TFEU, the CJEU also imposed a number of requirements on the licensee. The abuse assessment and the balance between patent law and competition law interests are strongly rooted in the licensing process. Under the negotiating framework, patent holders are not allowed to use injunctions for the purpose of excluding competitors and restricting free competition. In addition, potential licensees are not allowed to free ride on the exclusive rights of patent holders so that the incentives for innovation and standardization of technology are reduced.

The CJEU leaves room for interpretation in several regards. Despite the European Commission’s attempt to clarify the legal situation, the application of law in national courts illustrates fundamental divergences of interpretation. Thus, the assessment of whether a request for an injunction trigger liability under Article 102 FEUF differs in the courts of the member states. Consequently, patent law and competition law interests are balanced differently depending on where the injunction is brought. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Tolf, Christoffer LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Standard Essential Patents - A study on injunctions as an abuse of dominant position under Article 102 FEUF
course
JURM02 20202
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
EU Law, civil and criminal procedure, Standard essential patent, standardessentiella patent, FRAND, Patent, Konkurrens, Standardisering, standardiseringsorganisationer, Huawei, Huawei-målet
language
Swedish
id
9034450
date added to LUP
2021-01-27 09:56:51
date last changed
2021-01-27 09:56:51
@misc{9034450,
  abstract     = {{The presence of technical standards is fundamental to the technical development and entails several competitive advantages. Standardization may, however, risk being anticompetitive in relation to patent holders’ use of legal remedies available to them. This is the case when patented technology is implemented in standards and is given the status as standard essential patent. In exchange for the position of power vis-à-vis competitors, patent holders undertake to license their patents to stakeholders on FRAND terms. A breach of this obligation through the use of patent remedies could threaten competition law and the benefits enjoyed by standardization processes. Thus, a balance between these interests is essential.

Using a legal judicial method as well as an EU legal approach, the thesis investigates the controversial issue off the conditions under which holders of standard essential patents, who have undertaken to license their patents on FRAND terms, can bring injunctions without abusing their dominant position under Article 102 TFEU. In this context, the thesis investigates how the CJEU has balanced patent and competition law interests, as well as how the courts in member states have interpreted existing legal guidance from the EU.

In the Huawei case, the CJEU constructed a negotiating framework with a number of steps which patent holders must adhere to in order for an injunction not to abuse the patent holder’s dominant position. In order to be able to defend itself against injunctions under Article 102 TFEU, the CJEU also imposed a number of requirements on the licensee. The abuse assessment and the balance between patent law and competition law interests are strongly rooted in the licensing process. Under the negotiating framework, patent holders are not allowed to use injunctions for the purpose of excluding competitors and restricting free competition. In addition, potential licensees are not allowed to free ride on the exclusive rights of patent holders so that the incentives for innovation and standardization of technology are reduced.

The CJEU leaves room for interpretation in several regards. Despite the European Commission’s attempt to clarify the legal situation, the application of law in national courts illustrates fundamental divergences of interpretation. Thus, the assessment of whether a request for an injunction trigger liability under Article 102 FEUF differs in the courts of the member states. Consequently, patent law and competition law interests are balanced differently depending on where the injunction is brought.}},
  author       = {{Tolf, Christoffer}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Standardessentiella patent - en studie om förbudsförelägganden som ett missbruk av dominerande ställning enligt artikel 102 FEUF}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}