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Kris och panik? - Om regeringens normgivningskompetens vid fredstida kriser

Linnér, Christoffer LU (2020) JURM02 20202
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has shed light on several constitutional regulations and issues of principle, including the question of what powers the government has to issue regulations to deal with crises. What constitutional authority to state legal provisions the government has and should have in a peacetime crisis has been discussed in part in legislative work and legal doctrine. However, the issue has seldom received such public attention or practical relevance as now. This thesis aims to examine how the government's constitutional authority to state legal provisions in peacetime crises is regulated in Swedish law. Based on previous discussion in the area and the experiences during covid-19, the thesis furthermore intends to analyze and... (More)
The Covid-19 pandemic has shed light on several constitutional regulations and issues of principle, including the question of what powers the government has to issue regulations to deal with crises. What constitutional authority to state legal provisions the government has and should have in a peacetime crisis has been discussed in part in legislative work and legal doctrine. However, the issue has seldom received such public attention or practical relevance as now. This thesis aims to examine how the government's constitutional authority to state legal provisions in peacetime crises is regulated in Swedish law. Based on previous discussion in the area and the experiences during covid-19, the thesis furthermore intends to analyze and discuss whether the regulation should be changed.

The thesis shows that the government's constitutional authority to state legal provisions in peacetime crises is set by the ordinary rules of the 1974 Instrument of government (IG). The idea with the system of so-called anticipatory statutorification is that the need to quickly state legal provisions that can arise in a crisis must be met by preparing various authorizations to state legal provisions in law in advance and otherwise through the ordinary rules of the constitution. By all accounts, furthermore the Government cannot go beyond the scope of its constitutional authority laid down in the IG with reference to the disputed principle of a supra-legal state of emergency.

A recurring matter in legislative work and the legal doctrine has been whether the existing system of anticipatory statutorification should be maintained, or whether special authorization rules should be laid down in the IG, like the ones existing for war in chapter 15 IG. The report shows that there are several challenges and shortcomings with the existing regulation and that it has been possible to see several examples of these challenges and shortcomings during covid-19. The alternatives to the existing system presented, being to introduce special constitutional provisions in various ways that give the government increased norm-setting competence in peacetime crises, would probably lead to increased efficiency in decision-making, but at the same time entail risks of excessive concentration of power for the government.

The conclusion is that even if the existing system of anticipatory statutorification contains shortcomings, as can be seen in examples during covid-19, overall maintenance of the system is likely to be preferable to the introduction of a constitutional regulation. The conclusion is made in view of the fact that major improvements can be made within the framework of the existing system and that it therefore probably is possible to achieve improved efficiency without introducing exceptions to the ordinary rules of the constitution that promote legality and popular sovereignty. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Covid-19 har satt ljus på flera konstitutionella regleringar och principfrågor, bland annat frågan om vilka befogenheter regeringen har att meddela föreskrifter för att hantera kriser av det aktuella slaget. Vilken normgivningskompetens regeringen har och bör ha vid en fredstida kris för att effektivt kunna vidta åtgärder för att stävja krisen har diskuterats en del i lagstiftningsarbete och juridisk doktrin. Frågan har dock sällan fått sådan uppmärksamhet hos allmänheten eller praktisk relevans som nu. Mot bakgrund av detta syftar denna uppsats till att undersöka hur regeringens normgivningskompetens vid fredstida kriser regleras i svensk rätt. Vidare ämnar uppsatsen att utifrån tidigare diskussion på området samt med beaktande av... (More)
Covid-19 har satt ljus på flera konstitutionella regleringar och principfrågor, bland annat frågan om vilka befogenheter regeringen har att meddela föreskrifter för att hantera kriser av det aktuella slaget. Vilken normgivningskompetens regeringen har och bör ha vid en fredstida kris för att effektivt kunna vidta åtgärder för att stävja krisen har diskuterats en del i lagstiftningsarbete och juridisk doktrin. Frågan har dock sällan fått sådan uppmärksamhet hos allmänheten eller praktisk relevans som nu. Mot bakgrund av detta syftar denna uppsats till att undersöka hur regeringens normgivningskompetens vid fredstida kriser regleras i svensk rätt. Vidare ämnar uppsatsen att utifrån tidigare diskussion på området samt med beaktande av erfarenheterna under covid-19 analysera och diskutera ifall sättet som regeringens normgivningskompetens vid fredstida kriser regleras på bör ändras.

Uppsatsen visar att regeringens normgivningskompetens vid fredstida kriser styrs av RF:s ordinarie regler om normgivningsmakten. Tanken med systemet med så kallad författningsberedskap är att det behov av att fatta snabba normgivningsbeslut som kan uppstå vid en kris ska tillgodoses genom grundlagens ordinarie regler och genom att olika normgivningsbemyndiganden förbereds i lag på förhand. Regeringen kan av allt att döma inte heller gå utanför grundlagens bestämmelser om normgivning med hänvisning till den omtvistade principen om konstitutionell nödrätt, utan är strikt bunden av grundlagens begränsningar.

Det har återkommande i lagstiftningsarbete och den rättsvetenskapliga diskussionen diskuterats ifall detta befintliga system med författningsberedskap ska bibehållas, eller om det istället bör införas grundlagsreglering som möjliggör ökade normgivningsbefogenheter för regeringen vid fredstida kriser likt reglerna i 15 kap RF gör vid krig och krigsfara. Redogörelsen visar att det föreligger flera utmaningar och brister med den befintliga regleringen och att det under covid-19 gått att se flera exempel i praktiken på dessa utmaningar och brister. Alternativen till det befintliga systemet som lagts fram, om att på olika sätt införa särskilda grundlagsbestämmelser som ger regeringen ökad normgivningskompetens vid fredstida kriser, skulle sannolikt medföra ökad effektivitet i beslutsfattandet, men medför samtidigt risker för en för stor maktkoncentration hos regeringen.

Slutsatsen är att även om det befintliga systemet med författningsberedskap innehåller brister, vilket det gått att se exempel på under covid-19, så är sammantaget ett bibehållande av systemet sannolikt att föredra framför att grundlagsreglering införs. Detta mot bakgrund av att stora förbättringar kan göras inom ramarna för det befintliga systemet och att det därför troligen är möjligt att nå förbättrad effektivitet utan att det införs undantag från grundlagens legalitets- och folksuveränitetsfrämjande ordinarie regler. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Linnér, Christoffer LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
The Swedish Government's constitutional authority to state legal provisions during a peacetime crisis
course
JURM02 20202
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Statsrätt, normgivningsmakten, normgivningsbemyndigande, fredstida kriser, författningsberedskap, konstitutionell nödrätt, covid-19
language
Swedish
id
9034573
date added to LUP
2021-01-25 12:23:16
date last changed
2021-01-25 12:23:16
@misc{9034573,
  abstract     = {{The Covid-19 pandemic has shed light on several constitutional regulations and issues of principle, including the question of what powers the government has to issue regulations to deal with crises. What constitutional authority to state legal provisions the government has and should have in a peacetime crisis has been discussed in part in legislative work and legal doctrine. However, the issue has seldom received such public attention or practical relevance as now. This thesis aims to examine how the government's constitutional authority to state legal provisions in peacetime crises is regulated in Swedish law. Based on previous discussion in the area and the experiences during covid-19, the thesis furthermore intends to analyze and discuss whether the regulation should be changed.

The thesis shows that the government's constitutional authority to state legal provisions in peacetime crises is set by the ordinary rules of the 1974 Instrument of government (IG). The idea with the system of so-called anticipatory statutorification is that the need to quickly state legal provisions that can arise in a crisis must be met by preparing various authorizations to state legal provisions in law in advance and otherwise through the ordinary rules of the constitution. By all accounts, furthermore the Government cannot go beyond the scope of its constitutional authority laid down in the IG with reference to the disputed principle of a supra-legal state of emergency. 

A recurring matter in legislative work and the legal doctrine has been whether the existing system of anticipatory statutorification should be maintained, or whether special authorization rules should be laid down in the IG, like the ones existing for war in chapter 15 IG. The report shows that there are several challenges and shortcomings with the existing regulation and that it has been possible to see several examples of these challenges and shortcomings during covid-19. The alternatives to the existing system presented, being to introduce special constitutional provisions in various ways that give the government increased norm-setting competence in peacetime crises, would probably lead to increased efficiency in decision-making, but at the same time entail risks of excessive concentration of power for the government.

The conclusion is that even if the existing system of anticipatory statutorification contains shortcomings, as can be seen in examples during covid-19, overall maintenance of the system is likely to be preferable to the introduction of a constitutional regulation. The conclusion is made in view of the fact that major improvements can be made within the framework of the existing system and that it therefore probably is possible to achieve improved efficiency without introducing exceptions to the ordinary rules of the constitution that promote legality and popular sovereignty.}},
  author       = {{Linnér, Christoffer}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Kris och panik? - Om regeringens normgivningskompetens vid fredstida kriser}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}