Skip to main content

LUP Student Papers

LUND UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

Skyddsvärdhet, egenvärde och trygghet: En studie om hur barns rättigheter konstrueras i vårdnadstvister

Frisk, Moa LU (2020) JURM02 20202
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Barnets ställning i det svenska samhället har under de senaste århundradena utvecklats från en obetydlig människa till en individ som spelar en stor roll i människors liv. Denna utveckling är ett exempel på hur mänskliga relationer och sociala processer påverkar hur man ser på olika individer i samhället. Utvecklingen skulle också kunna ses som en bidragande orsak till varför vårdnadstvister har ökat de senaste åren. En vårdnadstvist består helt och hållet av frågor som ”rör barnet” vilket innebär att de rättigheter som stadgas i föräldrabalken och barnkonventionen aktiveras. Dessa rättigheter spelar en stor roll för hur barnets framtid ser ut. Hur rättigheterna konstrueras i rättskällorna har därmed stor betydelse för det enskilda barnet.... (More)
Barnets ställning i det svenska samhället har under de senaste århundradena utvecklats från en obetydlig människa till en individ som spelar en stor roll i människors liv. Denna utveckling är ett exempel på hur mänskliga relationer och sociala processer påverkar hur man ser på olika individer i samhället. Utvecklingen skulle också kunna ses som en bidragande orsak till varför vårdnadstvister har ökat de senaste åren. En vårdnadstvist består helt och hållet av frågor som ”rör barnet” vilket innebär att de rättigheter som stadgas i föräldrabalken och barnkonventionen aktiveras. Dessa rättigheter spelar en stor roll för hur barnets framtid ser ut. Hur rättigheterna konstrueras i rättskällorna har därmed stor betydelse för det enskilda barnet. Jag har delat in de rättigheter som aktiveras vid en vårdnadstvist i tre rättighetsgrupper: barnets skyddsvärdhet, barnets egenvärde och barnets rätt till trygghet. I barnets skyddsvärdhet inkluderas bl.a. barnets rätt till skydd från övergrepp – både fysiska och psykiska. Uppsatsen kommer dock fram till att diskursen i rättskällorna och även i rättsfallen främst kretsar kring det fysiska våldet, vilket kan leda till att barns psykiska mående hamnar i skymundan. Barnets egenvärde handlar bl.a. om barnets rätt att komma till tals och få sina åsikter beaktade. I förarbetena till dagens lagstiftning beskrivs vikten av att rättstillämpningen anlägger ett barnperspektiv. Att barnet får ta plats i processen är en del av barnperspektivet. Emellertid visar denna uppsats att en föreställning om att barnets autonomitet blir godtagbar för rätten först vid tolv års ålder fortfarande kan skönjas i förarbeten och rättstillämpning. Detta ifrågasätts i uppsatsen eftersom jag menar att barn besitter autonomitet i olika former från en mycket låg ålder, och att det snarare handlar om förmågan att tolka barnets signaler för att ge barnet en röst. Den sista rättighetsgruppen som presenteras handlar om barnets rätt till trygghet. Utredningen av denna rättighet visar att ett barns trygghet i mångt och mycket beror på föräldrarnas förmåga att tillgodose barnets behov. Emellertid kan denna rättighet feltolkas, så att det i en vårdnadstvist snarare handlar om föräldrarnas vilja att umgås med sina barn än barnets rätt att umgås med sina föräldrar. Inom rättstillämpningen tar sig dessa rättighetsgrupper i uttryck på olika sätt. Analysen av de rättsfall som presenteras i uppsatsen visar att rättens primära fokus ligger på föräldrarnas situation: deras förmåga att samarbeta, deras bakgrund, deras partners och så vidare, istället för på barnets situation. (Less)
Abstract
In the last centuries, the child´s position in society has evolved from being seen as an insignificant human being to an individual that plays an important role in people’s lives. This development is an example of how social processes and human relations play part in how we see different people in society. The custody disputes in Sweden has increased over the past years. The evolvement of the child’s higher position in society could be one explanation for why that is the case. When a child is in the centre of a custody dispute, certain rights of the child are “activated” since it is a typical issue that concerns the child. These rights are stated in the Parental code and in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. In this... (More)
In the last centuries, the child´s position in society has evolved from being seen as an insignificant human being to an individual that plays an important role in people’s lives. This development is an example of how social processes and human relations play part in how we see different people in society. The custody disputes in Sweden has increased over the past years. The evolvement of the child’s higher position in society could be one explanation for why that is the case. When a child is in the centre of a custody dispute, certain rights of the child are “activated” since it is a typical issue that concerns the child. These rights are stated in the Parental code and in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. In this thesis, I examine the sources of law to distinguish how the rights of the child are constructed in custody disputes. I divide the rights of the child into three groups: the values worthy of protection of the child, the intrinsic values of the child and the child’s right to security. Each group contains several rights of the child. The values worthy of protection of the child focuses on how to protect the child from external threats. One of the results of this thesis shows that the discourse in the sources of law mainly focuses on physical violence, while psychological violence is neglected. The intrinsic values of the child revolve around the right to express its views on matters that concerns the child. In the sources of law that are examined in this thesis the main goal is to take on the perspective of the child. The right to be heard plays a big role in the perspective of the child. However, this thesis shows a notion that the autonomy of the child is assent to by the Court only when the child has reached twelve years of age still can be discerned in the legal documents. This is problematic since, in my opinion, also smaller children have a greater autonomy than the sources of law give them credit for. The problem is rather the adult’s ability to listen and perceive the autonomy of the child. The last group of rights examined in this thesis is the child’s right to security. The thesis shows that a child’s security depends on the parent’s ability to see to the needs of the child. However, this right can be misinterpreted to revolve around the parent´s wish to spend time with the child and not the child’s right to have its needs fulfilled by their parents. These three groups of rights are constructed in different ways in the application of law. The analysis of six cases in this thesis shows that the Courts main focus lies on the situation of the parents, not on the child. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Frisk, Moa LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
The rights if the child in custody disputes
course
JURM02 20202
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
familjerätt, barns rättigheter, vårdnadstvister, diskursanalys, socialkonstruktivism, rättighetsgrupper
language
Swedish
id
9034579
date added to LUP
2021-01-21 15:07:49
date last changed
2021-01-21 15:07:49
@misc{9034579,
  abstract     = {{In the last centuries, the child´s position in society has evolved from being seen as an insignificant human being to an individual that plays an important role in people’s lives. This development is an example of how social processes and human relations play part in how we see different people in society. The custody disputes in Sweden has increased over the past years. The evolvement of the child’s higher position in society could be one explanation for why that is the case. When a child is in the centre of a custody dispute, certain rights of the child are “activated” since it is a typical issue that concerns the child. These rights are stated in the Parental code and in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. In this thesis, I examine the sources of law to distinguish how the rights of the child are constructed in custody disputes. I divide the rights of the child into three groups: the values worthy of protection of the child, the intrinsic values of the child and the child’s right to security. Each group contains several rights of the child. The values worthy of protection of the child focuses on how to protect the child from external threats. One of the results of this thesis shows that the discourse in the sources of law mainly focuses on physical violence, while psychological violence is neglected. The intrinsic values of the child revolve around the right to express its views on matters that concerns the child. In the sources of law that are examined in this thesis the main goal is to take on the perspective of the child. The right to be heard plays a big role in the perspective of the child. However, this thesis shows a notion that the autonomy of the child is assent to by the Court only when the child has reached twelve years of age still can be discerned in the legal documents. This is problematic since, in my opinion, also smaller children have a greater autonomy than the sources of law give them credit for. The problem is rather the adult’s ability to listen and perceive the autonomy of the child. The last group of rights examined in this thesis is the child’s right to security. The thesis shows that a child’s security depends on the parent’s ability to see to the needs of the child. However, this right can be misinterpreted to revolve around the parent´s wish to spend time with the child and not the child’s right to have its needs fulfilled by their parents. These three groups of rights are constructed in different ways in the application of law. The analysis of six cases in this thesis shows that the Courts main focus lies on the situation of the parents, not on the child.}},
  author       = {{Frisk, Moa}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Skyddsvärdhet, egenvärde och trygghet: En studie om hur barns rättigheter konstrueras i vårdnadstvister}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}