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Straffbarhetsåldern - och hur den inverkar på särbehandlingen av unga lagöverträdare

Andersson, Caroline LU (2020) JURM02 20202
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
The age of criminal responsibility, which is the age of 15 in Sweden, is the dividing line between children and adults within the penal law system. Since 1902 the age has been unchanged. However, changes has been and currently are much debated. The motives behind the age of criminal responsibility is characterized by specific prevention, especially treatment of young offenders. Children below the age of 15 is not considered to have reached the level of maturity to be able to receive criminal penalty.

The purpose of this essay is to examine wheatear the age of criminal responsibility is at an appropriate level and is well adapted to its purpose. Furthermore the purpose is to analyze how the age of criminal responsibility corresponds to... (More)
The age of criminal responsibility, which is the age of 15 in Sweden, is the dividing line between children and adults within the penal law system. Since 1902 the age has been unchanged. However, changes has been and currently are much debated. The motives behind the age of criminal responsibility is characterized by specific prevention, especially treatment of young offenders. Children below the age of 15 is not considered to have reached the level of maturity to be able to receive criminal penalty.

The purpose of this essay is to examine wheatear the age of criminal responsibility is at an appropriate level and is well adapted to its purpose. Furthermore the purpose is to analyze how the age of criminal responsibility corresponds to the special treatment of juvenile offenders. The perspectives of penal theory such as proportionality, equal treatment, justice and humanity are the basis for which the age of criminal responsibility as well as the special treatment of juvenile offenders lies on. Particularly, according to me, the individual prevention by rehabilitation and humanity are the most influential perspectives for the development within the field of juvenile offenders.

A person committing a crime before the age of 21 will be treated differently than an adult offender. The age of criminal responsibility divides young offenders in two groups which influence the choice of sentence and the meting out of punishment. Juveniles should not receive too radical proceedings when convicted, instead juveniles should be treated with more caring measures, such as custodial sanctions or particular juvenile sanctions, which instead will lead to growth of the juvenile. The special treatment of juveniles are founded on assumptions that they do not have a developed sense of responsibility, that they are more sensitive to punishment and that they should be treated with more permissiveness.

The Committee on the Rights of the Children monitor and report on the implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Children, which has announced that the age of criminal responsibility should not be set below the age of twelve. A shorter comparative section is included in the essay to compare other countries solutions regarding the age of criminal responsibility. A couple of years ago Denmark choose the lower the age of criminal responsibility to be able to meet juvenile offenders with more severely consequences. Shortly after the age was lowered, it was raised to its former level since the change hadn’t led to the desired outcome. The country in Europe which has the lowest age of criminal responsibility is England, with the age of ten, for which they have received severe criticism. Hence, in regards to the UN, to Denmark and to England, it’s interesting to include a comparative expansion. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
I straffrättsligt hänseende är straffbarhetsåldern den gräns som skiljer barn från vuxna vilket i Sverige är 15 år. Straffbarhetsåldern har sedan år 1902 förblivit oförändrad trots att ändringar både varit och fortfarande är omdiskuterat. Motiven bakom straffbarhetsåldern präglas av individualpreventiva straffteorier, främst behandlingstanken. Barn under 15 år anses inte uppnått den mognadsnivå som krävs för att dömas till straffrättsliga påföljder för sina genomförda brottsliga handlingar.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka om straffbarhetsåldern är ändamålsenligt utformad ur ett straffteoretiskt perspektiv. I syftet ingår att utreda motiven bakom straffbarhetsåldern samt undersöka om motiven överensstämmer med särbehandlingen... (More)
I straffrättsligt hänseende är straffbarhetsåldern den gräns som skiljer barn från vuxna vilket i Sverige är 15 år. Straffbarhetsåldern har sedan år 1902 förblivit oförändrad trots att ändringar både varit och fortfarande är omdiskuterat. Motiven bakom straffbarhetsåldern präglas av individualpreventiva straffteorier, främst behandlingstanken. Barn under 15 år anses inte uppnått den mognadsnivå som krävs för att dömas till straffrättsliga påföljder för sina genomförda brottsliga handlingar.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka om straffbarhetsåldern är ändamålsenligt utformad ur ett straffteoretiskt perspektiv. I syftet ingår att utreda motiven bakom straffbarhetsåldern samt undersöka om motiven överensstämmer med särbehandlingen av unga lagöverträdare. De straffteoretiska principerna som dels tydligt präglar både straffbarhetsåldern och särbehandlingen av unga lagöverträdare, dels ligger till grund för uppsatsen är proportionalitetsprincipen, likabehandlingsprincipen, rättviseprincipen och humanitetsprincipen. Enligt min mening är humanitetsprincipen, som även inrymmer behandlingstanken vilken fokuserar framåtblickande på lagöverträdare, den mest inflytelserika principen för den historiska utvecklingen av straffbarhetsåldern och särbehandlingen av unga lagöverträdare.

Ungdomar upp till och med 20 år särbehandlas i den svenska straffrätten och straffbarhetsåldern är gränsdragningen mellan barn och ungdomar vilket kommer till uttryck i exempelvis valet av påföljd och straffmätning. Precis som debatten om straffbarhetsåldern präglas särbehandlingens utveckling av behandlingsbehovet för unga lagöverträdare. Barn skall inte straffas med för ingripande åtgärder, utan skall istället behandlas med vårdande åtgärder vilket bidrar till utveckling. Ungdomars outvecklade ansvarsförmåga, större sanktionskänslighet och behov av större tolerans är aspekter som påverkar särbehandlingen.

FN:s barnrättskommitté menar att straffbarhetsåldern inte bör understiga tolv år. En mindre komparativ studie har gjorts i uppsatsen i syfte att jämföra andra länders lösningar angående straffbarhetsåldern med Sverige. Trots att barnrättskommittén tydligt uttrycker att det är önskvärt med en högre straffbarhetsålder valde Danmark år 2010 att sänka sin straffbarhetsålder för att bemöta unga lagöverträdare med hårdare konsekvenser. Kort efter att Danmark sänkt straffbarhetsåldern höjdes den åter till tidigare nivå då sänkningen inte lett till önskad effekt. England har Europas lägsta straffbarhetsålder på tio år mot vilket har riktats skarp kritik. Därav är det, med utgångspunkt i FN:s barnkonvention, Danmark samt Englands straffbarhetsålder, intressant att göra en komparativ utvidgning. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Andersson, Caroline LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
The age of criminal responsibility - and how it applies on the special treatment of young offenders
course
JURM02 20202
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
straffrätt, straffbarhetsålder, unga lagöverträdare
language
Swedish
id
9034601
date added to LUP
2021-01-25 12:22:37
date last changed
2021-01-25 12:22:37
@misc{9034601,
  abstract     = {{The age of criminal responsibility, which is the age of 15 in Sweden, is the dividing line between children and adults within the penal law system. Since 1902 the age has been unchanged. However, changes has been and currently are much debated. The motives behind the age of criminal responsibility is characterized by specific prevention, especially treatment of young offenders. Children below the age of 15 is not considered to have reached the level of maturity to be able to receive criminal penalty. 

The purpose of this essay is to examine wheatear the age of criminal responsibility is at an appropriate level and is well adapted to its purpose. Furthermore the purpose is to analyze how the age of criminal responsibility corresponds to the special treatment of juvenile offenders. The perspectives of penal theory such as proportionality, equal treatment, justice and humanity are the basis for which the age of criminal responsibility as well as the special treatment of juvenile offenders lies on. Particularly, according to me, the individual prevention by rehabilitation and humanity are the most influential perspectives for the development within the field of juvenile offenders. 

A person committing a crime before the age of 21 will be treated differently than an adult offender. The age of criminal responsibility divides young offenders in two groups which influence the choice of sentence and the meting out of punishment. Juveniles should not receive too radical proceedings when convicted, instead juveniles should be treated with more caring measures, such as custodial sanctions or particular juvenile sanctions, which instead will lead to growth of the juvenile. The special treatment of juveniles are founded on assumptions that they do not have a developed sense of responsibility, that they are more sensitive to punishment and that they should be treated with more permissiveness. 

The Committee on the Rights of the Children monitor and report on the implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Children, which has announced that the age of criminal responsibility should not be set below the age of twelve. A shorter comparative section is included in the essay to compare other countries solutions regarding the age of criminal responsibility. A couple of years ago Denmark choose the lower the age of criminal responsibility to be able to meet juvenile offenders with more severely consequences. Shortly after the age was lowered, it was raised to its former level since the change hadn’t led to the desired outcome. The country in Europe which has the lowest age of criminal responsibility is England, with the age of ten, for which they have received severe criticism. Hence, in regards to the UN, to Denmark and to England, it’s interesting to include a comparative expansion.}},
  author       = {{Andersson, Caroline}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Straffbarhetsåldern - och hur den inverkar på särbehandlingen av unga lagöverträdare}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}