Tillräknelighet som ansvarsförutsättning – En kartläggning samt kritisk analys av skuldprincipens ställning inom svensk straffrätt
(2021) LAGF03 20211Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract (Swedish)
- För att tillskrivas straffrättsligt ansvar är ett grundläggande brottskriterium i många länders straffrättssystem att den potentiella gärningsmannen är tillräknelig. En lagöverträdare som har saknat förmåga att förstå och kontrollera sitt handlande betraktas ha en begränsad ansvarsförmåga och undantas därmed från straffrättsligt ansvar. Tillräknelighet utgjorde en brottsförutsättning i 1864-års svenska strafflag. Det svenska straffrättssystemet intog emellertid en unik ställning när kravet på tillräknelighet avskaffades i samband med reformen av brottsbalken, som trädde i kraft år 1965. Avskaffandet innebär att en gärningsperson, oberoende av dess psykiska tillstånd, kan dömas och därmed tillskrivas straffrättsligt ansvar. Kravet på uppsåt... (More)
- För att tillskrivas straffrättsligt ansvar är ett grundläggande brottskriterium i många länders straffrättssystem att den potentiella gärningsmannen är tillräknelig. En lagöverträdare som har saknat förmåga att förstå och kontrollera sitt handlande betraktas ha en begränsad ansvarsförmåga och undantas därmed från straffrättsligt ansvar. Tillräknelighet utgjorde en brottsförutsättning i 1864-års svenska strafflag. Det svenska straffrättssystemet intog emellertid en unik ställning när kravet på tillräknelighet avskaffades i samband med reformen av brottsbalken, som trädde i kraft år 1965. Avskaffandet innebär att en gärningsperson, oberoende av dess psykiska tillstånd, kan dömas och därmed tillskrivas straffrättsligt ansvar. Kravet på uppsåt och oaktsamhet ska tillämpas på samtliga lagöverträdare, inklusive de psykiskt störda. Vid ikraftträdandet av brottsbalken infördes det samtidigt en ny bestämmelse i påföljdsledet, innebärande att den som begår ett brott under inflytande av en allvarlig psykisk störning som utgångspunkt inte ska dömas till fängelse.
Förevarande uppsats har som särskilt syfte att analysera och kritiskt granska skuldprincipens ställning vid avskaffandet av tillräknelighetsrekvisitet respektive vid de förslag som har givits för ett återinförlivande. Uppsatsen åskådliggör att skuldprincipen har beaktats i en tämligen liten grad vid avskaffandet av rekvisitet. Den positiva och sociologiska straffrättsskolan hade intagit en dominerande roll i de kriminalpolitiska diskussionerna. Individualpreventiva överväganden var en hög prioritering. Samtidigt diskuterades filosofiska aspekter där ansvar och viljefrihet ansågs vara ogrundade abstraktioner som inte motsvarade någon konkret innebörd. I de nya lagförslagen och argumentationslinjerna i doktrin utgör emellertid termerna skuld, moralisk klandervärdhet samt ansvarsförmåga centrala utgångspunkter. Man förespråkar att tillräknelighet ska återinföras som ett nödvändigt kriterium för ansvar. Den klassiska straffrättsskolan synes gå mot en renässans inom den svenska kriminalpolitiken. (Less) - Abstract
- To be held criminally liable, a requirement in the legal systems of many countries is that the potential perpetrator is accountable (tillräknelig). An offender who has lacked the ability to understand and control his actions is often considered unaccountable and is thus exempted from criminal liability. Accountability was a prerequisite for a crime in the Swedish Penal Code of 1864. The criminal justice system in Sweden took a unique position when the requirement of accountability was abolished in conjunction with the legal reform of the Penal Code, which entered into force in 1965. The abolition entails that a perpetrator, regardless of his mental condition, can be convicted and thus be held criminally liable. The requirement of intent... (More)
- To be held criminally liable, a requirement in the legal systems of many countries is that the potential perpetrator is accountable (tillräknelig). An offender who has lacked the ability to understand and control his actions is often considered unaccountable and is thus exempted from criminal liability. Accountability was a prerequisite for a crime in the Swedish Penal Code of 1864. The criminal justice system in Sweden took a unique position when the requirement of accountability was abolished in conjunction with the legal reform of the Penal Code, which entered into force in 1965. The abolition entails that a perpetrator, regardless of his mental condition, can be convicted and thus be held criminally liable. The requirement of intent and negligence shall be applied to all offenders, including the ones suffering from a mental disorder. However, as the Swedish Penal Code entered into force, a new paragraph was adopted regarding the choice of sanction. The paragraph entails that an individual who commits a crime under the influence of a serious mental disorder shall not be sentenced to prison, but receive another measure.
The aim of this thesis is to analyze and critically investigate the position of the principle of guilt (skuldprincipen) in the arguments for the abolition of the requisite and in the proposals that has been given for a re-incorporation. The thesis illustrates that the principle of guilt has been taken into account to a fairly small extent in the abolition of the requisite. The positive and sociological school of criminology had taken a dominant role in the political discussions of criminal law. Individual preventive considerations were a high priority. At the same time, philosophical aspects were discussed where guilt and free will were considered to be unfounded abstractions that had no concrete meaning. However, in the new government bills and arguments in doctrine, the terms guilt, moral blameworthiness and accountability are central starting points. It is advocated that accountability should be reintroduced as a prerequisite for liability. The classical school of criminology seems to be heading towards a renaissance in the political discussions of criminal law. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9045905
- author
- Sahin, Mellin LU
- supervisor
-
- Tova Bennet LU
- organization
- course
- LAGF03 20211
- year
- 2021
- type
- M2 - Bachelor Degree
- subject
- keywords
- Straffrätt, skuldprincipen, tillräknelighet
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 9045905
- date added to LUP
- 2021-06-29 16:36:37
- date last changed
- 2021-06-29 16:36:37
@misc{9045905,
abstract = {{To be held criminally liable, a requirement in the legal systems of many countries is that the potential perpetrator is accountable (tillräknelig). An offender who has lacked the ability to understand and control his actions is often considered unaccountable and is thus exempted from criminal liability. Accountability was a prerequisite for a crime in the Swedish Penal Code of 1864. The criminal justice system in Sweden took a unique position when the requirement of accountability was abolished in conjunction with the legal reform of the Penal Code, which entered into force in 1965. The abolition entails that a perpetrator, regardless of his mental condition, can be convicted and thus be held criminally liable. The requirement of intent and negligence shall be applied to all offenders, including the ones suffering from a mental disorder. However, as the Swedish Penal Code entered into force, a new paragraph was adopted regarding the choice of sanction. The paragraph entails that an individual who commits a crime under the influence of a serious mental disorder shall not be sentenced to prison, but receive another measure.
The aim of this thesis is to analyze and critically investigate the position of the principle of guilt (skuldprincipen) in the arguments for the abolition of the requisite and in the proposals that has been given for a re-incorporation. The thesis illustrates that the principle of guilt has been taken into account to a fairly small extent in the abolition of the requisite. The positive and sociological school of criminology had taken a dominant role in the political discussions of criminal law. Individual preventive considerations were a high priority. At the same time, philosophical aspects were discussed where guilt and free will were considered to be unfounded abstractions that had no concrete meaning. However, in the new government bills and arguments in doctrine, the terms guilt, moral blameworthiness and accountability are central starting points. It is advocated that accountability should be reintroduced as a prerequisite for liability. The classical school of criminology seems to be heading towards a renaissance in the political discussions of criminal law.}},
author = {{Sahin, Mellin}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Tillräknelighet som ansvarsförutsättning – En kartläggning samt kritisk analys av skuldprincipens ställning inom svensk straffrätt}},
year = {{2021}},
}