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Kapitalassociationer i Sverige och Tyskland - En komparativ studie

Wernich, Pontus LU (2021) LAGF03 20211
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Inom associationsrätten finns det personassociationer, som förenar personer, och kapitalassociationer, som förenar ett kapital. De sistnämnda har ett begränsat ansvar för delägarna, utgör egna rättssubjekt och består av ett grundkapital som väger upp det begränsade ansvaret. På grund av sina egenskaper har kapitalassociationen länge varit ett populärt val vid bolagsbildning. Uppsatsen utgör en komparativ studie av kapitalassociationer i Sverige och Tyskland och ska undersöka strukturen och organisationen av sådana bolag samt vad eventuella skillnader kan få för konsekvenser.

I den svenska associationsrätten finns det endast en kapitalassociationsform, aktiebolaget. Den delas i sin tur in i det privata och det publika aktiebolaget. Det... (More)
Inom associationsrätten finns det personassociationer, som förenar personer, och kapitalassociationer, som förenar ett kapital. De sistnämnda har ett begränsat ansvar för delägarna, utgör egna rättssubjekt och består av ett grundkapital som väger upp det begränsade ansvaret. På grund av sina egenskaper har kapitalassociationen länge varit ett populärt val vid bolagsbildning. Uppsatsen utgör en komparativ studie av kapitalassociationer i Sverige och Tyskland och ska undersöka strukturen och organisationen av sådana bolag samt vad eventuella skillnader kan få för konsekvenser.

I den svenska associationsrätten finns det endast en kapitalassociationsform, aktiebolaget. Den delas i sin tur in i det privata och det publika aktiebolaget. Det privata bolaget kräver minst 25 000 kronor i grundkapital och består av en bolagsstämma, en styrelse och en frivillig VD. Det publika aktiebolaget kräver minst 500 000 kronor i grundkapital och består alltid av en bolagsstämma, en styrelse och en VD. Ett svenskt aktiebolag styrs genom en monistisk modell, där styrelsen ansvarar för bolagsledningen och delegerar en del av sitt ansvar till VD. De tyska kapitalassociationsformer är fler, Ett aktiebolag, Aktiengesellschaft, ett GmbH och som underkategori till den, Unternehmergesellschaft. Dessa tre former har alla olika krav på sig, vilket gör de lämpliga för olika grupper av företag. I fallande ordning krävs 50 000 euro, 25 000 euro och en euro i grundkapital för bildandet av ett sådant bolag. Aktiebolaget och många GmbH styrs av en dualistisk modell, där det utöver en bolagsstämma och en bolagsledning också finns ett tillsynsorgan som övervakar företagets ledning. Mindre bolag styrs av ett monistiskt system.

Många av de skillnader som finns mellan svenska och tyska kapitalassociationer har i praktiken troligtvis ingen större effekt, men vid en jämförelse mellan länderna går det att konstatera att det i svensk rätt till synes saknas en mellanstor form, motsvarande GmbH. Det privata aktiebolaget utvecklas till att kräva ett allt mindre grundkapital, vilket gör att den mer bör likställas med ett Unternehmergesellschaft. Det gör att svenska mellanstora bolag saknar en avgränsande och tydlig bolagsform, något som kan skada deras anseende. För att även fortsättningsvis vara konkurrenskraftiga på ett globalt plan kan man behöva införa en sådan tredje bolagsform. (Less)
Abstract
In Corporate law there exist partnerships, which brings together people, and limited companies, which unites capital. The Limited company provides a limited liability for the individual co-owners, constitutes a legal entity and has an equity capital which is meant to compensate for the limited liability. Because of its characteristics limited companies have for a long time been a popular choice when founding a company. This essay consists of a comparative study between German and Swedish limited companies. The thesis examines the structure and organisation of the above mentioned companies and explores what consequences potential differences could have.

In Swedish corporate law there is only one limited company, the stock corporation.... (More)
In Corporate law there exist partnerships, which brings together people, and limited companies, which unites capital. The Limited company provides a limited liability for the individual co-owners, constitutes a legal entity and has an equity capital which is meant to compensate for the limited liability. Because of its characteristics limited companies have for a long time been a popular choice when founding a company. This essay consists of a comparative study between German and Swedish limited companies. The thesis examines the structure and organisation of the above mentioned companies and explores what consequences potential differences could have.

In Swedish corporate law there is only one limited company, the stock corporation. This definition is further divided into private and public stock corporations. The private company requires at least 25 000 Swedish crowns in equity capital and is controlled by an annual general meeting, a board of directors and an CEO if chosen. The public stock corporation requires a minimum of 500 000 Swedish crowns in equity capital and always has to have an annual general meeting, a board of directors and a CEO. The Swedish stock company is governed by a one-tier structure, where the board of directors is responsible for leading the company and partly delegates its responsibility to the CEO. The German limited companies consist of a stock company, a private limited company, the GmbH, and the Unternehmergesellschaft, which is a subcategory to the GmbH. These three versions have different legal requirements and are thus suitable for different companies depending on size. In descending order, the different formats require 50 000 euro, 25 000 euro and one euro in equity capital to establish the company. The stock company and the GmbH are governed by a two-tier system, where a supervisory board that controls the management board is installed. Smaller businesses are controlled by the one-tier structure.

Many of the differences that exist between Swedish and German limited companies have most likely no bigger effect, but through a comparison between the countries it can be observed that Swedish law does not have a format for medium-sized companies, matching the German GmbH. The Swedish private stock corporation is developing towards an even smaller requirement for equity capital, which makes it more correspondent to the Unternehmergesellschaft. That means that the Swedish medium-sized companies are missing an exclusive and clear classification, which might harm their reputation. In order for the Swedish companies to remain competitive on a global scene, such a third company format might need to be introduced. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Wernich, Pontus LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20211
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
Associationsrätt, Komparativ rätt, Kapitalassociation
language
Swedish
id
9046005
date added to LUP
2021-06-29 16:33:03
date last changed
2021-06-29 16:33:03
@misc{9046005,
  abstract     = {{In Corporate law there exist partnerships, which brings together people, and limited companies, which unites capital. The Limited company provides a limited liability for the individual co-owners, constitutes a legal entity and has an equity capital which is meant to compensate for the limited liability. Because of its characteristics limited companies have for a long time been a popular choice when founding a company. This essay consists of a comparative study between German and Swedish limited companies. The thesis examines the structure and organisation of the above mentioned companies and explores what consequences potential differences could have.

In Swedish corporate law there is only one limited company, the stock corporation. This definition is further divided into private and public stock corporations. The private company requires at least 25 000 Swedish crowns in equity capital and is controlled by an annual general meeting, a board of directors and an CEO if chosen. The public stock corporation requires a minimum of 500 000 Swedish crowns in equity capital and always has to have an annual general meeting, a board of directors and a CEO. The Swedish stock company is governed by a one-tier structure, where the board of directors is responsible for leading the company and partly delegates its responsibility to the CEO. The German limited companies consist of a stock company, a private limited company, the GmbH, and the Unternehmergesellschaft, which is a subcategory to the GmbH. These three versions have different legal requirements and are thus suitable for different companies depending on size. In descending order, the different formats require 50 000 euro, 25 000 euro and one euro in equity capital to establish the company. The stock company and the GmbH are governed by a two-tier system, where a supervisory board that controls the management board is installed. Smaller businesses are controlled by the one-tier structure.

Many of the differences that exist between Swedish and German limited companies have most likely no bigger effect, but through a comparison between the countries it can be observed that Swedish law does not have a format for medium-sized companies, matching the German GmbH. The Swedish private stock corporation is developing towards an even smaller requirement for equity capital, which makes it more correspondent to the Unternehmergesellschaft. That means that the Swedish medium-sized companies are missing an exclusive and clear classification, which might harm their reputation. In order for the Swedish companies to remain competitive on a global scene, such a third company format might need to be introduced.}},
  author       = {{Wernich, Pontus}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Kapitalassociationer i Sverige och Tyskland - En komparativ studie}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}