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Misstänkt, ung och inlåst – en kritisk granskning av de nya häktningsreglerna för barn med hänsyn till kraven i internationella konventioner

Lavesson, Dennis LU (2021) JURM02 20211
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Det svenska häktningsinstitutet har under decennier återkommande fått kritik från internationella konventionskommittéer. Den mest framträdande kritiken Sverige fått vidkännas har kommit från Europarådets kommitté för förhindrande av tortyr, Förenta nationernas kommitté mot tortyr och FN:s kommitté för barnets rättigheter. De två förstnämnda är kommittéer med sin grund i konventioner som avser alla människor. Den senare har sin grund i barnkonventionen och avser specifikt barn. Alla kommittéerna har kritiserat Sveriges regler för häktning och isolering av barn.

Sommaren 2015 fick en särskild utredare i uppdrag att utreda eventuella förändringar av häktningsinstitutet. Syftet var att minska användningen av häktning och restriktioner, mot... (More)
Det svenska häktningsinstitutet har under decennier återkommande fått kritik från internationella konventionskommittéer. Den mest framträdande kritiken Sverige fått vidkännas har kommit från Europarådets kommitté för förhindrande av tortyr, Förenta nationernas kommitté mot tortyr och FN:s kommitté för barnets rättigheter. De två förstnämnda är kommittéer med sin grund i konventioner som avser alla människor. Den senare har sin grund i barnkonventionen och avser specifikt barn. Alla kommittéerna har kritiserat Sveriges regler för häktning och isolering av barn.

Sommaren 2015 fick en särskild utredare i uppdrag att utreda eventuella förändringar av häktningsinstitutet. Syftet var att minska användningen av häktning och restriktioner, mot bakgrund av den långvariga internationella kritiken. I uppdraget innefattades särskilt att fokusera på åtgärder för att begränsa användningen av häktning och restriktioner för barn. Utredningen remissbehandlades därefter för att utmynna i en regeringsproposition. Våren 2021 beslutade riksdagen om vissa ändringar av häktningsinstitutet, för såväl vuxna som barn. Det mest omdebatterade beslutet var införandet av en längsta tidsgräns om tre månader för häktning av barn. Parallellt med förändringen av häktningsinstitutet har Sverige inkorporerat barnkonventionen i svensk rätt. Sedan den 1 januari 2020 utgör barnkonventionen därmed svensk lag.

I uppsatsen beskrivs och analyseras de nya häktningsreglerna för barn. Syftet är dels att undersöka om ändringarna är tillräckliga för att Sverige inte fortsatt ska tilldelas kritik från internationella kommittéer, dels att undersöka om barnkonventionens inkorporering i svensk rätt inneburit någon skillnad vid häktning av barn. I uppsatsen utgås från perspektivet att den som är häktad och misstänkt för brott ska ses som oskyldig tills motsatsen är bevisad, den så kallade oskyldighetspresumtionen. Utredningen sker genom en beskrivning av vad kritiken bestått i, vad som är gällande rätt och vad som beslutats träda i kraft sommaren 2021. Syfte och frågeställningar besvaras genom att de nya reglerna ställs i relation till den kritik Sverige fått vidkännas.

I uppsatsen dras slutsatsen att vissa av förändringarna möter den internationella kritiken Sverige tidigare fått vidkännas. Genom att det beslutats att häktade barn ska ha rätt till en mellanmänsklig kontakt minst fyra timmar per dag, ska det inte längre förekomma isolering av barn. Vissa av de internationella rekommendationerna uppfylls däremot inte alls. Med all sannolikhet kommer den nya lagstiftningen varken leda till att färre barn häktas eller att häktningstiderna minskas. Uppsatsens slutsats avseende barnkonventionens inkorporering i svensk rätt är att konventionens artiklar är allt för allmänt formulerade för att göra någon skillnad. Barnkonventionen har haft påverkan på framför allt beslutet om att barn inte ska hållas isolerade. Nämnda påverkan hade dock varit aktuell oavsett om konventionen inkorporerats till lag eller ej. (Less)
Abstract
For decades, the Swedish Remand Institute has received repeated criticism from international convention committees. The most prominent criticism Sweden has received has come from the Council of Europe's Committee for the Prevention of Torture, the United Nations Committee against Torture and the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child. The first two are committees based on conventions that apply to all people. The latter is based on the Convention on the Rights of the Child and specifically concerns children. All the committees have criticized Sweden's rules for detention and isolation of children.

In the summer of 2015, a special investigator was commissioned to investigate any changes to the remand institute. The aim was to reduce the... (More)
For decades, the Swedish Remand Institute has received repeated criticism from international convention committees. The most prominent criticism Sweden has received has come from the Council of Europe's Committee for the Prevention of Torture, the United Nations Committee against Torture and the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child. The first two are committees based on conventions that apply to all people. The latter is based on the Convention on the Rights of the Child and specifically concerns children. All the committees have criticized Sweden's rules for detention and isolation of children.

In the summer of 2015, a special investigator was commissioned to investigate any changes to the remand institute. The aim was to reduce the use of remand and restrictions, in the light of long-standing international criticism. The assignment included a particular focus on measures to limit the use of remand and restrictions for children. The inquiry was then referred for consultation to culminate in a government bill. In the spring of 2021, the Riksdag decided on certain changes to the remand institution, for both adults and children. The most controversial decision was the introduction of a maximum time limit of three months for the remand of children. In parallel with the change of the remand institution, Sweden has incorporated the Convention on the Rights of the Child into Swedish law. Since January 1st, 2020, the Convention on the Rights of the Child has thus constituted Swedish law.

The essay describes and analyzes the new remand rules for children. The purpose is partly to investigate whether the changes are sufficient for Sweden not to continue to be criticized by international committees, and partly to investigate whether the incorporation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child into Swedish law has made any difference in the remand of children. The essay is based on the perspective that anyone who is detained and suspected of a crime should be seen as innocent until proven otherwise, the so-called presumption of innocence. The investigation takes place through a description of what the criticism consisted of, what is the applicable law and what has been decided to enter into force in the summer of 2021. Purpose and questions are answered by setting the new rules in relation to the criticism Sweden has received.

The essay concludes that some of the changes meet the international criticism Sweden has previously received. By deciding that remanded children shall have the right to interpersonal contact for at least four hours per day, there shall no longer be isolation of children. However, some of the international recommendations are not met at all. Probably, the new legislation will neither lead to fewer children being remanded nor to remand times being reduced. The thesis' conclusion regarding the incorporation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child into Swedish law is that the articles of the Convention are far too generally formulated to make any difference. The Convention on the Rights of the Child has had an impact, above all, on the decision not to keep children isolated. However, the said impact would have been relevant regardless of whether the convention was incorporated into law or not. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Lavesson, Dennis LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Suspect, young and locked up - a critical examination of the new remand rules for children with regard to the requirements of international conventions
course
JURM02 20211
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
straffrätt, häktning, tidsgränser
language
Swedish
id
9046129
date added to LUP
2021-06-09 11:20:33
date last changed
2021-06-09 11:20:33
@misc{9046129,
  abstract     = {{For decades, the Swedish Remand Institute has received repeated criticism from international convention committees. The most prominent criticism Sweden has received has come from the Council of Europe's Committee for the Prevention of Torture, the United Nations Committee against Torture and the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child. The first two are committees based on conventions that apply to all people. The latter is based on the Convention on the Rights of the Child and specifically concerns children. All the committees have criticized Sweden's rules for detention and isolation of children.

In the summer of 2015, a special investigator was commissioned to investigate any changes to the remand institute. The aim was to reduce the use of remand and restrictions, in the light of long-standing international criticism. The assignment included a particular focus on measures to limit the use of remand and restrictions for children. The inquiry was then referred for consultation to culminate in a government bill. In the spring of 2021, the Riksdag decided on certain changes to the remand institution, for both adults and children. The most controversial decision was the introduction of a maximum time limit of three months for the remand of children. In parallel with the change of the remand institution, Sweden has incorporated the Convention on the Rights of the Child into Swedish law. Since January 1st, 2020, the Convention on the Rights of the Child has thus constituted Swedish law.

The essay describes and analyzes the new remand rules for children. The purpose is partly to investigate whether the changes are sufficient for Sweden not to continue to be criticized by international committees, and partly to investigate whether the incorporation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child into Swedish law has made any difference in the remand of children. The essay is based on the perspective that anyone who is detained and suspected of a crime should be seen as innocent until proven otherwise, the so-called presumption of innocence. The investigation takes place through a description of what the criticism consisted of, what is the applicable law and what has been decided to enter into force in the summer of 2021. Purpose and questions are answered by setting the new rules in relation to the criticism Sweden has received.

The essay concludes that some of the changes meet the international criticism Sweden has previously received. By deciding that remanded children shall have the right to interpersonal contact for at least four hours per day, there shall no longer be isolation of children. However, some of the international recommendations are not met at all. Probably, the new legislation will neither lead to fewer children being remanded nor to remand times being reduced. The thesis' conclusion regarding the incorporation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child into Swedish law is that the articles of the Convention are far too generally formulated to make any difference. The Convention on the Rights of the Child has had an impact, above all, on the decision not to keep children isolated. However, the said impact would have been relevant regardless of whether the convention was incorporated into law or not.}},
  author       = {{Lavesson, Dennis}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Misstänkt, ung och inlåst – en kritisk granskning av de nya häktningsreglerna för barn med hänsyn till kraven i internationella konventioner}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}