Hur fri är den fria bevisprövningen? - Hanteringen av otillåtet åtkommen bevisning
(2021) JURM02 20211Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract (Swedish)
- Bevisfrågor har alltid varit av central betydelse i ett brottmål. Den tilltalades skuld avgörs utifrån den bevisning som läggs fram i rättegången. I Sverige tillämpas principen om fri bevisprövning. Principen inkluderar fri bevisföring vilket innebär att all bevisning som huvudregel är tillåten. Principen innefattar även fri bevisvärdering vilket innebär att domstolen som utgångspunkt inte har några legala regler att förhålla sig till när bevisets värde ska avgöras.
Det finns ett förbud mot att grunda en fällande dom enbart på bevisning som tillkommit genom ett brott mot artikel 3 i EKMR, som stadgar skydd mot tortyr och liknande omänsklig behandling. Det finns även ett förbud mot bevisning som oåterkalleligen skulle undergräva den... (More) - Bevisfrågor har alltid varit av central betydelse i ett brottmål. Den tilltalades skuld avgörs utifrån den bevisning som läggs fram i rättegången. I Sverige tillämpas principen om fri bevisprövning. Principen inkluderar fri bevisföring vilket innebär att all bevisning som huvudregel är tillåten. Principen innefattar även fri bevisvärdering vilket innebär att domstolen som utgångspunkt inte har några legala regler att förhålla sig till när bevisets värde ska avgöras.
Det finns ett förbud mot att grunda en fällande dom enbart på bevisning som tillkommit genom ett brott mot artikel 3 i EKMR, som stadgar skydd mot tortyr och liknande omänsklig behandling. Det finns även ett förbud mot bevisning som oåterkalleligen skulle undergräva den tilltalades rätt till en rättvis rättegång enligt artikel 6 EKMR. Brottsprovokation utgör en situation då den tilltalades rätt till rättvis rättegång kan ha undergrävts. Sådana fall har behandlats både av Europadomstolen och av HD.
De bevishanteringssätt som finns i olika rättssystem bottnar i grundtanken om vad syftet är med en straffrättslig process. I länder som Tyskland, USA och Kanada finns tydligare reglering kring hur olagligt åtkommen bevisning ska hanteras.
I uppsatsen dras slutsatserna att det råder oenighet inom doktrin och i debatter och hur stark ställning den fria bevisprövningen har i svensk rätt. HD har upprepade gånger uttryckt vikten av principen. Det finns anledning att ifrågasätta om den fria bevisprövningen är rättssäker, sett till förutsägbarhet och likabehandling. Det är möjligt att den rättsliga situationen skulle bli mer förutsägbar om Sverige införde ett tydligare bevisanvändarförbud. Med de rättsliga systemen i Tyskland och Kanada som förebild hade detta kunnat göras utan att principen om fri bevisprövning skulle bli tillintetgjord. (Less) - Abstract
- Questions regarding evidence have always been of importance in a criminal proceeding. The defendant's guilt is determined on the basis of the evidence presented at the trial. In Sweden, the principle of free examination of evidence is applied. The principle includes free presentation of evidence, which means that all evidence is generally allowed. The principle also includes free evaluation of evidence, which means that the court has no legal rules to relate to when the value of the evidence is to be decided.
It is forbidden to base a conviction solely on evidence gathered through a breach of article 3 ECHR, which provides protection against torture and other similar inhuman treatment. There is also a prohibition of using evidence that... (More) - Questions regarding evidence have always been of importance in a criminal proceeding. The defendant's guilt is determined on the basis of the evidence presented at the trial. In Sweden, the principle of free examination of evidence is applied. The principle includes free presentation of evidence, which means that all evidence is generally allowed. The principle also includes free evaluation of evidence, which means that the court has no legal rules to relate to when the value of the evidence is to be decided.
It is forbidden to base a conviction solely on evidence gathered through a breach of article 3 ECHR, which provides protection against torture and other similar inhuman treatment. There is also a prohibition of using evidence that irremediably undermines a defendant's right to a fair trial, in accordance with article 6 ECHR. Criminal provocation constitutes a situation where the defendant's right to a fair trial may have been undermined. Such cases have been assessed both by the European Court of Justice and by the Swedish Supreme Court.
The ways in which evidence is handled in different legal systems express different views concerning the question of what ought to be the purpose of a criminal process. Countries such as Germany, the United States and Canada, have clearer regulations about how improperly obtained evidence should be handled.
In the essay, the conclusions are drawn that there is a disagreement within doctrine and in debates, regarding how strong position the free examination of evidence has in Swedish law. The Supreme Court has repeatedly expressed the importance of the principle. There is reason to question whether the free examination of evidence in Swedish law is legally certain, in terms of predictability and equal treatment. It is possible that the legal situation would be more predictable if Sweden introduced some kind of more extensive exclusionary rules. With the legal system in Germany or Canada as role model this could be done without totally contradicting the principle of free examination of evidence. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9046321
- author
- Envall, Katarina LU
- supervisor
-
- Karol Nowak LU
- organization
- alternative title
- How free is the principle of free examination of evidence?
- course
- JURM02 20211
- year
- 2021
- type
- H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
- subject
- keywords
- straffrätt, bevisprövning, bevisföring, bevisvärdering, rättssäkerhet, otillåtet åtkommen bevisning, bevisförbud
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 9046321
- date added to LUP
- 2021-06-15 22:06:13
- date last changed
- 2021-06-15 22:06:13
@misc{9046321,
abstract = {{Questions regarding evidence have always been of importance in a criminal proceeding. The defendant's guilt is determined on the basis of the evidence presented at the trial. In Sweden, the principle of free examination of evidence is applied. The principle includes free presentation of evidence, which means that all evidence is generally allowed. The principle also includes free evaluation of evidence, which means that the court has no legal rules to relate to when the value of the evidence is to be decided.
It is forbidden to base a conviction solely on evidence gathered through a breach of article 3 ECHR, which provides protection against torture and other similar inhuman treatment. There is also a prohibition of using evidence that irremediably undermines a defendant's right to a fair trial, in accordance with article 6 ECHR. Criminal provocation constitutes a situation where the defendant's right to a fair trial may have been undermined. Such cases have been assessed both by the European Court of Justice and by the Swedish Supreme Court.
The ways in which evidence is handled in different legal systems express different views concerning the question of what ought to be the purpose of a criminal process. Countries such as Germany, the United States and Canada, have clearer regulations about how improperly obtained evidence should be handled.
In the essay, the conclusions are drawn that there is a disagreement within doctrine and in debates, regarding how strong position the free examination of evidence has in Swedish law. The Supreme Court has repeatedly expressed the importance of the principle. There is reason to question whether the free examination of evidence in Swedish law is legally certain, in terms of predictability and equal treatment. It is possible that the legal situation would be more predictable if Sweden introduced some kind of more extensive exclusionary rules. With the legal system in Germany or Canada as role model this could be done without totally contradicting the principle of free examination of evidence.}},
author = {{Envall, Katarina}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Hur fri är den fria bevisprövningen? - Hanteringen av otillåtet åtkommen bevisning}},
year = {{2021}},
}