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En samhällsnyttig straffprocess? - De straffprocessuella funktionernas genomslagskraft som en funktion av beviskravet för fällande dom i brottmål

Olsson, Ludvig LU (2021) JURM02 20211
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Framställningen syftar till att utreda hur mycket genomslagskraft straffprocessens olika funktioner får givet ett visst beviskrav. En modern syn på straffprocessen är det s.k. differentierade funktionstänkandet där funktionerna har olika stort genomslag i olika stadier av straffprocessen. Vanligtvis brukar dessa funktioner delas upp i överväganden som härrör sig från antingen värdet av en effektiv brottsbekämpning, eller från värdet av rättssäkerhet för individen i den enskilda processen. Ur ett utilitaristiskt perspektiv kan dessa intressen således anses fylla en samhällsnytta.

I uppsatsen tillämpas två beslutsteoretiska modeller för beräknande av beviskravet i numerisk form att tillämpas, formulerade av John Kaplan och Laurence Tribe... (More)
Framställningen syftar till att utreda hur mycket genomslagskraft straffprocessens olika funktioner får givet ett visst beviskrav. En modern syn på straffprocessen är det s.k. differentierade funktionstänkandet där funktionerna har olika stort genomslag i olika stadier av straffprocessen. Vanligtvis brukar dessa funktioner delas upp i överväganden som härrör sig från antingen värdet av en effektiv brottsbekämpning, eller från värdet av rättssäkerhet för individen i den enskilda processen. Ur ett utilitaristiskt perspektiv kan dessa intressen således anses fylla en samhällsnytta.

I uppsatsen tillämpas två beslutsteoretiska modeller för beräknande av beviskravet i numerisk form att tillämpas, formulerade av John Kaplan och Laurence Tribe på 1960- och 1970-talet. Enligt modellerna går det att beräkna beviskravet med beaktande av samhällsnyttan (eller samhällsförlusten) av de olika utfallen i en brottmålsrättegång. Syftet med framställningen är således att sammankoppla de teorier som formulerats i doktrin avseende straffprocessens funktioner med samhällsnyttan som kommer av de olika möjliga utfallen:

1. Korrekt fällande domar
2. Felaktigt friande domar
3. Korrekt friande domar
4. Felaktigt fällande domar

Genom att sammankoppla samhällsnyttan med de straffprocessuella funktionerna kan man på så sätt beräkna genomslagskraften för de olika funktionerna som en funktion av ett visst givet beviskrav. För att göra detta har en egen struktur utarbetats genom att dela upp straffprocessen i externa och interna funktioner, med motiveringen att det är olika nytta för samhället beroende på om man betraktar straffprocessen utifrån (ur medborgarnas perspektiv utanför processen) eller inifrån (ur medborgarnas perspektiv i den enskilda processen). I uppsatsen konstateras att de externa funktionerna med straffprocessen kan delas in i antingen brottsbekämpning och handlingsdirigering, och straffprocessens interna funktioner kan delas in i rättssäkerhet och materiell riktighet.

Slutsatsen som dras avslutningsvis är att vid ett givet högt ställt beviskrav, likt det som föreslagits i doktrinen i storleksordningen större än 90 %, får de interna funktionerna ett minst nio gånger så stor genomslagskraft som de externa funktionerna. Rättssäkerheten och den materiella riktigheten för individen i processen väger således betydligt tyngre än brottsbekämpningen och handlingsdirigeringen vid avkunnandet av dom. (Less)
Abstract
This thesis aims to investigate how much influence each different function in the criminal process has when given a specific standard of proof. In modern Swedish criminal process, legal scholars are often of the opinion that processual functions have different influence depending on which part of the process they are active in. This is often referred to as a differentiated approach to functions. Normally, the criminal process is divided between the aim to effectively convict criminals, and the aim to provide security to citizens facing trial in accordance with the rule of law. Thus, the impact of these desires can be looked upon in terms of societal utility, from a utilitarian point of view.

Two models for calculating the standard of... (More)
This thesis aims to investigate how much influence each different function in the criminal process has when given a specific standard of proof. In modern Swedish criminal process, legal scholars are often of the opinion that processual functions have different influence depending on which part of the process they are active in. This is often referred to as a differentiated approach to functions. Normally, the criminal process is divided between the aim to effectively convict criminals, and the aim to provide security to citizens facing trial in accordance with the rule of law. Thus, the impact of these desires can be looked upon in terms of societal utility, from a utilitarian point of view.

Two models for calculating the standard of proof in terms of numerical probability, both decision theoretical, will be examined. They were produced by legal scholars John Kaplan and Laurence Tribe in the sixties and seventies. According to the models, the standard of proof can be calculated with regard to the societal utility (or disutility) coming from the different verdicts in a criminal trial. The purpose of the thesis is thus to connect the different theories of function in the criminal process with the societal utility produced by the different kinds of verdicts:

1. True conviction
2. False acquittal
3. True acquittal
4. False conviction

By combining the societal utility of those verdicts with the functions in criminal process it is possible to calculate the influence of each different function by defining a certain value for the standard of proof. To be able to accomplish this, a self-made structure has been developed by dividing the functions in the criminal process into external (from the perspective of the citizens outside of the trial) and internal (from the perspective of citizens inside the trial) functions. It is concluded in the thesis that external functions can be divided into the aim to control criminal behavior done in the past or the aim to control imminent criminal behavior. The internal functions of criminal process can likewise be divided into the aim to protect the citizens by judging in accordance with the rule of law, and the aim to provide truthful verdicts for its citizens.

The conclusion drawn towards the end of the thesis is that by appointing a standard of proof in accordance with what is normally estimated by legal scholars to be greater than 90 %, the internal functions of the criminal process gets nine times the influence in contrast to the external functions. The aim to protect citizens by judging in accordance with the rule of law, and the aim to provide a truthful verdict for the defendant is thus of much more importance than the aim to control criminal behavior when returning a verdict. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Olsson, Ludvig LU
supervisor
organization
course
JURM02 20211
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
straffrätt, processrätt, allmän rättslära
language
Swedish
id
9046362
date added to LUP
2021-06-09 11:56:18
date last changed
2021-07-18 11:27:37
@misc{9046362,
  abstract     = {{This thesis aims to investigate how much influence each different function in the criminal process has when given a specific standard of proof. In modern Swedish criminal process, legal scholars are often of the opinion that processual functions have different influence depending on which part of the process they are active in. This is often referred to as a differentiated approach to functions. Normally, the criminal process is divided between the aim to effectively convict criminals, and the aim to provide security to citizens facing trial in accordance with the rule of law. Thus, the impact of these desires can be looked upon in terms of societal utility, from a utilitarian point of view. 

Two models for calculating the standard of proof in terms of numerical probability, both decision theoretical, will be examined. They were produced by legal scholars John Kaplan and Laurence Tribe in the sixties and seventies. According to the models, the standard of proof can be calculated with regard to the societal utility (or disutility) coming from the different verdicts in a criminal trial. The purpose of the thesis is thus to connect the different theories of function in the criminal process with the societal utility produced by the different kinds of verdicts: 

1.	True conviction
2.	False acquittal 
3.	True acquittal
4.	False conviction

By combining the societal utility of those verdicts with the functions in criminal process it is possible to calculate the influence of each different function by defining a certain value for the standard of proof. To be able to accomplish this, a self-made structure has been developed by dividing the functions in the criminal process into external (from the perspective of the citizens outside of the trial) and internal (from the perspective of citizens inside the trial) functions. It is concluded in the thesis that external functions can be divided into the aim to control criminal behavior done in the past or the aim to control imminent criminal behavior. The internal functions of criminal process can likewise be divided into the aim to protect the citizens by judging in accordance with the rule of law, and the aim to provide truthful verdicts for its citizens. 

The conclusion drawn towards the end of the thesis is that by appointing a standard of proof in accordance with what is normally estimated by legal scholars to be greater than 90 %, the internal functions of the criminal process gets nine times the influence in contrast to the external functions. The aim to protect citizens by judging in accordance with the rule of law, and the aim to provide a truthful verdict for the defendant is thus of much more importance than the aim to control criminal behavior when returning a verdict.}},
  author       = {{Olsson, Ludvig}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{En samhällsnyttig straffprocess? - De straffprocessuella funktionernas genomslagskraft som en funktion av beviskravet för fällande dom i brottmål}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}