Prisavdrag vid immateriella tjänster i oreglerade fall. Särskilt om kommersiella förhållanden där påföljden inte reglerats i avtal.
(2021) JURM02 20211Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract
- A business relationship is usually regulated by an agreement between the parties which states which penalties will be applicable in the event of a breach of contract. In the absence of an agreement or lack of specific terms regarding penalties in the agreement, the dispute must be resolved in accordance with the law. However, the Swedish civil law is fragmentary, which means that it does not contain a general civil law that covers all dispute situations that may occur. The legislator has chosen to legislate on practically important phenomena, but many types of services are unregulated. In case a situation arises, which is not regulated by any law, the dispute must be resolved in accordance with unwritten law. It is uncertain in the legal... (More)
- A business relationship is usually regulated by an agreement between the parties which states which penalties will be applicable in the event of a breach of contract. In the absence of an agreement or lack of specific terms regarding penalties in the agreement, the dispute must be resolved in accordance with the law. However, the Swedish civil law is fragmentary, which means that it does not contain a general civil law that covers all dispute situations that may occur. The legislator has chosen to legislate on practically important phenomena, but many types of services are unregulated. In case a situation arises, which is not regulated by any law, the dispute must be resolved in accordance with unwritten law. It is uncertain in the legal literature whether price deduction (Swe: prisavdrag) can be applied to intangible services (Swe: immateriella tjänster) in unregulated cases.
The thesis establishes the applicable law related to the applicability of the price deduction on intangible services in unresolved cases. The legal dogmatic method is used in the essay. The concept of intangible services as well as the contractor’s general obligations is explained in the essay. Thereafter, the price deduction on the legally regulated area is presented to provide the reader with relevant knowledge in order to understand the analysis. The analysis then examines and explains the price deduction on the unregulated area for intangible services.
The investigation shows that the price deduction can be applied to intangible service agreements in general, but that it is uncertain whether price deduction can be applied to certain types of intangible services that are charged by the hour. It has been established that insignificant breach of contract should not mean that a right to a price deduction occurs. It appears from the investigation that the price deduction works poorly when the service is delayed, although that this should not be understood as if the sanction in no cases can be applicable when an intangible service is delayed. The price deduction should constitute the primary penalty for intangible services, provided that there is no clear support in Swedish law that says otherwise. It has also been established that there is no need for damage in order for a price deduction to occur in intangible services.
Regarding the calculation of the price deduction, it appears that the value difference must be calculated objectively to the extent that this can be done. This should be relevant mainly when an intangible service to some extent have breached a performance obligation (Swe: resultatförpliktelse) and where it is possible to determine a value difference in accordance with the proportional method. In the case of care obligations (Swe: omsorgsförpliktelser) and where no damage has occurred, the supreme court (Swe: Högsta dosmtolen) has stated that the calculation shall be norm-driven, but in the absence of norms, the calculation may be made at discretion. (Less) - Abstract (Swedish)
- En affärsrelation regleras vanligtvis genom ett avtal mellan parterna som anger vilka påföljder som blir aktuella vid kontraktsbrott. Vid avsaknad av ett avtal eller avsaknad av specifik reglering gällande påföljdsbestämningen i avtalet får den aktuella situationen bedömas enligt lag. Den svenska civilrätten är dock fragmentarisk vilket innebär att vi inte har en allmän civillag som täcker alla tvistesituationer som kan uppkomma. Lagstiftaren har istället valt att lagstifta om praktiskt viktiga företeelser men många avtalstyper har lämnats oreglerade. I sådana oreglerade fall får man bedöma vilken påföljd som kan göras gällande enligt oskriven rätt. Det har angetts som osäkert i litteraturen huruvida prisavdraget kan tillämpas på... (More)
- En affärsrelation regleras vanligtvis genom ett avtal mellan parterna som anger vilka påföljder som blir aktuella vid kontraktsbrott. Vid avsaknad av ett avtal eller avsaknad av specifik reglering gällande påföljdsbestämningen i avtalet får den aktuella situationen bedömas enligt lag. Den svenska civilrätten är dock fragmentarisk vilket innebär att vi inte har en allmän civillag som täcker alla tvistesituationer som kan uppkomma. Lagstiftaren har istället valt att lagstifta om praktiskt viktiga företeelser men många avtalstyper har lämnats oreglerade. I sådana oreglerade fall får man bedöma vilken påföljd som kan göras gällande enligt oskriven rätt. Det har angetts som osäkert i litteraturen huruvida prisavdraget kan tillämpas på immateriella tjänster i oreglerade fall.
I uppsatsen fastställs gällande rätt angående prisavdragets tillämplighet på immateriella tjänster i oreglerade fall. I uppsatsen används den rättsdogmatiska metoden. Begreppet immateriell tjänst tillsammans med uppdragstagarens skyldigheter i immateriella tjänster. Därefter behandlas prisavdraget på det lagreglerade området för att ge läsaren en stabil grund för att ta till sig analysen. Den utredande delen behandlar prisavdraget på det oreglerade området vid immateriella tjänster.
Av utredningen framgår att prisavdraget kan tillämpas på immateriella tjänsteavtal i allmänhet men att det fortfarande råder viss osäkerhet kring tillämpningen på sysslomannaavtal som utförs på löpande räkning. Det har konstaterats att obetydliga fel, som visserligen får anses rubba ekvivalensen, inte bör anses medge en rätt till prisavdrag. Det framgår av utredningen att prisavdraget i de flesta fall bör fungera dåligt vid dröjsmål men att det inte bör anses uteslutet att påföljden kan tillämpas vid dröjsmål. Prisavdraget bör utgöra den primära påföljden vid immateriella tjänster förutsatt att det inte finns ett tydligt stöd i svensk rätt som talar mot detta i det aktuella fallet. Det har även fastställts att det inte föreligger ett krav på skada för att prisavdraget ska kunna göras gällande.
Angående prisavdragets beräkning framgår att värdeskillnaden ska beräknas objektivt i den mån detta enkelt kan göras. Detta bör främst vara aktuellt när en immateriell tjänst i viss mån har brustit i en resultatförpliktelse där det går att fastställa en värdedifferens enligt den proportionella metoden. Vid omsorgsförpliktelser eller där ingen skada har inträffat, har HD uttalat att bedömningen ska ske normstyrt i första hand, men vid avsaknaden av normer får beräkningen ske skönsmässigt. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9046374
- author
- Hammarling, Johannes LU
- supervisor
- organization
- alternative title
- Price deduction in intangible services in unregulated law. Particular in commercial relationships where penalties have not been regulated in the contract
- course
- JURM02 20211
- year
- 2021
- type
- H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
- subject
- keywords
- Avtalsrätt, förmögenhetsrätt, civilrätt
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 9046374
- date added to LUP
- 2021-06-21 07:53:24
- date last changed
- 2021-06-21 07:53:24
@misc{9046374,
abstract = {{A business relationship is usually regulated by an agreement between the parties which states which penalties will be applicable in the event of a breach of contract. In the absence of an agreement or lack of specific terms regarding penalties in the agreement, the dispute must be resolved in accordance with the law. However, the Swedish civil law is fragmentary, which means that it does not contain a general civil law that covers all dispute situations that may occur. The legislator has chosen to legislate on practically important phenomena, but many types of services are unregulated. In case a situation arises, which is not regulated by any law, the dispute must be resolved in accordance with unwritten law. It is uncertain in the legal literature whether price deduction (Swe: prisavdrag) can be applied to intangible services (Swe: immateriella tjänster) in unregulated cases.
The thesis establishes the applicable law related to the applicability of the price deduction on intangible services in unresolved cases. The legal dogmatic method is used in the essay. The concept of intangible services as well as the contractor’s general obligations is explained in the essay. Thereafter, the price deduction on the legally regulated area is presented to provide the reader with relevant knowledge in order to understand the analysis. The analysis then examines and explains the price deduction on the unregulated area for intangible services.
The investigation shows that the price deduction can be applied to intangible service agreements in general, but that it is uncertain whether price deduction can be applied to certain types of intangible services that are charged by the hour. It has been established that insignificant breach of contract should not mean that a right to a price deduction occurs. It appears from the investigation that the price deduction works poorly when the service is delayed, although that this should not be understood as if the sanction in no cases can be applicable when an intangible service is delayed. The price deduction should constitute the primary penalty for intangible services, provided that there is no clear support in Swedish law that says otherwise. It has also been established that there is no need for damage in order for a price deduction to occur in intangible services.
Regarding the calculation of the price deduction, it appears that the value difference must be calculated objectively to the extent that this can be done. This should be relevant mainly when an intangible service to some extent have breached a performance obligation (Swe: resultatförpliktelse) and where it is possible to determine a value difference in accordance with the proportional method. In the case of care obligations (Swe: omsorgsförpliktelser) and where no damage has occurred, the supreme court (Swe: Högsta dosmtolen) has stated that the calculation shall be norm-driven, but in the absence of norms, the calculation may be made at discretion.}},
author = {{Hammarling, Johannes}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Prisavdrag vid immateriella tjänster i oreglerade fall. Särskilt om kommersiella förhållanden där påföljden inte reglerats i avtal.}},
year = {{2021}},
}