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Förhållandet mellan skatteavtal och intern rätt inom EU - En fallstudie om skatteavtalet mellan Sverige och Portugal

Kalman, Dajana LU (2021) JURM02 20211
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
With increased globalization in the world, there are more cross-border situations between two countries that in one way or another affect both companies and individuals. This essay focuses on what, for tax purposes, can happen to the individual in a cross-border situation. In such a situation, there is a risk that the taxpayer will be subject to double taxation as both the state of residence and the source state may have the right to claim taxation of income collected by the taxpayer. To avoid this type of problem where one and the same income can be subject to taxation in two countries, the countries can enter into tax agreements that aim, among other things, to eliminate or alleviate any double taxation that may arise. An agreement... (More)
With increased globalization in the world, there are more cross-border situations between two countries that in one way or another affect both companies and individuals. This essay focuses on what, for tax purposes, can happen to the individual in a cross-border situation. In such a situation, there is a risk that the taxpayer will be subject to double taxation as both the state of residence and the source state may have the right to claim taxation of income collected by the taxpayer. To avoid this type of problem where one and the same income can be subject to taxation in two countries, the countries can enter into tax agreements that aim, among other things, to eliminate or alleviate any double taxation that may arise. An agreement between two countries has a dimension of international law where internal law may in one way or another be affected. The inquiry has clarified how a tax agreement relates to internal law. The main rule has always been that the tax agreement takes precedence over internal law, but recent practice has left room for exceptional cases where the internal law precedes a tax agreement.

The primary purpose of the thesis has been to investigate the legal situation between Sweden and Portugal as the tax agreement between these two countries has been terminated by Sweden. A termination, brings with it many questions. Both Sweden and Portugal are members of the EU, which means that there is an EU legal perspective to take into account in that situation. An issue that has been touched upon in order to investigate the primary purpose of the thesis is how EU law relates to internal law. Here it has been shown that the Member States have a far-reaching obligation to ensure that internal law does not impede or interfere with the free movement and internal market of the EU. On that basis, it has been of interest to analyze whether the termination of a tax agreement between two EU member states can be prevented by EU law in one way or another. In any case, the inquiry has shown that EU law does not require that tax agreements be concluded between member states, even if it indirectly requires that free movement and the internal market are not hindered. On the other hand, one could make the assumption that an internal rule that is incompatible with EU law and that is neutralized by a tax agreement, would return to having a discriminatory effect through termination. The consequent question that arises with that assumption is whether the dismissal per se can take place before the state has remedied the discriminatory obstacle that is brought to life in connection with the termination of the tax agreement. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Med en ökad globalisering i världen sker fler gränsöverskridande situationer mellan två länder som på ett eller annat sätt påverkar både företag och de enskilda. Denna uppsats fokuserar på vad som, skattemässigt, kan ske för den enskilda i en gränsöverskridande situation. Vid en sådan situation finns det risk för att den skattskyldige utsätts för en dubbelbeskattning då både hemviststaten och källstaten kan ha rätt att göra anspråk på beskattning av inkomst som uppbärs av den skattskyldige. För att undvika denna typ av problematik där en och samma inkomst kan bli föremål för beskattning i två länder, kan länderna ingå skatteavtal som syftar bland annat till att undanröja eller lindra den eventuella dubbelbeskattning som kan uppstå. Ett... (More)
Med en ökad globalisering i världen sker fler gränsöverskridande situationer mellan två länder som på ett eller annat sätt påverkar både företag och de enskilda. Denna uppsats fokuserar på vad som, skattemässigt, kan ske för den enskilda i en gränsöverskridande situation. Vid en sådan situation finns det risk för att den skattskyldige utsätts för en dubbelbeskattning då både hemviststaten och källstaten kan ha rätt att göra anspråk på beskattning av inkomst som uppbärs av den skattskyldige. För att undvika denna typ av problematik där en och samma inkomst kan bli föremål för beskattning i två länder, kan länderna ingå skatteavtal som syftar bland annat till att undanröja eller lindra den eventuella dubbelbeskattning som kan uppstå. Ett avtal mellan två länder har en folkrättslig dimension där den interna rätten på ett eller annat sätt kan komma att påverkas. Utredningen har klargjort hur ett skatteavtal förhåller sig till den interna rätt. Huvudregeln har alltid varit att skatteavtalet går före intern rätt, men av nyare praxis har det lämnats utrymme för undantagsfall då den interna rätten går före ett skatteavtal.

Det primära syftet med uppsatsen har varit att utreda rättsläge mellan Sverige och Portugal då skatteavtalet mellan dessa två länder har sagts upp från Sveriges sida. Med en uppsägning aktualiseras flertalet frågor. Både Sverige och Portugal är medlemmar i EU vilket föranleder att det finns ett EU-rättsligt perspektiv att ta hänsyn till i den situationen. En frågeställning som har tangerats för att kunna utreda det primära syftet med uppsatsen är hur EU-rätten förhåller sig till den interna rätten. Här har det visats sig att medlemsstaterna har en långtgående skyldighet att säkerställa att den interna rätten inte hindrar eller stör den fria rörligheten och den inre marknaden inom EU. Med den utgångspunkten har det varit av intresse att analysera om en uppsägning av ett skatteavtal mellan två medlemsländer inom EU kan hindras av EU-rätten på ett eller annat sätt. Utredningen har i vart fall visat att EU-rätten inte ställer krav på att det ska ingås skatteavtal mellan medlemsländerna även om det indirekt ställs krav på att den fria rörligheten och den inre marknaden inte ska hindras. Däremot skulle man kunna göra antagandet att en intern regel som är oförenlig med EU-rätten och som neutraliseras genom ett skatteavtal, skulle genom en uppsägning återgå till att ha en diskriminerande effekt. Följdfrågan som uppstår med det antagandet är om uppsägningen per se kan ske innan staten har åtgärdat det diskriminerande hindret som väcks till liv i samband med uppsägningen av skatteavtalet. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Kalman, Dajana LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
The relationship between tax treaties and internal law within the EU - A case study on the tax agreement between Sweden and Portugal
course
JURM02 20211
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
EU-rätt, skatterätt, folkrätt, skatteavtal
language
Swedish
id
9046481
date added to LUP
2021-06-13 12:39:29
date last changed
2021-06-13 12:39:29
@misc{9046481,
  abstract     = {{With increased globalization in the world, there are more cross-border situations between two countries that in one way or another affect both companies and individuals. This essay focuses on what, for tax purposes, can happen to the individual in a cross-border situation. In such a situation, there is a risk that the taxpayer will be subject to double taxation as both the state of residence and the source state may have the right to claim taxation of income collected by the taxpayer. To avoid this type of problem where one and the same income can be subject to taxation in two countries, the countries can enter into tax agreements that aim, among other things, to eliminate or alleviate any double taxation that may arise. An agreement between two countries has a dimension of international law where internal law may in one way or another be affected. The inquiry has clarified how a tax agreement relates to internal law. The main rule has always been that the tax agreement takes precedence over internal law, but recent practice has left room for exceptional cases where the internal law precedes a tax agreement.

The primary purpose of the thesis has been to investigate the legal situation between Sweden and Portugal as the tax agreement between these two countries has been terminated by Sweden. A termination, brings with it many questions. Both Sweden and Portugal are members of the EU, which means that there is an EU legal perspective to take into account in that situation. An issue that has been touched upon in order to investigate the primary purpose of the thesis is how EU law relates to internal law. Here it has been shown that the Member States have a far-reaching obligation to ensure that internal law does not impede or interfere with the free movement and internal market of the EU. On that basis, it has been of interest to analyze whether the termination of a tax agreement between two EU member states can be prevented by EU law in one way or another. In any case, the inquiry has shown that EU law does not require that tax agreements be concluded between member states, even if it indirectly requires that free movement and the internal market are not hindered. On the other hand, one could make the assumption that an internal rule that is incompatible with EU law and that is neutralized by a tax agreement, would return to having a discriminatory effect through termination. The consequent question that arises with that assumption is whether the dismissal per se can take place before the state has remedied the discriminatory obstacle that is brought to life in connection with the termination of the tax agreement.}},
  author       = {{Kalman, Dajana}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Förhållandet mellan skatteavtal och intern rätt inom EU - En fallstudie om skatteavtalet mellan Sverige och Portugal}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}