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Naming Injustice, Reimagining Justice: How Victim-Survivors of Sexual Violence in Portugal Perceive Criminal Justice and its Alternatives

Martins Vasconcelos Senra, Juliana Rafaela LU (2021) SOLM02 20211
Department of Sociology of Law
Abstract
This thesis addresses the sexual violence justice gap in Portugal descriptively by questioning how victim-survivors of these crimes experience and/or perceive criminal justice, including those that have resorted to formal law and those that haven’t Normatively, it reflects on the justice needs of victim-survivors of sexual violence and connects these needs to the restorative justice movement - an umbrella term for non-carceral responses to sexual violence, including inputs from feminism, abolitionism and social harm theory. It thus aims to explore innovative survivor-centered justice models and draft policy recommendations specific to the Portuguese context.
The data was collected through 7 in-depth semi-structured interviews with... (More)
This thesis addresses the sexual violence justice gap in Portugal descriptively by questioning how victim-survivors of these crimes experience and/or perceive criminal justice, including those that have resorted to formal law and those that haven’t Normatively, it reflects on the justice needs of victim-survivors of sexual violence and connects these needs to the restorative justice movement - an umbrella term for non-carceral responses to sexual violence, including inputs from feminism, abolitionism and social harm theory. It thus aims to explore innovative survivor-centered justice models and draft policy recommendations specific to the Portuguese context.
The data was collected through 7 in-depth semi-structured interviews with female-identifying victim-survivors of sexual violence. Liz Kelly’s continuum of sexual violence was used to describe the range of their experiences, namely as some overlapped with domestic violence situations. The theoretical framework centers on Bourdieu’s theory of law’s symbolic power, reflecting on how the juridical field and other social fields impact the victimological experience of sexual violence, namely focusing on the experience of recognising injustice. In this process, the law is seen, as in Bourdieu, as a constructor of social reality, but his analysis is expanded to include other powerful acts of naming relevant to victim-survivors’ process of coming to terms with their victimization.
The research found that, in the Portuguese context, a lack of awareness of gender-based violence and patriarchal cultural norms contribute to the normalization of violence. It finds that the recognition of violence is hindered by this context, and that emphasis should be placed on understanding the barriers to this recognition. In crimes of sexual violence, it is found that law’s symbolic power is eroded due to a widespread notion of their impunity, affecting law’s legitimacy and thus its normativity. This is tied to a disbelief in punishment as a solution for crime, and to an interest in alternative, non-carceral justice models. The research finds that victim-survivors already fulfill some of their justice needs through means beyond the law, showing how these should be further investigated as models of survivor-centered justice. (Less)
Abstract (Portuguese)
Esta tese debruça-se sobre a lacuna de justiça na violência sexual em Portugal, questionando como vítimas-sobreviventes destes crimes experienciam e/ou percecionam a justiça criminal, incluindo aquelas/es que recorreram à justiça formal e aquelas/es que não o fizeram. Normativamente, reflete sobre as necessidades de justiça de vítimas-sobreviventes de violência sexual e associa estas necessidades ao movimento da justiça restaurativa - um termo que engloba uma série de respostas não-carcerais à violência sexual, com influência dos movimentos feministas, abolicionistas e da teoria do dano social. Pretende então explorar modelos de justiça inovadores, centrados nas sobreviventes, e emitir recomendações para políticas públicas específicas ao... (More)
Esta tese debruça-se sobre a lacuna de justiça na violência sexual em Portugal, questionando como vítimas-sobreviventes destes crimes experienciam e/ou percecionam a justiça criminal, incluindo aquelas/es que recorreram à justiça formal e aquelas/es que não o fizeram. Normativamente, reflete sobre as necessidades de justiça de vítimas-sobreviventes de violência sexual e associa estas necessidades ao movimento da justiça restaurativa - um termo que engloba uma série de respostas não-carcerais à violência sexual, com influência dos movimentos feministas, abolicionistas e da teoria do dano social. Pretende então explorar modelos de justiça inovadores, centrados nas sobreviventes, e emitir recomendações para políticas públicas específicas ao contexto português.
Os dados foram recolhidos através de 7 entrevistas semi-estruturadas com vítimas-sobreviventes de violência sexual que se identificam como mulheres. O conceito de Liz Kelly do contínuo da violência sexual foi usado para descrever a variedade das suas experiências, nomeadamente tendo em conta que algumas coincidiam com situações de violência doméstica. A tese adota a teoria do poder simbólico da lei de Bourdieu, refletindo no modo como o campo jurídico e outros campos sociais afetam a experiência vitimológica da violência sexual, nomeadamente focando-se na experiência do reconhecimento da injustiça nela presente. Neste processo, a lei é vista, como em Bourdieu, como um construtor da realidade social, mas a sua análise é expandida para incluir outros poderosos atos de nomeação e construção da realidade, relevantes para o processo das vítimas-sobreviventes de reconhecerem a sua vitimização.
A tese conclui que, no contexto Português, uma falta de consciência da violência de género, bem como normas culturais patriarcais enraizadas, contribuem para a normalização desta violência. O reconhecimento deste tipo de violência é prejudicado por este contexto, e portanto entender as barreiras sociais e culturais a este reconhecimento é crucial. Nos crimes de violência sexual, demonstrou-se que o poder simbólico da lei se encontra diminuido graças a uma generalizada crença na impunidade destes crimes, o que afeta a legitimidade e poder normativo da lei. Isto pode ser associado a uma descrença no castigo como solução para o crime, e a um notável interessse em modelos de justiça não-carcerais. A tese mostra ainda que as vítimas-sobreviventes já satisfazem algumas das suas necessidades de justiça através de meios para além da lei, mostrando como estes devem ser investigados e fortalecidos como modos de justiça centrada nas e nos sobreviventes. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Martins Vasconcelos Senra, Juliana Rafaela LU
supervisor
organization
course
SOLM02 20211
year
type
H2 - Master's Degree (Two Years)
subject
keywords
Sexual Violence, Restorative Justice, Criminal Justice, Gender-based Violence, Access to Justice, Bourdieu, Portugal.
language
English
id
9049626
date added to LUP
2021-07-07 12:41:57
date last changed
2021-07-07 12:41:57
@misc{9049626,
  abstract     = {{This thesis addresses the sexual violence justice gap in Portugal descriptively by questioning how victim-survivors of these crimes experience and/or perceive criminal justice, including those that have resorted to formal law and those that haven’t Normatively, it reflects on the justice needs of victim-survivors of sexual violence and connects these needs to the restorative justice movement - an umbrella term for non-carceral responses to sexual violence, including inputs from feminism, abolitionism and social harm theory. It thus aims to explore innovative survivor-centered justice models and draft policy recommendations specific to the Portuguese context.
The data was collected through 7 in-depth semi-structured interviews with female-identifying victim-survivors of sexual violence. Liz Kelly’s continuum of sexual violence was used to describe the range of their experiences, namely as some overlapped with domestic violence situations. The theoretical framework centers on Bourdieu’s theory of law’s symbolic power, reflecting on how the juridical field and other social fields impact the victimological experience of sexual violence, namely focusing on the experience of recognising injustice. In this process, the law is seen, as in Bourdieu, as a constructor of social reality, but his analysis is expanded to include other powerful acts of naming relevant to victim-survivors’ process of coming to terms with their victimization.
The research found that, in the Portuguese context, a lack of awareness of gender-based violence and patriarchal cultural norms contribute to the normalization of violence. It finds that the recognition of violence is hindered by this context, and that emphasis should be placed on understanding the barriers to this recognition. In crimes of sexual violence, it is found that law’s symbolic power is eroded due to a widespread notion of their impunity, affecting law’s legitimacy and thus its normativity. This is tied to a disbelief in punishment as a solution for crime, and to an interest in alternative, non-carceral justice models. The research finds that victim-survivors already fulfill some of their justice needs through means beyond the law, showing how these should be further investigated as models of survivor-centered justice.}},
  author       = {{Martins Vasconcelos Senra, Juliana Rafaela}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Naming Injustice, Reimagining Justice: How Victim-Survivors of Sexual Violence in Portugal Perceive Criminal Justice and its Alternatives}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}