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En minoritetsaktieägare som både är anställd och styrelseledamot – Möjligheter att frånträda en konkurrensklausul i s.k. aktieägar- eller aktieöverlåtelseavtal.

Alija, Mensur LU (2021) HARH13 20202
Department of Business Law
Abstract
This thesis investigates a minority shareholder which is booth an employee and a board member rights and opportunities in a limited liability shareholders company, availabilities to deviate from a non-compete clause insurrected to a shareholder or share transfer agreement. Non-compete clauses can be entered into individually or in combination in one or more forms of agreement. Individuals in a small shareholders company may hold one or more positions in association with the company, such as board member, employee, or is a shareholder. The thesis will mainly analyze and problematizes non-compete clauses that are added in singular or combined forms of agreement such as commercial agreements e.g shareholder- and share transfer agreements and... (More)
This thesis investigates a minority shareholder which is booth an employee and a board member rights and opportunities in a limited liability shareholders company, availabilities to deviate from a non-compete clause insurrected to a shareholder or share transfer agreement. Non-compete clauses can be entered into individually or in combination in one or more forms of agreement. Individuals in a small shareholders company may hold one or more positions in association with the company, such as board member, employee, or is a shareholder. The thesis will mainly analyze and problematizes non-compete clauses that are added in singular or combined forms of agreement such as commercial agreements e.g shareholder- and share transfer agreements and employment contract. Commercial agreements are usually concluded between traders and are assessed on the basis of the Swedish contract law (sw: avtalslagen). On the other hand, it is also the case that non-compete clauses which are included in employment contract or effects the employment are assessed on the basis of labour law principles. The study concludes that in regard to the assessments of commercial law and its principles vis-à-vis labour law comparatively business community own agreement (1969 years agreement) - to be somewhat inconsistent and unpredictable when assessing non-compete clauses. A minority shareholder who also is board members are not covered by the Employment Protection Act (LAS) 1§ p.1 or the business community's own agreements: 1969 years agreement, as they are considered to be in a senior-and leading position.
Court practice and verdicts on the other hand has shown in regard to exemption rule 1§ p.1 (LAS) that board member, shareholder who have had a formal leading position, in some cases after an overall assessment can be assessed to be in a none leading- or senior position. The study therefore concludes that when there is traits of labor dispute or board member is considered to be in a non-senior position, LAS or 1969 years agreement automatically does not become available and overrule contract law or the mutual arrangement based on commercial law. Its principles in regard to share transfer protection interest, just because someone is considered in a non-senior position. This meaning that circumvention of the shareholder acquirer protection interest, could not be disregarded just because LAS and 1969 years agreement is eligible. Which otherwise would have had different set of rules in regard to claim and obligations. Which also otherwise would have risked the shareholder acquirer, interest and guarantees based on which law that got assessed, court verdicts has shown. When forecasting non-compete clauses combined in commercial agreements the study conclusion does not mean uncertainty regarding the protection interest for the shareholder acquirer and generally for share transfer agreements in regard to booth length and compensation claims, which otherwise differ depending on which law that get assessed. Conversely this conclusion also means that the share transfer protection interest in regard to indirect takeovers does not inflict uncertainty for the compensation claims, length and obligations. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Uppsatsen ska utreda minoritetsaktieägare som både är anställda och styrelseledamöter, möjligheter att frånträda en konkurrensklausul i ett s.k. aktieägar- eller aktieöverlåtelseavtal. Konkurrensklausuler kan intas enskilt eller i kombination i fler än en bolagsroll, och för olika avtalsformer. Personer kan i ett aktiebolag inneha en eller flera roller i association till bolaget som exv. styrelsemedlem, anställd eller aktieägare, och därav vara uppknuten med en konkurrensklausul i fler än en position. Rättigheter och skyldigheter skiljer sig rollerna åt. I uppsatsen problematiseras och analyseras konkurrensklausuler som intas separat, eller i kombination för fler än en avtalsform såsom i exempelvis kommersiella avtalsbindningar, och i... (More)
Uppsatsen ska utreda minoritetsaktieägare som både är anställda och styrelseledamöter, möjligheter att frånträda en konkurrensklausul i ett s.k. aktieägar- eller aktieöverlåtelseavtal. Konkurrensklausuler kan intas enskilt eller i kombination i fler än en bolagsroll, och för olika avtalsformer. Personer kan i ett aktiebolag inneha en eller flera roller i association till bolaget som exv. styrelsemedlem, anställd eller aktieägare, och därav vara uppknuten med en konkurrensklausul i fler än en position. Rättigheter och skyldigheter skiljer sig rollerna åt. I uppsatsen problematiseras och analyseras konkurrensklausuler som intas separat, eller i kombination för fler än en avtalsform såsom i exempelvis kommersiella avtalsbindningar, och i synnerhet aktieägar- och aktieöverlåtelseavtal. Kommersiella avtal sluts vanligtvis mellan näringsidkare och bedöms utifrån avtalsrättsliga principer. Det är emellertid också som så att konkurrensklausuler som å andra sidan intas i anställningsavtal bedöms utifrån arbetsrättsliga principer. Problematiskt blir det när konkurrensklausuler som intagits utifrån i en eller flera bolagsroller, i en eller flera avtalsformer, när de korsvis inträder i varandras rättsområden. Utredningen kommer fram till att skälighetsbedömningar utifrån 38§ AvtL i relation till, näringslivet egna avtal: 1969 års överenskommelse om konkurrensklausuler, förefaller inkonsekvent tillämpad i praxis.
Huvudsakligen undersöktes möjligheterna för en minoritets-aktieägare som dessutom är styrelsemedlem och anställd olika möjligheter att frångå en konkurrensklausul. Anställda som också är styrelsemedlemmar omfattas inte av Lag (1982:80) om anställningsskydd (LAS) 1 § p.1 eller 1969 års överenskommelse, eftersom de anses vara ledande befattningshavare. Praxis har å andra sidan visat på särskilda omständigheter, vid en självständighetsprövning, för en styrelsemedlem, som blivit avskurna sina befogenheter, kan bedömas vara i icke-ledande ställning. LAS eller 1969 års överenskommelse kan då bli tillämpligt i sådan prövning. Detta skulle vara särskilt problematiskt för en förvärvare som förlitar sig på aktieöverlåtelseintresset och garantier i ett kommersiellt avtal. Utredningen kommer fram till att inga särskilda eller märkbara omständigheter skulle kunna innebära att undantaget ifrån LAS blir tillämpligt för en styrelsemedlem, aktieägare, eller anställd som villkorats med en/flera konkurrensklausuler i ett kommersiellt avtal utifrån praxis. Praxis har även visat på även om en bolagsperson utifrån en självständighetsprövning skulle bedömas vara i icke-ledande ställning, så skulle det arbetsrättsliga spörsmålet utifrån helhetsbedömning ej få företräde framför det kommersiella. Därmed resulterande i att de kommersiella avtalsprinciperna ej undanträngs för att ge plats åt de arbetsrättsliga. Resultatet innebär att konkurrensklausuler i kommersiella avtal, ej kan anses föranstaltas av osäkerhet som till exempel vid indirekta övertaganden. Gällande dels kompensation, avtalsbundenhet och förpliktelser. I synnerhet gäller utredningen styrelsemedlemmar som har en särskilt utsatt position som minoritetsaktieägare i ett fåmansbolag eller har blivit avskurna sina befogenheter. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Alija, Mensur LU
supervisor
organization
course
HARH13 20202
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
Konkurensklausuler, Kommersiella avtal, Aktieägaravtal, Aktieöverlåtelseavtal, Avtalsrätt, Arbetsrätt, Aktiebolagslagen, Non-compete claus, Commercial agreement, Shareholder agreement, Share transfer agreement, Contract-law, Labour law, Limited liability company law.
language
Swedish
id
9061646
date added to LUP
2021-08-20 12:11:06
date last changed
2021-08-20 12:11:06
@misc{9061646,
  abstract     = {{This thesis investigates a minority shareholder which is booth an employee and a board member rights and opportunities in a limited liability shareholders company, availabilities to deviate from a non-compete clause insurrected to a shareholder or share transfer agreement. Non-compete clauses can be entered into individually or in combination in one or more forms of agreement. Individuals in a small shareholders company may hold one or more positions in association with the company, such as board member, employee, or is a shareholder. The thesis will mainly analyze and problematizes non-compete clauses that are added in singular or combined forms of agreement such as commercial agreements e.g shareholder- and share transfer agreements and employment contract. Commercial agreements are usually concluded between traders and are assessed on the basis of the Swedish contract law (sw: avtalslagen). On the other hand, it is also the case that non-compete clauses which are included in employment contract or effects the employment are assessed on the basis of labour law principles. The study concludes that in regard to the assessments of commercial law and its principles vis-à-vis labour law comparatively business community own agreement (1969 years agreement) - to be somewhat inconsistent and unpredictable when assessing non-compete clauses. A minority shareholder who also is board members are not covered by the Employment Protection Act (LAS) 1§ p.1 or the business community's own agreements: 1969 years agreement, as they are considered to be in a senior-and leading position. 
	Court practice and verdicts on the other hand has shown in regard to exemption rule 1§ p.1 (LAS) that board member, shareholder who have had a formal leading position, in some cases after an overall assessment can be assessed to be in a none leading- or senior position. The study therefore concludes that when there is traits of labor dispute or board member is considered to be in a non-senior position, LAS or 1969 years agreement automatically does not become available and overrule contract law or the mutual arrangement based on commercial law. Its principles in regard to share transfer protection interest, just because someone is considered in a non-senior position. This meaning that circumvention of the shareholder acquirer protection interest, could not be disregarded just because LAS and 1969 years agreement is eligible. Which otherwise would have had different set of rules in regard to claim and obligations. Which also otherwise would have risked the shareholder acquirer, interest and guarantees based on which law that got assessed, court verdicts has shown. When forecasting non-compete clauses combined in commercial agreements the study conclusion does not mean uncertainty regarding the protection interest for the shareholder acquirer and generally for share transfer agreements in regard to booth length and compensation claims, which otherwise differ depending on which law that get assessed. Conversely this conclusion also means that the share transfer protection interest in regard to indirect takeovers does not inflict uncertainty for the compensation claims, length and obligations.}},
  author       = {{Alija, Mensur}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{En minoritetsaktieägare som både är anställd och styrelseledamot – Möjligheter att frånträda en konkurrensklausul i s.k. aktieägar- eller aktieöverlåtelseavtal.}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}