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Omedelbarhetsprincipen - Ett hinder mot en effektiv brottmålsprocess eller en nödvändighet för upprätthållandet av rättssäkerheten?

Ljungberg Palm, Josefine LU (2021) LAGF03 20212
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Den rådande rättspolitiska debatten avseende omedelbarhetsprincipen och dess behov av reform har lett till ett flertal offentliga utredningar och propositioner. Dessa förslag har under uppsatsskrivandets gång resulterat i lagändringar medförande att tidiga förhör får åberopas som bevis i domstol.
Syftet med denna framställning är att med avstamp i förarbetena till 1948 års rättegångsbalk göra en jämförelse med motsvarande argument framställda i modern tid avseende omedelbarhetsprincipens relevans som en del av rättssäkerheten kontra strävandet efter ett mer effektivt brottmålsförfarande. Frågeställningen besvaras genom tillämpning av rättsdogmatisk och rättsanalytisk metod.
Omedelbarhet ansågs vid ikraftträdandet av rättegångsbalken som... (More)
Den rådande rättspolitiska debatten avseende omedelbarhetsprincipen och dess behov av reform har lett till ett flertal offentliga utredningar och propositioner. Dessa förslag har under uppsatsskrivandets gång resulterat i lagändringar medförande att tidiga förhör får åberopas som bevis i domstol.
Syftet med denna framställning är att med avstamp i förarbetena till 1948 års rättegångsbalk göra en jämförelse med motsvarande argument framställda i modern tid avseende omedelbarhetsprincipens relevans som en del av rättssäkerheten kontra strävandet efter ett mer effektivt brottmålsförfarande. Frågeställningen besvaras genom tillämpning av rättsdogmatisk och rättsanalytisk metod.
Omedelbarhet ansågs vid ikraftträdandet av rättegångsbalken som en nödvändig konsekvens av den fria bevisprövningen. Därtill ansågs principen tillsammans med muntlighets-, koncentrations- och kontradiktionsprincipen utgöra en central beståndsdel av rättssäkerheten. Strävandet efter snabbhet och billighet i processen uppgavs som sekundära syften vilka inte fick äventyra ett säkert avgörande.
Samhället har sedan rättegångsbalkens ikraftträdande genomgått stora förändringar vilket motiverat ifrågasättandet och efterföljande inskränkningar av de grundläggande processrättsliga principerna. Kritiken som riktats mot Sverige rörande långa häktningstider och restriktioner har motiverat argumenten för ett mer effektivt brottmålsförfarande. En inskränkning av omedelbarhetsprincipen anser förslagets förespråkare kommer leda till bland annat ökade förutsättningar för materiellt riktiga domar, ökad effektivitet, minskad påfrestning för förhörspersoner samt minskad kollusionsfara.
Förslagets opponenter menar att inskränkningen kommer bidra till en ökad maktobalans mellan åklagare och försvar då de processuella principerna är ämnade att jämna ut denna obalans. Därtill framhåller motståndarna att rättssäkerheten för den misstänkte inte kan garanteras då försvaret under förundersökningen inte har full insyn i utredningen och relevanta frågor därför inte kan ställas. Vidare hävdar kritikerna att ett förhör under förundersökningen inte skyddas av samma rättssäkerhetsgarantier som vid upptagande av muntlig bevisning i domstol.
I uppsatsen dras slutsatsen att en inskränkning av omedelbarhetsprincipen, vilket lagändringarna om tidiga förhör innebär, får konsekvenser även på andra grundläggande processrättsliga principer. Följden av detta blir att omedelbarhetsprincipen, som en del av rättssäkerheten, får ge vika för ett mer effektivt brottmålsförfarande. (Less)
Abstract
The current legal policy debate regarding the principle of immediacy and its needs for reform has led to several Swedish Government Official Reports and government bills. During the writing of this essay, these proposals have resulted in amendment of an act; early non-public hearings may now be plead as evidence in court.
The purpose of this thesis is to make a comparison between corresponding arguments presented in modern time regarding the relevance of the principle of immediacy, based on the legislative history of the Swedish code of Juridical procedure. Furthermore, incorporating the part of the rule of law against the interest of a more efficient criminal procedure. The question at issue is answered by applying legal dogmatic and... (More)
The current legal policy debate regarding the principle of immediacy and its needs for reform has led to several Swedish Government Official Reports and government bills. During the writing of this essay, these proposals have resulted in amendment of an act; early non-public hearings may now be plead as evidence in court.
The purpose of this thesis is to make a comparison between corresponding arguments presented in modern time regarding the relevance of the principle of immediacy, based on the legislative history of the Swedish code of Juridical procedure. Furthermore, incorporating the part of the rule of law against the interest of a more efficient criminal procedure. The question at issue is answered by applying legal dogmatic and legal analytical method.
The principle of immediacy was considered as a necessary consequence of the principle of free examination of evidence upon the entry into force of the Swedish Code of Judical Procedure. In addition, the principle, together with the principle of orality, the principle of concentration and the principle of an adversarial procedure was seen as essential components of the rule of law. The pursuit of an efficient process was stated as a secondary purpose, which were not to jeopardize the rule of law.
Since the entry into force of the Swedish Code of Judicial Procedure, society has undergone major changes, which has justified the questioning and subsequent restrictions of the fundamental principles of procedural law. The criticism directed towards Sweden regarding long detention periods and restrictions has justified the arguments for a more efficient criminal procedure. Proponents of the principle of immediacy believe that the subsequent restrictions will lead to increased conditions for materially correct court decisions, increased efficiency, reduced strain on interrogators and finally a reduced risk of tampering with evidence.
The opponents of the proposal believe that the restriction will contribute to a decreased balance of power between prosecutors and the defense, as the procedural principles are intended to even out this inequity. Furthermore, the opponents emphasize that the rule of law cannot be guaranteed for the suspect as the defense, during the preliminary investigation, does not have full transparency in the investigation and relevant questions can therefore not be asked. Lastly, the critics claim that an interrogation during the preliminary investigation is not protected by the same guarantees of the rule of law as when admitting oral evidence in court.
The essay concludes that the restriction of the principle of immediacy, which the amendment of the law on early interrogations entails, also has consequences for the fundamental procedural principles. The consequence of this is that the principle of immediacy, as part of the rule of law, may concede in favor for a more efficient criminal procedure. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Ljungberg Palm, Josefine LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20212
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
Straffrätt, processrätt, straffprocessrätt, rättssäkerhet, omedelbarhetsprincipen
language
Swedish
id
9069855
date added to LUP
2022-02-15 11:41:17
date last changed
2022-02-15 11:41:17
@misc{9069855,
  abstract     = {{The current legal policy debate regarding the principle of immediacy and its needs for reform has led to several Swedish Government Official Reports and government bills. During the writing of this essay, these proposals have resulted in amendment of an act; early non-public hearings may now be plead as evidence in court.
The purpose of this thesis is to make a comparison between corresponding arguments presented in modern time regarding the relevance of the principle of immediacy, based on the legislative history of the Swedish code of Juridical procedure. Furthermore, incorporating the part of the rule of law against the interest of a more efficient criminal procedure. The question at issue is answered by applying legal dogmatic and legal analytical method.
The principle of immediacy was considered as a necessary consequence of the principle of free examination of evidence upon the entry into force of the Swedish Code of Judical Procedure. In addition, the principle, together with the principle of orality, the principle of concentration and the principle of an adversarial procedure was seen as essential components of the rule of law. The pursuit of an efficient process was stated as a secondary purpose, which were not to jeopardize the rule of law.
Since the entry into force of the Swedish Code of Judicial Procedure, society has undergone major changes, which has justified the questioning and subsequent restrictions of the fundamental principles of procedural law. The criticism directed towards Sweden regarding long detention periods and restrictions has justified the arguments for a more efficient criminal procedure. Proponents of the principle of immediacy believe that the subsequent restrictions will lead to increased conditions for materially correct court decisions, increased efficiency, reduced strain on interrogators and finally a reduced risk of tampering with evidence.
The opponents of the proposal believe that the restriction will contribute to a decreased balance of power between prosecutors and the defense, as the procedural principles are intended to even out this inequity. Furthermore, the opponents emphasize that the rule of law cannot be guaranteed for the suspect as the defense, during the preliminary investigation, does not have full transparency in the investigation and relevant questions can therefore not be asked. Lastly, the critics claim that an interrogation during the preliminary investigation is not protected by the same guarantees of the rule of law as when admitting oral evidence in court.
The essay concludes that the restriction of the principle of immediacy, which the amendment of the law on early interrogations entails, also has consequences for the fundamental procedural principles. The consequence of this is that the principle of immediacy, as part of the rule of law, may concede in favor for a more efficient criminal procedure.}},
  author       = {{Ljungberg Palm, Josefine}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Omedelbarhetsprincipen - Ett hinder mot en effektiv brottmålsprocess eller en nödvändighet för upprätthållandet av rättssäkerheten?}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}