Gemensamt haveri som ansvarsbegränsning
(2021) LAGF03 20212Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract (Swedish)
- Denna uppsats kommer att behandla den internationella sjörättsprincipen gemensamt haveri samt ställa den mot den svenska lagstiftningen om ansvarsbegränsningar och friskrivningar. Syftet är att kolla på principen ur perspektivet vad den innebär för ansvarsbegränsningar för de inblandade parterna och för att sedan se vad den svenska rätten säger om ansvarsbegränsningar och ställa de två emot varandra.
Enligt ovan så kommer frågeställningen för uppsatsen vara: Vad innebär principen gemensamt haveri för ansvarsbegränsningar och hur förhåller sig dem till svensk rätt?
Gemensamt haveri är en sjörättslig princip som tros vara mer än 4000 år gammal. Första gången den var kodifierad var av kejsare Justinian av Rom ca 533 e.kr och har varit... (More) - Denna uppsats kommer att behandla den internationella sjörättsprincipen gemensamt haveri samt ställa den mot den svenska lagstiftningen om ansvarsbegränsningar och friskrivningar. Syftet är att kolla på principen ur perspektivet vad den innebär för ansvarsbegränsningar för de inblandade parterna och för att sedan se vad den svenska rätten säger om ansvarsbegränsningar och ställa de två emot varandra.
Enligt ovan så kommer frågeställningen för uppsatsen vara: Vad innebär principen gemensamt haveri för ansvarsbegränsningar och hur förhåller sig dem till svensk rätt?
Gemensamt haveri är en sjörättslig princip som tros vara mer än 4000 år gammal. Första gången den var kodifierad var av kejsare Justinian av Rom ca 533 e.kr och har varit aktuell inom sjörätten sedan dess. Idag finner man den i York-Antwerpen reglerna från 1890 och är accepterad av alla sjöfarande nationer.
Principen innebär att alla parter inblandade och med intresse i en sjötransport, t.ex. godsägare och skeppsägare, gemensamt ska dela på ansvaret, kostnaderna och riskerna associerade med detta om något skulle hända under resans gång. Det kan vara allt från kasta gods överbord för att undvika att sjunka till att fartyget kör på grund som Ever Given gjorde i Suez-kanalen våren 2021.
Principen om gemensamt haveri används endast inom sjörätten och inget annat transportsätt. Det är slående varför det endast är inom sjötransport en transportör får lov att göra en sådan ansvarsbegränsning. Inom till exempel flygtransport så får transportören själv så för kostnaderna i liknande situationer.
I den svenska rätten är en grundläggande princip att det råder avtalsfrihet, avtala med vem du vill om vad du vill. Detta kommer dock med vissa undantag som framförallt växt fram under 1900-talet, för att skydda mot ensidiga avtalsvillkor. Framförallt används 36 § AvtL för att förhindra att detta uppstår. Genom att kolla på förarbeten och praxis kan man komma fram till att det viktigaste när det gäller bedömningen om ett avtalsvillkor gällande ansvarsbegränsning är huruvida det råder partsbalans eller ej. Det måste upprätthålla en rimlig balans mellan parternas skyldigheter och rättigheter. (Less) - Abstract
- This essay will cover the international maritime law principle of general average and put it against the Swedish legislation on limitations of liability and disclaimers. The purpose is to look at the principle from the perspective of what limitations of liability the principle entails for the parties involved and to then look at what Swedish law says about limitations of liability and set the two against each other.
According to the above, the following question will be discussed in the essay: What does the principle of general average entail for limitations of liability and how do they relate to Swedish law?
General average is a maritime law principle that is believed to be more than 4000 years old. The first time it was codified... (More) - This essay will cover the international maritime law principle of general average and put it against the Swedish legislation on limitations of liability and disclaimers. The purpose is to look at the principle from the perspective of what limitations of liability the principle entails for the parties involved and to then look at what Swedish law says about limitations of liability and set the two against each other.
According to the above, the following question will be discussed in the essay: What does the principle of general average entail for limitations of liability and how do they relate to Swedish law?
General average is a maritime law principle that is believed to be more than 4000 years old. The first time it was codified was by Emperor Justinian of Rome around 533 AD and has been relevant in maritime law ever since then. Today it is found in the York-Antwerp rules from the 1890:s and is accepted by all seafaring nations.
The principle means that all parties involved and with an interest in a maritime transport, e.g. landowners and shipowners, jointly shall share the responsibility, costs and risks associated with this should anything happen during the voyage. It could be anything from throwing goods overboard to avoid sinking to the ship running aground as Ever Given did in the Suez Canal in the spring of 2021.
The principle of general average is used only in maritime law and no other mode of transport. It is striking why it is only in maritime transport that a carrier is allowed to make such a limitation of liability. In air transport, for example, the carrier himself is responsible for the costs in similar situations.
In Swedish law, a basic principle is that there is freedom of contract, agree with who you want on what you want. However, this comes with some exceptions that mainly emerged during the 20th century, to protect against unilateral contract terms. Above all, 36 § AvtL is used to prevent this from occurring. By looking at preparatory work and practice, it can be concluded that the most important thing when it comes to the assessment of a contractual term regarding limitation of liability is whether there is a party balance or not. It must maintain a reasonable balance between the obligations and rights of the parties. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9070450
- author
- Tornerhjelm, Fredrik LU
- supervisor
- organization
- course
- LAGF03 20212
- year
- 2021
- type
- M2 - Bachelor Degree
- subject
- keywords
- Sjörätt, Gemensamt haveri, Ansvarsbegränsningar
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 9070450
- date added to LUP
- 2023-08-15 11:36:10
- date last changed
- 2023-08-15 11:36:10
@misc{9070450,
abstract = {{This essay will cover the international maritime law principle of general average and put it against the Swedish legislation on limitations of liability and disclaimers. The purpose is to look at the principle from the perspective of what limitations of liability the principle entails for the parties involved and to then look at what Swedish law says about limitations of liability and set the two against each other.
According to the above, the following question will be discussed in the essay: What does the principle of general average entail for limitations of liability and how do they relate to Swedish law?
General average is a maritime law principle that is believed to be more than 4000 years old. The first time it was codified was by Emperor Justinian of Rome around 533 AD and has been relevant in maritime law ever since then. Today it is found in the York-Antwerp rules from the 1890:s and is accepted by all seafaring nations.
The principle means that all parties involved and with an interest in a maritime transport, e.g. landowners and shipowners, jointly shall share the responsibility, costs and risks associated with this should anything happen during the voyage. It could be anything from throwing goods overboard to avoid sinking to the ship running aground as Ever Given did in the Suez Canal in the spring of 2021.
The principle of general average is used only in maritime law and no other mode of transport. It is striking why it is only in maritime transport that a carrier is allowed to make such a limitation of liability. In air transport, for example, the carrier himself is responsible for the costs in similar situations.
In Swedish law, a basic principle is that there is freedom of contract, agree with who you want on what you want. However, this comes with some exceptions that mainly emerged during the 20th century, to protect against unilateral contract terms. Above all, 36 § AvtL is used to prevent this from occurring. By looking at preparatory work and practice, it can be concluded that the most important thing when it comes to the assessment of a contractual term regarding limitation of liability is whether there is a party balance or not. It must maintain a reasonable balance between the obligations and rights of the parties.}},
author = {{Tornerhjelm, Fredrik}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Gemensamt haveri som ansvarsbegränsning}},
year = {{2021}},
}