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Offentlig-privat samverkan – en ny avtalstyp?

Klingspor, Clara LU (2021) JURM02 20212
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Offentlig-privat samverkan (OPS) är en ett långvarigt avtal mellan en offentlig beställare och en privat leverantör. Genom avtalet tar den privata parten ett ansvar för projektering, finansiering, byggnation, underhåll och drift av en infrastruktur. I utbyte mot att infrastrukturen byggs och drivs på den privata partens bekostnad betalar den offentliga beställaren en löpande avgift. Ersättningen är ofta baserad på kvalitén på den levererade infrastrukturen, alternativt ges ersättning direkt från användarna av infrastrukturen. Det kan till exempel göras genom att den privata parten ges en rätt att ta ut en vägtull. Efter att OPS-avtalet har löpt ut överlämnas infrastrukturen till den offentliga beställaren.

OPS består av ett komplext... (More)
Offentlig-privat samverkan (OPS) är en ett långvarigt avtal mellan en offentlig beställare och en privat leverantör. Genom avtalet tar den privata parten ett ansvar för projektering, finansiering, byggnation, underhåll och drift av en infrastruktur. I utbyte mot att infrastrukturen byggs och drivs på den privata partens bekostnad betalar den offentliga beställaren en löpande avgift. Ersättningen är ofta baserad på kvalitén på den levererade infrastrukturen, alternativt ges ersättning direkt från användarna av infrastrukturen. Det kan till exempel göras genom att den privata parten ges en rätt att ta ut en vägtull. Efter att OPS-avtalet har löpt ut överlämnas infrastrukturen till den offentliga beställaren.

OPS består av ett komplext avtal innefattandes flera delmoment i infrastrukturprojektet. Det är däremot inte tydligt vilken avtalstyp som OPS tillhör. Ett avtals rättsligt systematiska placering är avgörande för att förstå dess innebörd. Beroende på avtalets avtalstyp kan, utöver de förpliktelser som följer direkt av avtalets lydelse, även andra rättsföljder inträda. Syftet med uppsatsen är därför att utreda hur OPS ska förstås från förmögenhetsrättslig utgångspunkt när OPS används vid byggnation av allmänna vägar och järnvägar. Uppsatsen tillämpar en rättsdogmatisk metod och ska därigenom utreda gällande rätt.

Det konstateras i uppsatsen att OPS är ett blandat avtal. Vid fastställandet av vilken avtalstyp ett blandat avtal har är tre lösningar möjliga. Första alternativet är att dela upp avtalet i flera delavtal som var för sig är hänförligt till en viss avtalstyp. Den andra möjligheten är att hela avtalet placeras under den avtalstyp som avtalets väsentliga prestation är hänförlig till. Det tredje och sista alternativet är att förklara avtalet ”av en typ för sig själv” (sui generis) och därmed uppställa en ny avtalstyp.

Slutsatsen i uppsatsen är att OPS är en typ för sig själv, sui genereis. Det finns flera likheter mellan enstaka moment i OPS och avtalstyperna köpeavtal, kreditavtal och avtal om tjänst. OPS som avtalsmodell kan dock inte placeras inom någon av dessa avtalstyper. Detta eftersom varken en uppdelning av avtalsprestationerna är möjlig eller en väsentlig prestation utläsas ur OPS:s avtalsmodell. I förhållande till nyttjanderättsavtal, likt hyra och arrende, konstateras att modellen inte kan utgöra ett nyttjande i juridisk mening. Detta eftersom äganderätten alltid ska övergå till den offentliga beställaren i projektet efter att avtalet har löpt ut. (Less)
Abstract
Public private partnership (PPP) is a long-term agreement between a public authority and a private party. According to the agreement, the private party takes the responsibility for the design, financing, construction, maintenance, and operation of an infrastructure. In exchange for building and operating the infrastructure at the expense of the private party, the public authority pays an ongoing commission based on the quality of the delivered infrastructure. Instead of a commission, the private party can alternatively be given compensation directly from the users of the infrastructure e.g., tolls. After the PPP agreement has expired, the infrastructure is handed over to the public authority.

PPP is a complex agreement comprising... (More)
Public private partnership (PPP) is a long-term agreement between a public authority and a private party. According to the agreement, the private party takes the responsibility for the design, financing, construction, maintenance, and operation of an infrastructure. In exchange for building and operating the infrastructure at the expense of the private party, the public authority pays an ongoing commission based on the quality of the delivered infrastructure. Instead of a commission, the private party can alternatively be given compensation directly from the users of the infrastructure e.g., tolls. After the PPP agreement has expired, the infrastructure is handed over to the public authority.

PPP is a complex agreement comprising multiple parts of the infrastructure project. However, it is not clear which type of agreement PPP can be categorized as. The legal systematic placement of an agreement is crucial to understanding its meaning. Depending on the type of agreement, other legal consequences than the obligations that follow directly from the wording of the agreement may arise. The purpose of the thesis is therefore to investigate how PPP is to be understood from a contract law position, when PPP is used in the construction of public roads and railways. The thesis applies a legal dogmatic method and can thereby investigate PPP’s legal position.

The thesis states that PPP is a mixed agreement. When determining which type of agreement, a mixed agreement can be categorized as, three solutions are possible. The first alternative is to divide the agreement into several sub-agreements, each of which is attributable to a specific type of agreement. The second possibility is that the entire agreement is placed under the type of agreement to which the agreement's significant performance is attributable. The third and final alternative is to declare the agreement "of a type for itself" (sui generis) and thereby set up a new type of agreement.

It is concluded in the thesis that PPP is sui genereis. There are several similarities between individual elements in PPP and purchase agreements, loan agreements and service agreements. However, PPP as a contract model cannot be placed within any of these types of agreements. This is because neither a division of the contract performance can be made, nor a significant performance can be deduced from PPP’s contract model. In relation to usufruct agreements, such as lease and tenancy, it is stated that the model cannot constitute a usufruct in a legal sense. This is because the ownership must always be transferred to the public client in the project after the agreement has expired. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Klingspor, Clara LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Public private partnership – a new type of contract?
course
JURM02 20212
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Offentlig-privat samverkan, OPS, infrastruktur, förmögenhetsrätt, transporträtt
language
Swedish
id
9070546
date added to LUP
2022-01-26 14:37:57
date last changed
2022-01-26 14:37:57
@misc{9070546,
  abstract     = {{Public private partnership (PPP) is a long-term agreement between a public authority and a private party. According to the agreement, the private party takes the responsibility for the design, financing, construction, maintenance, and operation of an infrastructure. In exchange for building and operating the infrastructure at the expense of the private party, the public authority pays an ongoing commission based on the quality of the delivered infrastructure. Instead of a commission, the private party can alternatively be given compensation directly from the users of the infrastructure e.g., tolls. After the PPP agreement has expired, the infrastructure is handed over to the public authority.

PPP is a complex agreement comprising multiple parts of the infrastructure project. However, it is not clear which type of agreement PPP can be categorized as. The legal systematic placement of an agreement is crucial to understanding its meaning. Depending on the type of agreement, other legal consequences than the obligations that follow directly from the wording of the agreement may arise. The purpose of the thesis is therefore to investigate how PPP is to be understood from a contract law position, when PPP is used in the construction of public roads and railways. The thesis applies a legal dogmatic method and can thereby investigate PPP’s legal position. 

The thesis states that PPP is a mixed agreement. When determining which type of agreement, a mixed agreement can be categorized as, three solutions are possible. The first alternative is to divide the agreement into several sub-agreements, each of which is attributable to a specific type of agreement. The second possibility is that the entire agreement is placed under the type of agreement to which the agreement's significant performance is attributable. The third and final alternative is to declare the agreement "of a type for itself" (sui generis) and thereby set up a new type of agreement.

It is concluded in the thesis that PPP is sui genereis. There are several similarities between individual elements in PPP and purchase agreements, loan agreements and service agreements. However, PPP as a contract model cannot be placed within any of these types of agreements. This is because neither a division of the contract performance can be made, nor a significant performance can be deduced from PPP’s contract model. In relation to usufruct agreements, such as lease and tenancy, it is stated that the model cannot constitute a usufruct in a legal sense. This is because the ownership must always be transferred to the public client in the project after the agreement has expired.}},
  author       = {{Klingspor, Clara}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Offentlig-privat samverkan – en ny avtalstyp?}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}