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Religiösa skäl, stympande syften och socialt konstruerade kroppsideal - Omskärelser, könsstympning och estetisk intimkirurgi

Rekstad, Katja LU (2021) JURM02 20212
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
I detta arbete behandlas tre kategorier av ingrepp: omskärelse, könsstympning och estetisk intimkirurgi. Dessa tre regleras mycket olika inom svensk rätt. Den estetiska intimkirurgin är tillåten och möjlig att genomgå efter att personen som ska undergå ingreppet har fyllt 18 år. Omskärelser är även de tillåtna, och en sådan är möjlig att genomgå på egen begäran som myndig, såväl som på föräldrars begäran när det rör sig om barn. Könsstympning däremot är kriminaliserat. Detta gäller alla former av könsstympning och oavsett samtycke från personen som ska genomgå ingreppet.

I uppsatsens första undersökning har förarbetena till lagarna som reglerar ingreppen studerats. Det som undersöks är de resonemang som förts avseende hur ingreppen ska... (More)
I detta arbete behandlas tre kategorier av ingrepp: omskärelse, könsstympning och estetisk intimkirurgi. Dessa tre regleras mycket olika inom svensk rätt. Den estetiska intimkirurgin är tillåten och möjlig att genomgå efter att personen som ska undergå ingreppet har fyllt 18 år. Omskärelser är även de tillåtna, och en sådan är möjlig att genomgå på egen begäran som myndig, såväl som på föräldrars begäran när det rör sig om barn. Könsstympning däremot är kriminaliserat. Detta gäller alla former av könsstympning och oavsett samtycke från personen som ska genomgå ingreppet.

I uppsatsens första undersökning har förarbetena till lagarna som reglerar ingreppen studerats. Det som undersöks är de resonemang som förts avseende hur ingreppen ska regleras. I undersökningen identifieras och presenteras de skäl som har lagts fram. Vidare studeras vilka skillnader och likheter som finns mellan hur man har resonerat i de olika förarbetena. Det framkommer i denna undersökning många likheter rörande vilka skäl man har tagit upp, men också stora skillnader i hur man har behandlat dessa skäl. De två skäl som tycks ha varit primärt avgörande för skillnaderna i tillåtenhet bedöms vara dels om det finns religiösa skäl att genomgå ingreppet, dels hur allvarliga komplikationerna efter och i samband med ingreppet är.

I den andra undersökningen studeras dessa två skäl vidare. För att bedöma hur hållbara skälen är utreds vad det finns för vetenskapligt stöd för de premisser man utgår ifrån. Den första premissen är att omskärelser utförs av religiösa skäl, medan könsstympning inte gör det. Den andra premissen är att komplikationerna efter könsstympning är mycket vanliga och allvarliga, medan komplikationer efter omskärelse och estetiskt intimkirurgi inte är det. Vid utredningen av den religiösa kopplingen behandlas såväl religiösa texter som olika studier rörande religionens roll för sedvänjorna. I fråga om komplikationer presenteras studier som har undersökt komplikationer som kan uppstå efter och i samband med ingreppen. Resultatet av denna andra undersökning är att det finns mycket som stödjer de två premisserna, men även en hel del som talar emot dem.

I analysen studeras slutligen hur det som framkommit i undersökningarna förhåller sig till det rätts- och moralfilosofiska ramverk som uppsatsen utgår ifrån. Detta utgörs av idéer rörande materiell likhet och rättvisa, och rättslig koherens och integritet. Utifrån dessa idéer analyseras det som framkommit avseende vilka skäl som har lagts fram, hur man har behandlat och gett utrymme åt dessa skäl, och det faktum att evidensen är svagare än den framstått. Resultatet av denna analys är att det finns en skillnad mellan hur man har behandlat de tre ingreppen genom lagstiftningsarbetet, och att denna skillnad är godtycklig och grundar sig i en bristande objektivitet. Vidare innebär detta även att det föreligger brister i fråga om koherens och integritet. (Less)
Abstract
This work deals with three categories of procedures: circumcision, female genital mutilation and aesthetic genital surgery. These three are regulated very differently in Swedish law. Aesthetic intimate surgery is permitted and possible to undergo after the person who is to undergo the procedure has turned 18 years old. Circumcision is also permitted, and is possible to undergo at one's own request as an adult, as well as at the request of the parents in the case of children. Female genital mutilation, on the other hand, is criminalized. This applies to all forms of female genital mutilation and regardless of consent from the person who is to undergo the procedure.

In the thesis' first study, the legislative history of the laws that... (More)
This work deals with three categories of procedures: circumcision, female genital mutilation and aesthetic genital surgery. These three are regulated very differently in Swedish law. Aesthetic intimate surgery is permitted and possible to undergo after the person who is to undergo the procedure has turned 18 years old. Circumcision is also permitted, and is possible to undergo at one's own request as an adult, as well as at the request of the parents in the case of children. Female genital mutilation, on the other hand, is criminalized. This applies to all forms of female genital mutilation and regardless of consent from the person who is to undergo the procedure.

In the thesis' first study, the legislative history of the laws that regulate the interventions has been examined. What is being studied is the reasoning that has been put forward regarding how the procedures should be regulated. The study identifies and presents the reasons that have been set forth. Furthermore, the differences and similarities that exist between the reasoning in the various legislative history is studied. This study reveals many similarities regarding which reasons have been brought up, but also large differences in how these reasons have been treated. The two reasons that seem to have been primarily crucial for the differences in permissibility are estimated to be whether there are religious reasons to undergo the procedure, and how serious the complications after and during the procedure are.

In the second study, these two reasons are studied further. In order to assess how sound the reasons are, the evidence for the premises on which they are based on is examined. The first premise is that circumcision is performed for religious reasons, while female genital mutilation is not. The second premise is that the complications after female genital mutilation are very common and severe, while complications after circumcision and aesthetic intimate surgery are not. The examination of the religious connection contains both religious texts and various studies concerning the role of religion for the practices. Regarding complications, studies are presented on the topic of the complications that may occur after and during the procedures. The result of this second study is that there is much that supports the two premises, but also a lot that speaks against them.

Finally, the analysis examines how the results from the studies of the thesis relate to the legal and moral philosophical framework on which the thesis is based. This consists of ideas concerning material equality and justice, and legal coherence and integrity. Based on these ideas, the results are analyzed in regard to the reasons that was presented, how these reasons were treated and given scope, and the fact that the evidence is weaker than it appears. The result of this analysis is that there is a difference between how the three procedures have been treated through the legislative process, and that this difference is arbitrary and stems from a lack of objectivity. Furthermore, this also means that there’s failing in terms of coherence and integrity. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Rekstad, Katja LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Religious reasons, mutilating intents and socially constructed body ideals
course
JURM02 20212
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
allmän rättslära, jurisprudence, straffrätt, criminal law, omskärelse, circumcision, könsstympning, female genital mutilation, estetisk intimkirurgi, aesthetic genital surgery
language
Swedish
id
9073739
date added to LUP
2022-04-04 18:37:20
date last changed
2022-04-04 18:37:20
@misc{9073739,
  abstract     = {{This work deals with three categories of procedures: circumcision, female genital mutilation and aesthetic genital surgery. These three are regulated very differently in Swedish law. Aesthetic intimate surgery is permitted and possible to undergo after the person who is to undergo the procedure has turned 18 years old. Circumcision is also permitted, and is possible to undergo at one's own request as an adult, as well as at the request of the parents in the case of children. Female genital mutilation, on the other hand, is criminalized. This applies to all forms of female genital mutilation and regardless of consent from the person who is to undergo the procedure.

In the thesis' first study, the legislative history of the laws that regulate the interventions has been examined. What is being studied is the reasoning that has been put forward regarding how the procedures should be regulated. The study identifies and presents the reasons that have been set forth. Furthermore, the differences and similarities that exist between the reasoning in the various legislative history is studied. This study reveals many similarities regarding which reasons have been brought up, but also large differences in how these reasons have been treated. The two reasons that seem to have been primarily crucial for the differences in permissibility are estimated to be whether there are religious reasons to undergo the procedure, and how serious the complications after and during the procedure are. 

In the second study, these two reasons are studied further. In order to assess how sound the reasons are, the evidence for the premises on which they are based on is examined. The first premise is that circumcision is performed for religious reasons, while female genital mutilation is not. The second premise is that the complications after female genital mutilation are very common and severe, while complications after circumcision and aesthetic intimate surgery are not. The examination of the religious connection contains both religious texts and various studies concerning the role of religion for the practices. Regarding complications, studies are presented on the topic of the complications that may occur after and during the procedures. The result of this second study is that there is much that supports the two premises, but also a lot that speaks against them.

Finally, the analysis examines how the results from the studies of the thesis relate to the legal and moral philosophical framework on which the thesis is based. This consists of ideas concerning material equality and justice, and legal coherence and integrity. Based on these ideas, the results are analyzed in regard to the reasons that was presented, how these reasons were treated and given scope, and the fact that the evidence is weaker than it appears. The result of this analysis is that there is a difference between how the three procedures have been treated through the legislative process, and that this difference is arbitrary and stems from a lack of objectivity. Furthermore, this also means that there’s failing in terms of coherence and integrity.}},
  author       = {{Rekstad, Katja}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Religiösa skäl, stympande syften och socialt konstruerade kroppsideal - Omskärelser, könsstympning och estetisk intimkirurgi}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}