Skip to main content

LUP Student Papers

LUND UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

Den bristande partsinsynen vid utvisning på grund av nationell säkerhet och dess förhållande till Europakonventionen

Persson, Alicia LU (2022) JURM02 20221
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Nationell säkerhet har varit ett viktigt ämne de senaste åren och flera olika åtgärder har implementerats för att skydda stater och deras medborgare. En av dem är att utvisa utlänningar som anses utgöra säkerhetshot. Det krävs inte att utlänningen faktiskt har begått ett brott som har hotat statens säkerhet, utan det räcker att det kan befaras att utlänningen kan begå sådana brott i framtiden. Detta är problematiskt ur flera aspekter och lag (1991:572) om särskild utlänningskontroll som reglerar dessa ärenden i Sverige har fått omfattande kritik på flera punkter, däribland bristande partsinsyn under ärendets gång. Detta innebär att utlänningen inte får se alla bevis i ärendet emot sig på grund av omfattande sekretess. Sekretessen... (More)
Nationell säkerhet har varit ett viktigt ämne de senaste åren och flera olika åtgärder har implementerats för att skydda stater och deras medborgare. En av dem är att utvisa utlänningar som anses utgöra säkerhetshot. Det krävs inte att utlänningen faktiskt har begått ett brott som har hotat statens säkerhet, utan det räcker att det kan befaras att utlänningen kan begå sådana brott i framtiden. Detta är problematiskt ur flera aspekter och lag (1991:572) om särskild utlänningskontroll som reglerar dessa ärenden i Sverige har fått omfattande kritik på flera punkter, däribland bristande partsinsyn under ärendets gång. Detta innebär att utlänningen inte får se alla bevis i ärendet emot sig på grund av omfattande sekretess. Sekretessen rättfärdigas av nationell säkerhet. Denna sekretess innebär dock att utlänningen kan utvisas baserat på uppgifter som utlänningen inte fått ta del av och därmed inte kunnat bemöta på ett effektivt sätt.

Med utgångspunkt i Europeiska konventionen om skydd för de mänskliga rättigheterna och de grundläggande friheterna ämnar uppsatsen utreda om den bristande partsinsynen är förenlig med utlänningens rättigheter i konventionen. Genom en undersökning av Europadomstolens praxis i ämnet konstateras att utlänningens rättigheter i dessa ärenden skyddas av artikel 13 och artikel 1 i protokoll nummer 7 i konventionen. Rätten till att se specifika dokument i ärendet har tydliggjorts främst i Muhammad and Muhammad v. Romania där Europadomstolen slog fast att denna rättighet kan inskränkas, men att inskränkningen måste vara rättfärdigad och uppvägd genom andra åtgärder. En av dessa åtgärder kan vara att utlänningen blir representerad av ett säkerhetsklassat ombud i den sekretessbelagda delen av ärendet. I Sverige är visserligen inskränkningen rättfärdigad genom nationell säkerhet, men inskränkningen uppvägs inte genom andra åtgärder. Därmed strider det svenska förfarandet i dessa fall mot Europakonventionen.

Uppsatsen syfte är vidare att undersöka om ett system med säkerhetsklassade ombud kan införas i Sverige och medföra att förfarandet inte strider mot Europakonventionen. Detta görs genom en komparativ analys med Norge som har infört särskilda advokater som representerar utlänningen i den sekretessbelagda delen av ärendet. Systemet infördes för att reglerna vid utvisning på grund av nationell säkerhet inte skulle vara konventionsstridiga. Eftersom systemet används i Norge och har tagits upp i Europadomstolens praxis finns det ingen anledning för Sverige att inte införa detta system. Införandet hade även medfört att förfarandet enligt de svenska reglerna i dessa fall inte hade varit konventionsstridigt. (Less)
Abstract
National security has been an important subject over the last years and several measures have been implemented to protect states and their citizens. One of them is to expel aliens that are considered security threats. It is not required that the alien actually committed a crime that threatened the security of the state, it is enough that it can be anticipated that the alien can commit those crimes in the future. This is problematic from several aspects and The Special Controls of Aliens Act (1991:572) that regulates these cases in Sweden has received criticism on several areas, among them the lack of insight for the alien during the case. This implies that the alien cannot view all the evidence against them because of exhaustive... (More)
National security has been an important subject over the last years and several measures have been implemented to protect states and their citizens. One of them is to expel aliens that are considered security threats. It is not required that the alien actually committed a crime that threatened the security of the state, it is enough that it can be anticipated that the alien can commit those crimes in the future. This is problematic from several aspects and The Special Controls of Aliens Act (1991:572) that regulates these cases in Sweden has received criticism on several areas, among them the lack of insight for the alien during the case. This implies that the alien cannot view all the evidence against them because of exhaustive confidentiality. The confidentiality is justified by national security. This confidentiality entails that the alien can be expelled based on information that the alien did not view and therefore could not counter in an effective way.

Based on the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms this essay aims to investigate if the lack of insight is compatible with the rights of the alien stated in the Convention. By a study of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights it is established that the rights of the alien in these cases are protected by article 13 and article 1 of protocol no. 7 of the Convention. The right to view specific documents in the case has been clarified mainly by Muhammad and Muhammad v. Romania where the Court established that the right can be limited, but the limitation must be justified and compensated by other measures. One of these measures can be that the alien is represented by a special advocate in the confidential part of the case. In Sweden the limitation is justified by national security, but the limitation is not compensated by other measures. The Swedish proceedings in these cases are therefore conflicting with the Convention.

The purpose of this essay is further to investigate whether a system with special advocates can be implemented in Sweden and result in the Swedish proceedings not conflicting with the Convention. This is done by a comparative analysis with Norway who has implemented special advocates that represent the alien in the confidential part of the case. The system was implemented in order for the rules regarding expulsion due to national security to not be conflicting with the Convention. Since the system is used in Norway and has been brought up in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, there is no reason for Sweden to not implement this system. The implementation would mean that the Swedish rules in these cases would not be conflicting with the Convention. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Persson, Alicia LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
The lack of insight in expulsion due to national security and its relation to the European Convention
course
JURM02 20221
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
komparativ rätt, utvisning, nationell säkerhet, partsinsyn
language
Swedish
id
9080377
date added to LUP
2022-06-15 08:41:09
date last changed
2022-06-15 08:41:09
@misc{9080377,
  abstract     = {{National security has been an important subject over the last years and several measures have been implemented to protect states and their citizens. One of them is to expel aliens that are considered security threats. It is not required that the alien actually committed a crime that threatened the security of the state, it is enough that it can be anticipated that the alien can commit those crimes in the future. This is problematic from several aspects and The Special Controls of Aliens Act (1991:572) that regulates these cases in Sweden has received criticism on several areas, among them the lack of insight for the alien during the case. This implies that the alien cannot view all the evidence against them because of exhaustive confidentiality. The confidentiality is justified by national security. This confidentiality entails that the alien can be expelled based on information that the alien did not view and therefore could not counter in an effective way. 

Based on the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms this essay aims to investigate if the lack of insight is compatible with the rights of the alien stated in the Convention. By a study of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights it is established that the rights of the alien in these cases are protected by article 13 and article 1 of protocol no. 7 of the Convention. The right to view specific documents in the case has been clarified mainly by Muhammad and Muhammad v. Romania where the Court established that the right can be limited, but the limitation must be justified and compensated by other measures. One of these measures can be that the alien is represented by a special advocate in the confidential part of the case. In Sweden the limitation is justified by national security, but the limitation is not compensated by other measures. The Swedish proceedings in these cases are therefore conflicting with the Convention.

The purpose of this essay is further to investigate whether a system with special advocates can be implemented in Sweden and result in the Swedish proceedings not conflicting with the Convention. This is done by a comparative analysis with Norway who has implemented special advocates that represent the alien in the confidential part of the case. The system was implemented in order for the rules regarding expulsion due to national security to not be conflicting with the Convention. Since the system is used in Norway and has been brought up in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, there is no reason for Sweden to not implement this system. The implementation would mean that the Swedish rules in these cases would not be conflicting with the Convention.}},
  author       = {{Persson, Alicia}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Den bristande partsinsynen vid utvisning på grund av nationell säkerhet och dess förhållande till Europakonventionen}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}