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Beaktande av OECD:s riktlinjer, Shell-vklart? Om möjligheten att beakta riktlinjerna för internprissättning vid tillämpning av principen om verklig innebörd

Karlsson, Matilda LU (2022) JURM02 20221
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Av principen om rättshandlingars verkliga innebörd följer en möjlighet för rättstillämparen att förbise en rättshandlings rubricering till förmån för det faktiska handlandet, i de fall det föreligger en distinktion däremellan. I detta hänseende har civilrätten beskrivits som prejudiciell i relation till den skatterättsliga disciplinen. En bedömning av transaktionens verkliga innebörd är ett led i fastställande av rättsfakta och sker således innan tillämpning av aktuell rättsregel. En sådan potentiell rättsregel är den s.k. korrigeringsregeln i 14 kap. 19 § inkomstskattelagen. Föreskriften innebär att Skatteverket, eller domstolen, kan korrigera den skattskyldiges redovisade resultat. Lagregeln tar sikte på transaktioner mellan parter i... (More)
Av principen om rättshandlingars verkliga innebörd följer en möjlighet för rättstillämparen att förbise en rättshandlings rubricering till förmån för det faktiska handlandet, i de fall det föreligger en distinktion däremellan. I detta hänseende har civilrätten beskrivits som prejudiciell i relation till den skatterättsliga disciplinen. En bedömning av transaktionens verkliga innebörd är ett led i fastställande av rättsfakta och sker således innan tillämpning av aktuell rättsregel. En sådan potentiell rättsregel är den s.k. korrigeringsregeln i 14 kap. 19 § inkomstskattelagen. Föreskriften innebär att Skatteverket, eller domstolen, kan korrigera den skattskyldiges redovisade resultat. Lagregeln tar sikte på transaktioner mellan parter i intressegemenskap där ett eller flera avtalsvillkor avviker från vad som avtalats mellan oberoende parter. Avsaknad av såväl utförliga lagförarbeten som relevant praxis medför att domstolar sökt finna vägledning beträffande korrigeringsregelns tillämplighet i andra källor. Den internationella organisationen OECD och dess detaljerade material har följaktligen fått betydelse för den svenska rättstillämpningen. I RÅ 1991 ref. 107, det s.k. Shell-målet, bekräftade Högsta förvaltningsdomstolen att OECD:s riktlinjer för internprissättning i relevanta delar kunde tjäna som vägledning vid tillämpning av den svenska korrigeringsregeln. Utfallet tycks emellertid ha tolkats extensivt och avgörandet har stundom nyttjats för att rättfärdiga tillämpning av principen om rättshandlingars verkliga innebörd.

I framställningen diskuteras innebörden av den svenska principen och en sådan potentiellt utvidgad användning av riktlinjerna. Uppsatsen finner att det visserligen inte finns någonting som hindrar domstolar att söka vägledning i riktlinjerna, en sådan ordning kan rentav te sig fördelaktig. Frågan om OECD:s riktlinjers tillämplighet vid prövning av rättshandlingars verkliga innebörd är emellertid inte prövad i högsta instans och det är svårt att utifrån domstolens resonemang i Shell-målet utröna hur långt prejudikatet sträcker sig. (Less)
Abstract
Swedish tax law provides an opportunity for legal practitioners to disregard the classification of a legal act in favor of the parties’ actual conduct, where there is a distinction between the two. In this regard, civil law has been described as incidental in relation to tax law. An assessment of the true meaning of the legal act (sw: rättshandlingens verkliga innebörd) is a part of the determining the dispositive facts of a legal dispute, and therefore precedes the application of the relevant regulation. One such potential regulation is the adjustment rule (sw: korrigeringsregeln) under Chapter 14, Section 19 of the Income Tax Act, which allows the court to adjust a taxpayer’s declared results. The provision refers to controlled... (More)
Swedish tax law provides an opportunity for legal practitioners to disregard the classification of a legal act in favor of the parties’ actual conduct, where there is a distinction between the two. In this regard, civil law has been described as incidental in relation to tax law. An assessment of the true meaning of the legal act (sw: rättshandlingens verkliga innebörd) is a part of the determining the dispositive facts of a legal dispute, and therefore precedes the application of the relevant regulation. One such potential regulation is the adjustment rule (sw: korrigeringsregeln) under Chapter 14, Section 19 of the Income Tax Act, which allows the court to adjust a taxpayer’s declared results. The provision refers to controlled transactions between associated enterprises, where contractual terms differ from what would have been agreed upon between independent parties. The absence of both detailed legislative history as well as relevant case law requires the use of other sources for guidance on the applicability of the adjustment rule. The international organization the OECD and its detailed documents have consequently gained great importance for the application of Swedish domestic law. In RÅ 1991 ref. 107, the so-called Shell case, the Supreme Administrative Court confirmed that the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines could, in relevant parts, serve as guidance when applying the Swedish adjustment rule. However, the outcome seems to have been interpreted extensively and the ruling has subsequently been used to justify the application of the civil law principle regarding the determination of the true meaning of a legal act.

This paper discusses the implications of the Swedish principle and a potential extended use of the Guidelines. The essay finds that there is nothing to prevent courts from using the Guidelines as a source of guidance, such an approach may even prove beneficial. However, the question of the applicability of the OECD Guidelines when determining the true meaning of a legal act has not been tried by the highest court. Hence, it is difficult to ascertain from the Shell case how far the precedent extends. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Karlsson, Matilda LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
The OECD Guidelines as a source of guidance in Swedish domestic law
course
JURM02 20221
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
skatterätt
language
Swedish
id
9080599
date added to LUP
2022-06-20 20:36:28
date last changed
2022-06-20 20:36:28
@misc{9080599,
  abstract     = {{Swedish tax law provides an opportunity for legal practitioners to disregard the classification of a legal act in favor of the parties’ actual conduct, where there is a distinction between the two. In this regard, civil law has been described as incidental in relation to tax law. An assessment of the true meaning of the legal act (sw: rättshandlingens verkliga innebörd) is a part of the determining the dispositive facts of a legal dispute, and therefore precedes the application of the relevant regulation. One such potential regulation is the adjustment rule (sw: korrigeringsregeln) under Chapter 14, Section 19 of the Income Tax Act, which allows the court to adjust a taxpayer’s declared results. The provision refers to controlled transactions between associated enterprises, where contractual terms differ from what would have been agreed upon between independent parties. The absence of both detailed legislative history as well as relevant case law requires the use of other sources for guidance on the applicability of the adjustment rule. The international organization the OECD and its detailed documents have consequently gained great importance for the application of Swedish domestic law. In RÅ 1991 ref. 107, the so-called Shell case, the Supreme Administrative Court confirmed that the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines could, in relevant parts, serve as guidance when applying the Swedish adjustment rule. However, the outcome seems to have been interpreted extensively and the ruling has subsequently been used to justify the application of the civil law principle regarding the determination of the true meaning of a legal act.

This paper discusses the implications of the Swedish principle and a potential extended use of the Guidelines. The essay finds that there is nothing to prevent courts from using the Guidelines as a source of guidance, such an approach may even prove beneficial. However, the question of the applicability of the OECD Guidelines when determining the true meaning of a legal act has not been tried by the highest court. Hence, it is difficult to ascertain from the Shell case how far the precedent extends.}},
  author       = {{Karlsson, Matilda}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Beaktande av OECD:s riktlinjer, Shell-vklart? Om möjligheten att beakta riktlinjerna för internprissättning vid tillämpning av principen om verklig innebörd}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}