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Den nya visselblåsarlagen - En arbetsrättslig analys utifrån ett visselblåsar- och arbetsgivarperspektiv

Resare, Alva LU (2022) JURM02 20221
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Det har i EU införts ett direktiv som ska skydda personer som rapporterar om överträdelser av unionsrätten, visselblåsardirektivet. Därmed var Sverige tvungen att införa en ny visselblåsarlag, som gäller parallellt med annan lagstiftning som kan ge skydd åt en visselblåsare. Uppsatsen syftar till att analysera den nya visselblåsarlagen och hur den samspelar med annan svensk rätt och Europarätt på området för visselblåsning från ett visselblåsar- och arbetsgivarperspektiv. Uppsatsen ska svara på frågorna om hur visselblåsning regleras i Europarätten och den svenska rätten, hur interna rapporteringskanaler kan konstrueras för att vara i enlighet med den nya visselblåsarlagen, samt vilka möjligheter och risker den nya visselblåsarlagen... (More)
Det har i EU införts ett direktiv som ska skydda personer som rapporterar om överträdelser av unionsrätten, visselblåsardirektivet. Därmed var Sverige tvungen att införa en ny visselblåsarlag, som gäller parallellt med annan lagstiftning som kan ge skydd åt en visselblåsare. Uppsatsen syftar till att analysera den nya visselblåsarlagen och hur den samspelar med annan svensk rätt och Europarätt på området för visselblåsning från ett visselblåsar- och arbetsgivarperspektiv. Uppsatsen ska svara på frågorna om hur visselblåsning regleras i Europarätten och den svenska rätten, hur interna rapporteringskanaler kan konstrueras för att vara i enlighet med den nya visselblåsarlagen, samt vilka möjligheter och risker den nya visselblåsarlagen innebär för visselblåsare och arbetsgivare.

I Europarätten regleras en visselblåsares skydd genom Europakonventionen artikel 10 om yttrandefrihet, Europarådets sociala stadga artikel 24 om skydd vid uppsägning, Europarådets rekommendation om skydd för visselblåsare, EU:s rättighetsstadga artikel 11 om yttrandefrihet samt visselblåsardirektivet. I den svenska rätten kan en visselblåsare få skydd genom Yttrandefrihetsgrundlagen och Tryckfrihetsförordningen, principerna om meddelarfrihet och kritikrätt, lojalitets- och tystnadsplikt samt bevarande av företagshemligheter. Även lagen om anställningsskydd, arbetsmiljölagen och god sed på marknaden kan erbjuda visselblåsare ett skydd. Nu gäller även den nya visselblåsarlagen som stadgar skydd.

De interna rapporteringskanalerna som varje rättslig enhet med minst 50 arbetstagare måste inrätta, följer med många krav. Inrättningen kan ske genom anlitande av tredje part eller genom att utse behöriga personer eller en avledning att hantera visselblåsarrapporter hos arbetsgivaren. En tredje part får endast hantera vissa delar av ett visselblåsarförfarande vilket gör att arbetsgivare ändå delvis måste hantera förfarandet. Mellanstora företag med mellan 50-249 anställda är tillåtna att dela vissa funktioner som mottagande av visselblåsarrapporter. För koncerner finns möjlighet att ha en koncerngemensam visselblåsarfunktion, om varje bolag även har en intern rapporteringskanal. Ännu en möjlighet finns för svenska bolag i koncerner, att träffa kollektivavtal om att frångå vissa krav för de interna rapporteringskanalerna.

Från visselblåsarens perspektiv har den nya lagen inneburit en möjlighet för starkare skydd genom detaljerade bestämmelser om förbud mot repressalier och hindrande åtgärder från arbetsgivarens sida, samt krav på interna rapporteringskanaler. Det finns också risker genom att direktivet som visselblåsarlagen är en implementering av, inte har skydd av visselblåsare som huvudsyfte, krav på att visselblåsare ska få vara anonym eller att repressalieförbudet inte motverkar infekterade relationer mellan visselblåsaren och arbetsgivaren. För arbetsgivare innebär lagen möjlighet att hantera missförhållanden innan de blir kända av allmänheten samt att kollektivavtala bort bestämmelser om de interna rapporteringskanalerna. Lagen följer även med risker som personuppgiftshantering samt onödiga kostnader för rapporteringskanaler som ytterst sällan används. (Less)
Abstract
A new EU Directive was adopted in order to protect persons who report breaches of the Union law, the Whistleblowing Directive. Consequently, Sweden had to adopt a new whistleblowing legislation, that applies in parallel with other legislation that can provide protection for whisteblowers. The thesis aims to analyse the new Swedish whistleblowing legislation and how it interacts with other Swedish law and European law in the area of whistleblowing, from the perspective of whistleblowers and employers. The thesis seeks to answer the research questions on how whistleblowing is regulated in European law and Swedish law, how internal reporting channels can be constructed in order to be in accordance with the new Swedish whistleblowing... (More)
A new EU Directive was adopted in order to protect persons who report breaches of the Union law, the Whistleblowing Directive. Consequently, Sweden had to adopt a new whistleblowing legislation, that applies in parallel with other legislation that can provide protection for whisteblowers. The thesis aims to analyse the new Swedish whistleblowing legislation and how it interacts with other Swedish law and European law in the area of whistleblowing, from the perspective of whistleblowers and employers. The thesis seeks to answer the research questions on how whistleblowing is regulated in European law and Swedish law, how internal reporting channels can be constructed in order to be in accordance with the new Swedish whistleblowing legislation, and which possibilities and risks does the new Swedish whistleblowing legislation imply for whistleblowers and employers.

In European law the protection of whistleblowers is regulated in the European Convention on Human Rights article 10 on the freedom of speech, in the Council of Europe’s Social Charter article 24 on the protection of termination, in the Council of Europe’s Recommendation on the protection of whistleblowers, in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union article 11 on the freedom of speech and in the Whistleblowing Directive. In Swedish law, a whistleblower can seek protection from The Fundamental Law on Freedom of Expression and The Freedom of the Press Act, the principles of confidentiality of sources and right to criticism, duty of loyalty and professional secrecy towards the employer, also the preservation of trade secrets. Adding on, the Employment Protection Act, the Work Environment Act and good custom in the labour market can furthermore offer the whistleblower protection. From year 2021, the new Swedish Whistleblowing legislation is also a protection of whistleblowers.

The internal reporting channels that every legal entity with at least 50 employees is obligated to establish, follows with many liabilities. The establishment can be fulfilled by the hiring of a third party or by assigning an authorized person or department at the employer to handle whistleblowing reports. A third party is only allowed to manage some parts of a whistleblowing procedure, resulting in the employer having to partly manage the procedure anyway. Medium sized companies with between 50-249 employees are allowed to share some functions, for example the reception of whistleblowing reports. For groups, there is a possibility to have a joint group whistleblowing function, if every legal entity also has an internal reporting channel. Another possibility for Swedish entities in a group, is to enter into a collective agreement, letting the employer to depart from some obligations regarding the internal reporting channels.

From a whistleblower’s perspective, the new Swedish whistleblowing legislation has entailed a possibility for an improved protection through detailed paragraphs on the prohibition of retaliation and remedial measures taken by the employer, furthermore the obligation to establish internal reporting channels. There are also risks, which derives from the Whistleblowing Directive, that the new Swedish Whistleblowing legislation is an implementation of. The Directive’s main aim is not the protection of whistleblowers. The new Swedish Whistleblowing legislation does neither include an obligation for employers to offer an anonymous reporting, nor counteracts infected relations between a whistleblower and employer. For employers, the new Swedish Whistleblowing legislation entails the possibilities to handle a report before the misconduct is known by the public and through collective agreements agree to deviate from the regulations of internal reporting channels. The legislation also comes with risks, being the management of personal data, moreover unnecessary costs deriving from the reporting channels that more rarely will be used. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Resare, Alva LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
The new Swedish Whistleblowing legislation - A labour law analysis from the perspectives of whistleblowers and employers
course
JURM02 20221
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
arbetsrätt, visselblåsning, whistleblowing
language
Swedish
id
9080617
date added to LUP
2022-06-09 12:36:24
date last changed
2022-06-09 12:36:24
@misc{9080617,
  abstract     = {{A new EU Directive was adopted in order to protect persons who report breaches of the Union law, the Whistleblowing Directive. Consequently, Sweden had to adopt a new whistleblowing legislation, that applies in parallel with other legislation that can provide protection for whisteblowers. The thesis aims to analyse the new Swedish whistleblowing legislation and how it interacts with other Swedish law and European law in the area of whistleblowing, from the perspective of whistleblowers and employers. The thesis seeks to answer the research questions on how whistleblowing is regulated in European law and Swedish law, how internal reporting channels can be constructed in order to be in accordance with the new Swedish whistleblowing legislation, and which possibilities and risks does the new Swedish whistleblowing legislation imply for whistleblowers and employers. 

In European law the protection of whistleblowers is regulated in the European Convention on Human Rights article 10 on the freedom of speech, in the Council of Europe’s Social Charter article 24 on the protection of termination, in the Council of Europe’s Recommendation on the protection of whistleblowers, in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union article 11 on the freedom of speech and in the Whistleblowing Directive. In Swedish law, a whistleblower can seek protection from The Fundamental Law on Freedom of Expression and The Freedom of the Press Act, the principles of confidentiality of sources and right to criticism, duty of loyalty and professional secrecy towards the employer, also the preservation of trade secrets. Adding on, the Employment Protection Act, the Work Environment Act and good custom in the labour market can furthermore offer the whistleblower protection. From year 2021, the new Swedish Whistleblowing legislation is also a protection of whistleblowers. 

The internal reporting channels that every legal entity with at least 50 employees is obligated to establish, follows with many liabilities. The establishment can be fulfilled by the hiring of a third party or by assigning an authorized person or department at the employer to handle whistleblowing reports. A third party is only allowed to manage some parts of a whistleblowing procedure, resulting in the employer having to partly manage the procedure anyway. Medium sized companies with between 50-249 employees are allowed to share some functions, for example the reception of whistleblowing reports. For groups, there is a possibility to have a joint group whistleblowing function, if every legal entity also has an internal reporting channel. Another possibility for Swedish entities in a group, is to enter into a collective agreement, letting the employer to depart from some obligations regarding the internal reporting channels. 

From a whistleblower’s perspective, the new Swedish whistleblowing legislation has entailed a possibility for an improved protection through detailed paragraphs on the prohibition of retaliation and remedial measures taken by the employer, furthermore the obligation to establish internal reporting channels. There are also risks, which derives from the Whistleblowing Directive, that the new Swedish Whistleblowing legislation is an implementation of. The Directive’s main aim is not the protection of whistleblowers. The new Swedish Whistleblowing legislation does neither include an obligation for employers to offer an anonymous reporting, nor counteracts infected relations between a whistleblower and employer. For employers, the new Swedish Whistleblowing legislation entails the possibilities to handle a report before the misconduct is known by the public and through collective agreements agree to deviate from the regulations of internal reporting channels. The legislation also comes with risks, being the management of personal data, moreover unnecessary costs deriving from the reporting channels that more rarely will be used.}},
  author       = {{Resare, Alva}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Den nya visselblåsarlagen - En arbetsrättslig analys utifrån ett visselblåsar- och arbetsgivarperspektiv}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}