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Arbetsmiljöbrottet - ett brott med pedagogiskt syfte?

Degerfeldt, Julia LU (2022) JURM02 20221
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
When the work environment crime was introduced in the Swedish Penal Code, it was with the expressed pedagogical purpose that it would highlight the seriousness of the crime by specifically pointing out the work environment managers' extensive responsibility and ensuring maintenance of risk and injury prevention through an effective criminal sanction system with such sharpness that the importance of complying with the rules in force is clear. Despite the fact that the section has been criticized, by the Swedish Law Council as well as several consultative bodies at the introduction of the section and by Straffanvändningsutredningen in 2013, it remains.

Work environment crime is part of economic crime, theories of economic crime indicate... (More)
When the work environment crime was introduced in the Swedish Penal Code, it was with the expressed pedagogical purpose that it would highlight the seriousness of the crime by specifically pointing out the work environment managers' extensive responsibility and ensuring maintenance of risk and injury prevention through an effective criminal sanction system with such sharpness that the importance of complying with the rules in force is clear. Despite the fact that the section has been criticized, by the Swedish Law Council as well as several consultative bodies at the introduction of the section and by Straffanvändningsutredningen in 2013, it remains.

Work environment crime is part of economic crime, theories of economic crime indicate that legislation and law enforcement take a stereotyping perspective on crime, moral blame, perpetrators and victims and tend to contextualize crime in the economic-industrial sphere while traditional crimes are decontextualized. Such a picture of crime can indicate that the crimes, if they even are perceived as crimes, are considered complex and as if their effects have no perpetrator. These theories form the basis for the analysis of the provision's introduction, construction and application.

When the injuries are due to risky events rather than individual events, there is a constant risk of injury, who is injured can usually not be predicted. This causes problems when appointing a perpetrator. The perpetrator may be on the periphery, far from the victim in both time and space. This does not correspond to the narrative of criminal law, which presupposes a clear perpetrator, a clear victim and a clear act. Nor does this agree with the picture of the relationship that exists between ideal crime victims and perpetrators.

What the thesis shows is that the section does not fulfill its purpose and despite the fact that the crime is made explicit, it can lead to cementing a picture of economic crime as a complex, of injuries in the workplace as accidents and of perpetrators of economic crime as less reprehensible and furthermore an invisibility of the victims.

This cementing takes place, among other things, through the linguistic classification of the provision, among other things by describing injuries as a result of work environment offenses as accidents by the legislature, the law enforcer, the authorities and the general language. It has thus become an accepted concept for describing such events, which in no way needs to reflect reality or be immutable. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
När rubriceringen arbetsmiljöbrott infördes i brottsbalken var det med det uttryckliga syftet att paragrafen skulle ha ett pedagogiskt syfte, att den skulle markera allvarligheten i brottet genom att särskilt peka ut arbetsmiljöansvarigas vidsträckta ansvar samt att säkerställa upprätthållande av risk- och skadeförebyggande verksamhet genom ett effektivt straffrättsligt sanktionssystem med sådan skärpa att vikten av att iaktta de gällande bestämmelserna är tydliga. Trots att paragrafen kritiserats, av såväl Lagrådet som flera remissinstanser vid paragrafens införande samt av Straffanvändningsutredningen 2013 så kvarstår den.

Arbetsmiljöbrott utgör en del av den ekonomiska brottsligheten, teorier om ekonomisk brottslighet indikerar att... (More)
När rubriceringen arbetsmiljöbrott infördes i brottsbalken var det med det uttryckliga syftet att paragrafen skulle ha ett pedagogiskt syfte, att den skulle markera allvarligheten i brottet genom att särskilt peka ut arbetsmiljöansvarigas vidsträckta ansvar samt att säkerställa upprätthållande av risk- och skadeförebyggande verksamhet genom ett effektivt straffrättsligt sanktionssystem med sådan skärpa att vikten av att iaktta de gällande bestämmelserna är tydliga. Trots att paragrafen kritiserats, av såväl Lagrådet som flera remissinstanser vid paragrafens införande samt av Straffanvändningsutredningen 2013 så kvarstår den.

Arbetsmiljöbrott utgör en del av den ekonomiska brottsligheten, teorier om ekonomisk brottslighet indikerar att lagstiftning och rättstillämpning anlägger ett stereotypiserande perspektiv på brott, moraliskt klander, gärningspersoner och brottsoffer samt tenderar att kontextualisera brott inom den ekonomisk-industriella sfären medan traditionella brott dekontextualiseras. En sådan bild av brottslighet kan medföra att brotten, om de ens uppfattas som brott, betraktas som komplexa och som om dess effekter saknar upphovsman. Dessa teorier ligger till grund vid analysen av bestämmelsens införande, konstruktion och tillämpning.

När skadorna beror på riskfyllda skeenden snarare än enskilda händelser föreligger en ständig risk för skada, vem som skadas går oftast inte att förutse. Detta medför problem vid utpekandet av en gärningsperson. Denna gärningsperson kan befinna sig i periferin, långt från brottsoffret i såväl tid som rum. Detta överensstämmer inte med straffrättens narrativ som förutsätter en tydlig gärningsperson, ett tydligt brottsoffer och en tydlig gärning. Inte heller stämmer detta överens med den bild av relationen som föreligger mellan ideala brottsoffer och gärningspersoner.

Vad uppsatsen visar på är att rubriceringen inte uppfyller sitt syfte och trots att brottet görs explicit så kan det medföra att det bidrar till att cementera en bild av den ekonomiska brottsligheten som komplex, av skador på arbetsplatser som olyckor och av gärningsmän inom den ekonomiska brottsligheten som mindre klandervärda samt ett osynliggörande av brottsoffren.

Denna cementering sker bland annat genom bestämmelsens språkliga rubricering, bland annat genom att skador till följd av arbetsmiljöbrott beskrivs som olyckor av såväl lagstiftaren, rättstillämparen, myndigheter och i det allmänna språkbruket. Det har således blivit ett vedertaget begrepp för att beskriva sådana händelser, vilket på intet vis behöver vare sig återspegla verkligheten eller vara oföränderligt. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Degerfeldt, Julia LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
The work environment crime - a crime with a pedagogical purpose?
course
JURM02 20221
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Straffrätt, Arbetsmiljöbrott, Ekonomisk brottslighet, Modern brottslighet
language
Swedish
id
9080661
date added to LUP
2022-06-14 20:38:03
date last changed
2024-01-18 15:25:33
@misc{9080661,
  abstract     = {{When the work environment crime was introduced in the Swedish Penal Code, it was with the expressed pedagogical purpose that it would highlight the seriousness of the crime by specifically pointing out the work environment managers' extensive responsibility and ensuring maintenance of risk and injury prevention through an effective criminal sanction system with such sharpness that the importance of complying with the rules in force is clear. Despite the fact that the section has been criticized, by the Swedish Law Council as well as several consultative bodies at the introduction of the section and by Straffanvändningsutredningen in 2013, it remains.

Work environment crime is part of economic crime, theories of economic crime indicate that legislation and law enforcement take a stereotyping perspective on crime, moral blame, perpetrators and victims and tend to contextualize crime in the economic-industrial sphere while traditional crimes are decontextualized. Such a picture of crime can indicate that the crimes, if they even are perceived as crimes, are considered complex and as if their effects have no perpetrator. These theories form the basis for the analysis of the provision's introduction, construction and application.

When the injuries are due to risky events rather than individual events, there is a constant risk of injury, who is injured can usually not be predicted. This causes problems when appointing a perpetrator. The perpetrator may be on the periphery, far from the victim in both time and space. This does not correspond to the narrative of criminal law, which presupposes a clear perpetrator, a clear victim and a clear act. Nor does this agree with the picture of the relationship that exists between ideal crime victims and perpetrators.

What the thesis shows is that the section does not fulfill its purpose and despite the fact that the crime is made explicit, it can lead to cementing a picture of economic crime as a complex, of injuries in the workplace as accidents and of perpetrators of economic crime as less reprehensible and furthermore an invisibility of the victims.

This cementing takes place, among other things, through the linguistic classification of the provision, among other things by describing injuries as a result of work environment offenses as accidents by the legislature, the law enforcer, the authorities and the general language. It has thus become an accepted concept for describing such events, which in no way needs to reflect reality or be immutable.}},
  author       = {{Degerfeldt, Julia}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Arbetsmiljöbrottet - ett brott med pedagogiskt syfte?}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}