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Smita eller smitta? – Utomståenderegeln i förhållande till begreppet om samma eller likartad verksamhet inom reglerna om fåmansföretagsbeskattning

Wahlman, Karin LU (2022) JURM02 20221
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Arbetet undersöker och analyserar hur utomståenderegeln förhåller sig till begreppet samma eller likartad verksamhet vid tillämpning av de särskilda fåmansföretagsreglerna. Vidare utrönas det gällande rättsläget för vartdera bestämmelse, vilket har sin utgångspunkt i lagstiftning och förarbeten. Mycket utrymme har sedan givits till praxis då de båda bestämmelsernas rekvisit, samt bestämmelsernas tillämplighet i förhållande till varandra, till stor del cementerats av Högsta förvaltningsdomstolen (härefter HFD).

Syftet med fåmansföretagsreglerna är att lagstiftaren vill motverka att andelsägare i företag med endast ett fåtal ägare tar ut utdelning och kapitalvinster istället för lön, trots att inkomster härrörs från delägares... (More)
Arbetet undersöker och analyserar hur utomståenderegeln förhåller sig till begreppet samma eller likartad verksamhet vid tillämpning av de särskilda fåmansföretagsreglerna. Vidare utrönas det gällande rättsläget för vartdera bestämmelse, vilket har sin utgångspunkt i lagstiftning och förarbeten. Mycket utrymme har sedan givits till praxis då de båda bestämmelsernas rekvisit, samt bestämmelsernas tillämplighet i förhållande till varandra, till stor del cementerats av Högsta förvaltningsdomstolen (härefter HFD).

Syftet med fåmansföretagsreglerna är att lagstiftaren vill motverka att andelsägare i företag med endast ett fåtal ägare tar ut utdelning och kapitalvinster istället för lön, trots att inkomster härrörs från delägares arbetsinsats. För att beskattas enligt de särskilda reglerna ska delägarens andelar vara kvalificerade. Delägarens andelar är kvalificerade om denne eller dennes närstående som är verksamma i betydande omfattning i fåmansföretag, eller annat företag som bedriver samma eller likartad verksamhet. Fåmansföretagsreglerna beskattar utdelning och kapitalvinster särskilt genom de så kallade fördelningsreglerna. Dels beskattas uttag i inkomstslaget kapital, både kvoterat och icke kvoterat, dels i inkomstslaget tjänst.

Bakgrunden till att samma eller likartade verksamheter tas med i bedömningen är för att hindra att verksamheten överförs till andra företag i syfte att undvika att andelar ses som kvalificerade. Om företaget ägs i betydande omfattning av utomstående delägare undantas dock de övriga delägarna från beskattning enligt de särskilda fåmansföretagsreglerna, då utomståendes andel motverkar en större nettobehållning vid uttag i jämförelse med löneersättning.

Redogörelsen visar sammanfattningsvis att när de båda bestämmelserna tillämpas tillsammans riskerar regelverket att tillämpas även vid situationer där det inte är möjligt att någon inkomstomvandling sker. Tillämpningen är då inte längre i linje med reglernas syfte. Utöver slutsatsen de lege lata presenteras slutligen mina egna reflektioner de lege ferenda kring tillämpningen inom ramen för den nuvarande lagstiftningens ordalydelse. (Less)
Abstract
The thesis aims to examine and analyze how the outsider rule (swe. Utomståenderegeln) relates to the concept of conducting same or similar activities (swe. Samma eller likartad verksamhet) within the swedish taxation laws regarding closely held companies (swe. fåmansföretagsreglerna). Furthermore, the current legal situation for each provision is ascertained, which is based on legislation and preparatory work. Much space has since been given to practice as the props of the two provisions, as well as the applicability of the provisions in relation to each other, have largely been cemented by the Supreme Administrative Court.

The purpose of the tax rules regarding closely held companies is to mitigate income conversion from wages to... (More)
The thesis aims to examine and analyze how the outsider rule (swe. Utomståenderegeln) relates to the concept of conducting same or similar activities (swe. Samma eller likartad verksamhet) within the swedish taxation laws regarding closely held companies (swe. fåmansföretagsreglerna). Furthermore, the current legal situation for each provision is ascertained, which is based on legislation and preparatory work. Much space has since been given to practice as the props of the two provisions, as well as the applicability of the provisions in relation to each other, have largely been cemented by the Supreme Administrative Court.

The purpose of the tax rules regarding closely held companies is to mitigate income conversion from wages to dividends and capital gain, within companies with only a few shareholders. To be included by the specific regulations of closely held companies the shareholders interest must be considered qualified (swe. Kvalificerade andelar). The shares are considered qualified if the shareholder, or their close relatives are operative to a significant extent within the company, or within another company which carry out the same or similar activities. Other closely held companies owned by the shareholder are included in the assessment to prevent profit transfers, in order to evade the particular taxation of closely held companies. However, if a shareholder holds unqualified shares, therefor considered an outsider shareholder, to a significant extent in the company, the other operative shareholders may be exempted from the specific tax rules of close held companies, according to the so called outsider rule.

The background for the same or similar activities being included in the assessment is to prevent the activities from being transferred to other companies, in order to avoid shares being regarded as qualified. If the company is owned to a significant extent by outside shareholders, however, the other shareholders are exempt from taxation according to the special legislation of close held companies, as the share of outsiders counteracts a larger net balance when withdrawing in comparison with salary compensation.

In summary the thesis concludes that when both the provisions are applicable there is a risk that the purpose of the regulations will be violated. As companies where the outsider rule impedes the incentive to converse earned income to capital income. If funds are moved from a company which the outside rule is applicable the concept of equal or similar operations may still be applied to the interest the shareholder have in the receiving company. If so, the application is contrary to the purpose of the regulations.
In addition to the conclusion de lege lata, followed my own reflections de lege ferenda of the application of the legislation. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Wahlman, Karin LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
The outsider rule and the concept of same or similar activities
course
JURM02 20221
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
Skatterätt, Fåmansföretagsbeskattning, Samma eller likartad verksamhet, Utomståenderegeln
language
Swedish
id
9080684
date added to LUP
2022-06-22 09:10:54
date last changed
2022-06-22 09:10:54
@misc{9080684,
  abstract     = {{The thesis aims to examine and analyze how the outsider rule (swe. Utomståenderegeln) relates to the concept of conducting same or similar activities (swe. Samma eller likartad verksamhet) within the swedish taxation laws regarding closely held companies (swe. fåmansföretagsreglerna). Furthermore, the current legal situation for each provision is ascertained, which is based on legislation and preparatory work. Much space has since been given to practice as the props of the two provisions, as well as the applicability of the provisions in relation to each other, have largely been cemented by the Supreme Administrative Court. 

The purpose of the tax rules regarding closely held companies is to mitigate income conversion from wages to dividends and capital gain, within companies with only a few shareholders. To be included by the specific regulations of closely held companies the shareholders interest must be considered qualified (swe. Kvalificerade andelar). The shares are considered qualified if the shareholder, or their close relatives are operative to a significant extent within the company, or within another company which carry out the same or similar activities. Other closely held companies owned by the shareholder are included in the assessment to prevent profit transfers, in order to evade the particular taxation of closely held companies. However, if a shareholder holds unqualified shares, therefor considered an outsider shareholder, to a significant extent in the company, the other operative shareholders may be exempted from the specific tax rules of close held companies, according to the so called outsider rule. 

The background for the same or similar activities being included in the assessment is to prevent the activities from being transferred to other companies, in order to avoid shares being regarded as qualified. If the company is owned to a significant extent by outside shareholders, however, the other shareholders are exempt from taxation according to the special legislation of close held companies, as the share of outsiders counteracts a larger net balance when withdrawing in comparison with salary compensation.

In summary the thesis concludes that when both the provisions are applicable there is a risk that the purpose of the regulations will be violated. As companies where the outsider rule impedes the incentive to converse earned income to capital income. If funds are moved from a company which the outside rule is applicable the concept of equal or similar operations may still be applied to the interest the shareholder have in the receiving company. If so, the application is contrary to the purpose of the regulations. 
In addition to the conclusion de lege lata, followed my own reflections de lege ferenda of the application of the legislation.}},
  author       = {{Wahlman, Karin}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Smita eller smitta? – Utomståenderegeln i förhållande till begreppet om samma eller likartad verksamhet inom reglerna om fåmansföretagsbeskattning}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}