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(O)Förutsägbara tillståndsprocesser? - En undersökning av kravet på samråd med enskilda som kan anses särskilt berörda enligt 6 kap. miljöbalken

Meiby, Hilma LU (2022) LAGF03 20221
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
När ett företag vill bedriva en miljöfarlig verksamhet krävs det att de beviljas ett tillstånd för verksamheten i enlighet med miljöbalken (1998:808). När systemet för tillståndsprocessen sattes i bruk var lagstiftaren tvungen att göra flera avvägningar, bland annat mellan nyttan för miljön och ekonomin. Tillståndsprocessen ger myndigheter och domstolar chansen att granska verksamheten. Den ger också enskilda möjligheten att komma till tals för att i slutändan resultera i en så liten klimat- och miljöpåverkan från verksamheten som möjligt. Detta för att Sverige ska arbeta för en hållbar utveckling.
Samma process satte förra året stopp för två stora företag när de ansökte om tillstånd. I ett av fallen var anledningen att företaget hade... (More)
När ett företag vill bedriva en miljöfarlig verksamhet krävs det att de beviljas ett tillstånd för verksamheten i enlighet med miljöbalken (1998:808). När systemet för tillståndsprocessen sattes i bruk var lagstiftaren tvungen att göra flera avvägningar, bland annat mellan nyttan för miljön och ekonomin. Tillståndsprocessen ger myndigheter och domstolar chansen att granska verksamheten. Den ger också enskilda möjligheten att komma till tals för att i slutändan resultera i en så liten klimat- och miljöpåverkan från verksamheten som möjligt. Detta för att Sverige ska arbeta för en hållbar utveckling.
Samma process satte förra året stopp för två stora företag när de ansökte om tillstånd. I ett av fallen var anledningen att företaget hade brustit vid samrådsförfarandet. Resultatet har blivit att företag runt om i Sverige uttrycker missnöje då de menar att dessa oförutsägbara tillståndsprocesser hämmar utvecklingen och hämmar Sveriges konkurrenskraft. Med detta i åtanke syftar uppsatsen till att undersöka de krav som ställs på företag när de genomför samråd med enskilda som kan anses särskilt berörda, samt om eventuella brister kan avhjälpas i efterhand. Uppsatsen undersöker även om några skyldigheter att processleda kan åläggas myndigheterna och domstolarna i fråga.
Det framkommer av utredningen att individuella bedömningar ska göras i varje enskilt fall. Enskilda som kan anses vara särskilt berörda ska bjudas in till samråd. Detta kan göras via en lokal tidning som har tillräcklig spridning i området. Rättspraxis och förarbeten pekar dock på att närboende ska bjudas in genom direktkontakt när denna grupp av personer inte anses vara för stor. Om domstolen anser att det föreligger brister i samrådsförfarandet finns det inga formella hinder mot att låta den potentiella verksamhetsutövaren avhjälpa bristerna i efterhand. Domstolarna tenderar dock att neka verksamhetsutövaren denna möjlighet när de anser att syftet med samrådet till viss del går förlorat. Avslutningsvis konstaterar uppsatsen att domstolarna och myndigheterna i fråga anses ha en viss skyldighet att processleda. I rättspraxis har det även fastslagits att frågan om brister i samrådet är något som domstolen så snart som möjligt ska ta ställning till. (Less)
Abstract
When a company wants to create a new business that can be regarded as harmful for the environment, the company in question must apply for a permit in accordance with the Swedish Environmental code (1998:808). The legislator, when creating this process of applying for a permit, had to balance multiple different interests. Some of these interests include the environment and the economic aspect. This process allows courts and other authorities to review the prospective business, and it also allows individuals who might be affected by the prospective business to express their opinions. The result will hopefully be a business that has the most limited environmental impact possible. The reason behind this is the concept that Sweden should strive... (More)
When a company wants to create a new business that can be regarded as harmful for the environment, the company in question must apply for a permit in accordance with the Swedish Environmental code (1998:808). The legislator, when creating this process of applying for a permit, had to balance multiple different interests. Some of these interests include the environment and the economic aspect. This process allows courts and other authorities to review the prospective business, and it also allows individuals who might be affected by the prospective business to express their opinions. The result will hopefully be a business that has the most limited environmental impact possible. The reason behind this is the concept that Sweden should strive for a sustainable development.
Last year, the same process prevented two large companies from receiving their permit due to different reasons, one of them being faults in the consultation process. Companies in Sweden have shown their dissatisfaction with the whole process. They argue that the process is unpredictable, and this will negatively impact Sweden’s competitiveness. This thesis will therefore explore the obligations that fall on the business developers when they must consult with particularly affected individuals. This study also examines whether the business developers are given the chance to correct their potential mistakes afterwards and whether the authorities in question have any obligation to guide the business developers through the process.
This thesis concludes that individual assessments must be made in each case. Individuals who can be affected by the prospective business shall be invited to a public consultation. The prospective business developer can advertise the consultation in a local newspaper. However, case law and legislative history show that civilians who live close to the prospective business should be invited through direct contact if this group of people can be regarded as small in quantity. If the prospective business developer fails to follow the correct consultation procedure, there are no formal restrictions preventing the courts from allowing the business developer to correct these mistakes subsequently. Yet, the courts tend to dismiss this possibility when they conclude that the purpose of the consultation has somewhat been lost. Lastly, it can be concluded that the courts and authorities have a responsibility to help guide the business developers. It has also been shown in case law that courts have a responsibility to point out possible flaws in the consultation process as soon as possible. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Meiby, Hilma LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20221
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
Förvaltningsrätt, Miljörätt, Tillståndsprövning, Samrådsförfarande
language
Swedish
id
9081163
date added to LUP
2022-06-28 11:09:03
date last changed
2022-06-28 11:09:03
@misc{9081163,
  abstract     = {{When a company wants to create a new business that can be regarded as harmful for the environment, the company in question must apply for a permit in accordance with the Swedish Environmental code (1998:808). The legislator, when creating this process of applying for a permit, had to balance multiple different interests. Some of these interests include the environment and the economic aspect. This process allows courts and other authorities to review the prospective business, and it also allows individuals who might be affected by the prospective business to express their opinions. The result will hopefully be a business that has the most limited environmental impact possible. The reason behind this is the concept that Sweden should strive for a sustainable development.
Last year, the same process prevented two large companies from receiving their permit due to different reasons, one of them being faults in the consultation process. Companies in Sweden have shown their dissatisfaction with the whole process. They argue that the process is unpredictable, and this will negatively impact Sweden’s competitiveness. This thesis will therefore explore the obligations that fall on the business developers when they must consult with particularly affected individuals. This study also examines whether the business developers are given the chance to correct their potential mistakes afterwards and whether the authorities in question have any obligation to guide the business developers through the process.
This thesis concludes that individual assessments must be made in each case. Individuals who can be affected by the prospective business shall be invited to a public consultation. The prospective business developer can advertise the consultation in a local newspaper. However, case law and legislative history show that civilians who live close to the prospective business should be invited through direct contact if this group of people can be regarded as small in quantity. If the prospective business developer fails to follow the correct consultation procedure, there are no formal restrictions preventing the courts from allowing the business developer to correct these mistakes subsequently. Yet, the courts tend to dismiss this possibility when they conclude that the purpose of the consultation has somewhat been lost. Lastly, it can be concluded that the courts and authorities have a responsibility to help guide the business developers. It has also been shown in case law that courts have a responsibility to point out possible flaws in the consultation process as soon as possible.}},
  author       = {{Meiby, Hilma}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{(O)Förutsägbara tillståndsprocesser? - En undersökning av kravet på samråd med enskilda som kan anses särskilt berörda enligt 6 kap. miljöbalken}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}