Svenska rumstypologier - med exempel från industrialismen till idag

Abstract (Swedish)

De historiska typologier som förekommit
i svensk byggnadshistoria ligger till grund
för var bostaden befinner sig idag. Jag
anser att uppkomsten, utformningen och
utforskningen av densamma är central för
förståelsen för samtidens bostäder och dess
enskilda rum. I detta arbete försöker jag
presentera, funktionellt katalogisera, och
analysera de rumstypologier som förekommit,
och fortfarande förekommer, i den svenska
bostaden. Resultatet är en katalog av
typologier, där analysen kretsar kring den
förändring som det svenska bostadsbeståndet
genomgått. Arbetets fokus ligger på de
typologiska funktioner som är centrala för
en bostad, som har kopplingar tillbaka i
tiden i den svenska bostadshistorien. Dessa
grundläggande behov täcker mat, umgänge,
sömn, hygien och förvaring.
Resultatet som jag ser det leder till tre
huvudpunkter. Den första handlar om den
nutida bostadens typologier, och deras
ursprung i tidigt 1900-tal. Ideologiska ideal,
statens ekonomiska och lagstiftande makt,
samt funktionella förebilder hämtade från
borgerliga typologier driver utvecklingen
framåt av bostäders utformning där förbättrad
standard och tillgänglighet blir viktiga
faktorer.
Punkt två behandlar det bortfall av äldre
generationers typologier, som försvunnit
eller kraftigt reducerats. Kritiska punkter för
deras existens var kopplade till bostadens
representativa karaktär och betydelse, samt
ekonomiska klyftor inom samhället, vilket
lade grunden till hushåll med typologiska
förekomster anpassade för tjänstefolk.

Den sista aspekten behandlar sekvensen
av uteveckling som en ny typologi formas
genom. Steg ett är ideologisk och oförutsägbar,
bryter mot etablerade normer och strukturer
i samhället. Efter detta genomgår typologin
en hårdare vetenskaplig granskning och
utformning där en funktionell och ekonomisk
standard tydligare efterfrågas. Slutligen
släpper de politiskt drivande medlen
utvecklingen och typologin är nu fri att
påverkas av dess interaktioner med brukare,
med marknaden som styrning.

Popular Abstract

My work surrounds the dwelling, more
specifically the respective typological
characteristics that it consists of. The research
focuses on their execution, development and
transformation, from the 19th century to today.
To further understand the homes of today,
and perhaps their implications tomorrow, I
aim to catalog and study the connections
and parameters surrounding these rooms. The
chapters are divided functionally from four
main purposes of a dwelling: sustenance,
socializing, rest and hygiene. Added to this
list is the aspect of storage, which serves as
a support for other functional actors within
the dwelling. The question was weather this
catalog could investigate larger trends
in the typologies: for instance, their time
of appearance, driving forces or resulting
implications in the homes in society.
The studied examples aim to represent a broad
picture of the citizens of any one period, and
the aim was therefore to cut any examples
that appear exclusive or restricted. However
several rooms begin their development within
an expensive building typology and is included
as to give a thorough background.
The catalogue made two timings apparent. One
timing tied to the birth of several typologies
paramount to the dwelling of today. This shift
began in the 1920-30 with the functionalist and
hygienist movements as ideological themes,
supported by the governments increased
interest in the residential sector, and with
functional inspiration from existing bourgeois
typologies.
The second shift is one of typological
extinction during the middle of the 20th
century. It tells the story of two major
structures that became obsolete. Increasing
equality and economic growth made the
presence of servants fade away. Secondly,
the dwelling had previously made a shift
towards the private, and away from the official
or representative character. As the changes
themselves were slow and of a gradual pace
the built environment responded in kind, and
this takes place over the better part of half
a century. The end result is that plenty of
typologies that catered to either purpose were
no longer viable candidates for these new
conditions.
As new typologies were birthed for the
common citizen, the rooms themselves
went through a interesting pattern of
change. In my opinion, the catalyst
for change is a period of rapid change,
ideological arguments and resistance from
both environment and users. These are the
results from a planning perspective as seen
from ‘above’, wherein the designer has other
intentions than the intended recipient might.
Following this is a sequence of research
and studies usually during the 1940-60s,
developing functional and economical values
of the typology. Their appearance is brought
on by the governing body, requiring hard
measurements to guarantee a certain standard
of living.
Then, as the government begins to let go of
their position of power, the interaction between
the user and its environment, weather physical
home or the housing market, becomes the
driving force of typologies. As the market is
driven by economical factors, its development
follows the same path searching for viable
typologies to expand upon, as long as the
market demands it.
Today the built environment follows the
market as long as the individual has the
economic means to affect that market. Should
we strive to minimize the middle man, our
dwellings might not only more clearly reflect
their users, but also fit them better. This
individualism seems to be, after all, one core
part of our way of life.

• author: Hörnblad, David
• supervisor: Johnny Åstrand
• organization: Department of Architecture and Built Environment
• alternative title: Swedish room typologies - with examples from the industrialism to present
• course: AAHM01 20221
• year: 2022
• type: H2 - Master's Degree (Two Years)
• subject: Arts and Architecture
• keywords: Architecture, Room types, Room typologies, Typologies, Catalog
• language: Swedish
• id: 9095799
• date added to LUP: 2022-07-07 12:41:08
• date last changed: 2022-07-07 12:41:08