Köpa samtycke? - Köp av sexuell tjänst och våldtäkt ur ett gemensamt perspektiv
(2022) JURM02 20222Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract
- The debate regarding sexual violations and the right to sexual integrity and self-determination is a topic that engages both researchers and the public. Alongside this debate, there is a widespread commercial market that provides sexual services where the legislator and the judicature have been passive. This reluctance to change primarily refers to the crime's penal value, but also to the protective interests. In 2019, a man was convicted of negligent rape after buying sexual services from a woman who was a victim of human trafficking. The case was much discussed, and the issue of prostitutes' rights became relevant in the criminal debate. In this paper, I investigate the crime of purchase of sexual services and the crime of rape from a... (More)
- The debate regarding sexual violations and the right to sexual integrity and self-determination is a topic that engages both researchers and the public. Alongside this debate, there is a widespread commercial market that provides sexual services where the legislator and the judicature have been passive. This reluctance to change primarily refers to the crime's penal value, but also to the protective interests. In 2019, a man was convicted of negligent rape after buying sexual services from a woman who was a victim of human trafficking. The case was much discussed, and the issue of prostitutes' rights became relevant in the criminal debate. In this paper, I investigate the crime of purchase of sexual services and the crime of rape from a common perspective. This is made through an investigating of the underlying protective interests of these crimes, the requirement of consent in sexual crimes related to agreed sexual acts, and aggravating circumstances in prostitution.
This thesis briefly examines how Sweden has chosen to criminalize purchases of sex. The focus in this part is on the crime of purchase of sexual services and the underlying protective interests. A similar investigation is carried out in relation to the crime of rape and the 2018th sexual crime reform, which entailed a strong marking for everyone’s right to sexual integrity and self-determination. This investigation is done with the aim of examining the common perspective of the purchase of sexual services and rape throughout the course of the essay. Regarding this part, I conclude that the crime of buying sexual services would provide a stronger protection for women's rights if it had been designed as a crime against individuals. Relevant to this part of the essay is also the feminist research and the empirical material that has contributed to the discussion about whether prostitutes are to be seen as victims or not. I present positions for both views and conclude that prostitutes are to be seen as victims for several reasons.
To give concrete examples of how Swedish legislation and law enforcement on several levels can be considered to fail prostituted women, a few legal cases are presented. In this part, it is concluded that the application of the law regarding the purchase of sex should consider, to a greater extent, whether there was consent or not. If consent cannot be determined to have existed, I believe that the incident initially should be handled as rape. In summary, it is established that consent is a missing requisite in cases of sex purchases where the circumstance is assumed rather than investigated. In the thesis, a normative argument based on the presented material is made. The analysis leads to the conclusion that consent and sexual integrity should have greater importance for the application of the crime of purchase of sexual services. (Less) - Abstract (Swedish)
- Debatten kring sexuella kränkningar och rätten till sexuell integritet och själv-bestämmanderätt är ett ämne som engagerar både forskare och samhället i stort. Vid sidan av denna debatt pågår en utbredd kommersiell marknad som tillhandahåller sexuella tjänster, där lagstiftaren och rättstillämparen länge har varit passiva. Passiviteten föreligger främst i förhållande till brottets straff-värde och dess skyddsobjekt. År 2019 dömdes en man för oaktsam våldtäkt efter att ha köpt sexuella tjänster av en kvinna som var offer för människo-handel. Målet blev mycket omdiskuterat och frågan kring prostituerades rättigheter blev återigen högaktuell. I denna uppsats görs en utredning kring brotten köp av sexuell tjänst och våldtäkt ur ett gemensamt... (More)
- Debatten kring sexuella kränkningar och rätten till sexuell integritet och själv-bestämmanderätt är ett ämne som engagerar både forskare och samhället i stort. Vid sidan av denna debatt pågår en utbredd kommersiell marknad som tillhandahåller sexuella tjänster, där lagstiftaren och rättstillämparen länge har varit passiva. Passiviteten föreligger främst i förhållande till brottets straff-värde och dess skyddsobjekt. År 2019 dömdes en man för oaktsam våldtäkt efter att ha köpt sexuella tjänster av en kvinna som var offer för människo-handel. Målet blev mycket omdiskuterat och frågan kring prostituerades rättigheter blev återigen högaktuell. I denna uppsats görs en utredning kring brotten köp av sexuell tjänst och våldtäkt ur ett gemensamt perspektiv. Detta sker genom en utredning avseende brottens bakomliggande skyddsintressen, kravet på frivillighet vid sexualbrott i förhållande till avtalade sexuella handlingar, samt försvårande omständigheter vid sexköp.
I uppsatsen utreds kortfattat hur Sverige har valt att kriminalisera sexköp. Centralt för denna del är brottet köp av sexuell tjänsts bakomliggande skydds-intressen. En liknande utredning görs i förhållande till våldtäktsbrottet och 2018 års sexualbrottsreform, som innebar en stark markering för varje indi-vids rätt till sexuell integritet och självbestämmanderätt. Denna utredning görs i syfte att genom hela uppsatsens gång undersöka köp av sexuell tjänst och våldtäkt ur detta gemensamma perspektiv. Avseende denna del kommer jag fram till att brottet köp av sexuell tjänst hade givit ett starkare skydd för kvinnors rättigheter om det varit utformat som ett brott mot person. Relevant för denna del av uppsatsen är även den feministiska forskning och det empiriska material som har bidragit till diskussionen kring huruvida prostituerade är att se som offer eller inte. Jag presenterar ställningstaganden för båda uppfattningarna och kommer fram till att prostituerade är att betrakta som offer av flera anledningar.
För att ge konkreta exempel på hur den svenska lagstiftningen och rättstilllämpningen på flera nivåer kan anses svika prostituerade kvinnor presenteras ett antal rättsfall. I denna del dras bland annat slutsatsen att rättstillämpningen avseende sexköp i högre grad borde beakta huruvida det förelegat frivillighet eller inte. Om frivillighet inte kan anses föreligga, menar jag att händelsen bör utredas som våldtäkt. Sammanfattningsvis konstateras att samtycke och frivillighet är ett saknat rekvisit i fall av sexköp, där frivillighet snarare förutsätts än utreds. I uppsatsen förs en normativ argumentation baserad på det presenterade materialet. Diskussionen resulterar i slutsatsen att frivillighet och sexuell integritet borde ha en större betydelse för tillämpningen av brottet köp av sexuell tjänst. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9104779
- author
- Klahr, Amanda LU
- supervisor
- organization
- alternative title
- Buying consent? - Purchase of sexual services and rape from a common perspective
- course
- JURM02 20222
- year
- 2022
- type
- H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
- subject
- keywords
- Straffrätt, criminal law, rättsvetenskap, law
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 9104779
- date added to LUP
- 2023-01-23 11:39:44
- date last changed
- 2023-01-23 11:39:44
@misc{9104779,
abstract = {{The debate regarding sexual violations and the right to sexual integrity and self-determination is a topic that engages both researchers and the public. Alongside this debate, there is a widespread commercial market that provides sexual services where the legislator and the judicature have been passive. This reluctance to change primarily refers to the crime's penal value, but also to the protective interests. In 2019, a man was convicted of negligent rape after buying sexual services from a woman who was a victim of human trafficking. The case was much discussed, and the issue of prostitutes' rights became relevant in the criminal debate. In this paper, I investigate the crime of purchase of sexual services and the crime of rape from a common perspective. This is made through an investigating of the underlying protective interests of these crimes, the requirement of consent in sexual crimes related to agreed sexual acts, and aggravating circumstances in prostitution.
This thesis briefly examines how Sweden has chosen to criminalize purchases of sex. The focus in this part is on the crime of purchase of sexual services and the underlying protective interests. A similar investigation is carried out in relation to the crime of rape and the 2018th sexual crime reform, which entailed a strong marking for everyone’s right to sexual integrity and self-determination. This investigation is done with the aim of examining the common perspective of the purchase of sexual services and rape throughout the course of the essay. Regarding this part, I conclude that the crime of buying sexual services would provide a stronger protection for women's rights if it had been designed as a crime against individuals. Relevant to this part of the essay is also the feminist research and the empirical material that has contributed to the discussion about whether prostitutes are to be seen as victims or not. I present positions for both views and conclude that prostitutes are to be seen as victims for several reasons.
To give concrete examples of how Swedish legislation and law enforcement on several levels can be considered to fail prostituted women, a few legal cases are presented. In this part, it is concluded that the application of the law regarding the purchase of sex should consider, to a greater extent, whether there was consent or not. If consent cannot be determined to have existed, I believe that the incident initially should be handled as rape. In summary, it is established that consent is a missing requisite in cases of sex purchases where the circumstance is assumed rather than investigated. In the thesis, a normative argument based on the presented material is made. The analysis leads to the conclusion that consent and sexual integrity should have greater importance for the application of the crime of purchase of sexual services.}},
author = {{Klahr, Amanda}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Köpa samtycke? - Köp av sexuell tjänst och våldtäkt ur ett gemensamt perspektiv}},
year = {{2022}},
}