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Selektiva straffskärpningar – minskad likabehandling? – En analys av straffskärpningar utifrån teoretiska, rättsliga och etiska principer

Sewelén, Isabelle LU (2022) JURM02 20222
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
Gang crime has lately been a high-priority issue, both by the legislature and among the public. As a result of this, the government decided on the 11th of June 2020 to set up an inquiry that would introduce new measures against crimes in criminal networks (SOU 2021:68). Among their proposals is a new penalty enhancement provision, whose purpose is to enable significantly harsher punishment for crimes committed in certain criminal networks. At the same time, several of the criminal justice reforms that have been taken, as well as SOU 2021:68, have received some criticism. The criticism has mainly been focused on the problematic fact that the political rhetoric is largely based on a dichotomization in terms of "us" and "them".
Parts of the... (More)
Gang crime has lately been a high-priority issue, both by the legislature and among the public. As a result of this, the government decided on the 11th of June 2020 to set up an inquiry that would introduce new measures against crimes in criminal networks (SOU 2021:68). Among their proposals is a new penalty enhancement provision, whose purpose is to enable significantly harsher punishment for crimes committed in certain criminal networks. At the same time, several of the criminal justice reforms that have been taken, as well as SOU 2021:68, have received some criticism. The criticism has mainly been focused on the problematic fact that the political rhetoric is largely based on a dichotomization in terms of "us" and "them".
Parts of the criticism that have been made must also be seen with essential principles and theories that Swedish criminal law is based on. In addition to these, the legislation contains some provisions that set certain requirements on how criminal law must be designed by the legislator. What these have in common is that the provisions aim to maintain values concerning that all are equal before the law and that everybody must be treated equally before the law and have the right to non-discrimination. At the same time, several of the rights have their roots in ethical considerations, that is unwritten rules, which means that their deeper meaning is depending on the ruling power. Situations may therefore arise, where the public’s opinion of norms may come in conflict with fundamental ethical values.
A jurisprudential method has been applied in the essay, where the purpose has been to analyze the outer limits of increased penalties with the starting point in the inquiry’s proposal of a new penalty enhancement provision. A material justice perspective has been applied to analyze how the proposal can be understood based on certain aspects of rule of law aspects certainty and constitution likewise, and whether the current system can be considered to assure protection against discretionary criminal law.
Section 4 presents a study of legal awareness. The study provides some evidence that the general legal awareness, which reflects the public view on crime in the media who often have basic information, wanted harsher punishments and consequently, that the current punishments are too weak. However, the results of the study provided some evidence that the inclination to punish generally decreases the more well-informed (about the actual crime committed and its circumstances) the public is. Section 6 states that the current order is unsatisfactory when it comes to the protection against arbitrary regulatory penalties and hence poses a challenge to fundamental ethical values. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Gängbrottslighet har under senare tid varit en högst prioriterad fråga, både av lagstiftaren och bland allmänheten. Som en följd härav beslutade dåvarande regeringen den 11 juni 2020 att en utredning skulle tillsättas för att undersöka olika åtgärder mot brott i kriminella nätverk (SOU 2021:68). Bland de förslag utredningen har lämnat i sitt finns införandet av en ny straffskärpningsgrund vars syfte är att möjliggöra betydligt strängare straff för vissa kriminella nätverk. Samtidigt har flera av de straffrättsliga reformer som ägt rum samt SOU 2021:68 kantats av viss kritik. Kritiken har framför allt berört det problematiska med att den politiska retoriken i hög grad bygger på en dikotomisering i termer av ”vi” och ”dem”.
Delar av... (More)
Gängbrottslighet har under senare tid varit en högst prioriterad fråga, både av lagstiftaren och bland allmänheten. Som en följd härav beslutade dåvarande regeringen den 11 juni 2020 att en utredning skulle tillsättas för att undersöka olika åtgärder mot brott i kriminella nätverk (SOU 2021:68). Bland de förslag utredningen har lämnat i sitt finns införandet av en ny straffskärpningsgrund vars syfte är att möjliggöra betydligt strängare straff för vissa kriminella nätverk. Samtidigt har flera av de straffrättsliga reformer som ägt rum samt SOU 2021:68 kantats av viss kritik. Kritiken har framför allt berört det problematiska med att den politiska retoriken i hög grad bygger på en dikotomisering i termer av ”vi” och ”dem”.
Delar av kritiken som framförts måste även ses i relation till de principer och teorier som svensk straffrätt omgärdas av. Utöver nämnda principer och teorier, innehåller lagstiftningen bestämmelser som medför krav på hur strafflagar ska utformas av lagstiftaren. Gemensamt för dessa är att bestämmelserna syftar till att upprätthålla värden som rör alla personers rätt till likhet inför lagen och att lika fall ska behandlas lika, att alla människor är lika värda samt rätten till icke-diskriminering. Samtidigt har flera av de nämna rättigheterna sin grund i etiska överväganden, som ofta utgörs av oskrivna regler, vilket får till följd att deras närmare innebörd är beroende av den rådande maktens uppfattning av dessa. Det kan därför uppstå situationer där allmänhetens uppfattning om normer kan krocka med etiska grundvärden.
I uppsatsen tillämpas en rättsvetenskaplig metod där syftet har varit att undersöka och analysera de yttre gränserna för straffskärpningar med utgångspunkt i utredningens förslag om en ny straffskärpningsgrund. Ett materiellt rättviseperspektiv har använts för att analysera hur den föreslagna straffskärpningsgrunden kan förstås utifrån vissa rättssäkerhetsaspekter samt konstitutionella likaså, samt huruvida den nuvarande ordningen kan anses tillförsäkra ett skydd mot godtycklig strafflagstiftning.
I avsnitt 4 redogörs bl.a. för en studie kring det allmänna rättsmedvetandet. Studien ger visst belägg för att det generella rättsmedvetandet, som återspeglar den tillfrågade opinionen i media som ofta har begränsad information, vill ha hårdare straff och att nuvarande straff är för milda. Studiens resultat gav dock visst belägg för att straffbenägenheten hos allmänheten generellt sett minskar ju mer informerad allmänheten är (om det aktuella brottet och rådande omständigheter). I avsnitt 6 fastlås att nuvarande ordning inte är tillfredställande vad avser den enskildes individens skydd mot godtycklig straffrättslig behandling och att den innebär en utmaning för etiska grundvärden. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Sewelén, Isabelle LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Selective increased penalties - reduced equal treatment?
course
JURM02 20222
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
straffrätt, konstitutionell rätt, straffskärpningar, rättssäkerhet, materiell rättvisa, allmänna rättsmedvetandet, etisk straffrätt
language
Swedish
id
9104785
date added to LUP
2023-01-25 17:33:10
date last changed
2023-01-25 17:33:10
@misc{9104785,
  abstract     = {{Gang crime has lately been a high-priority issue, both by the legislature and among the public. As a result of this, the government decided on the 11th of June 2020 to set up an inquiry that would introduce new measures against crimes in criminal networks (SOU 2021:68). Among their proposals is a new penalty enhancement provision, whose purpose is to enable significantly harsher punishment for crimes committed in certain criminal networks. At the same time, several of the criminal justice reforms that have been taken, as well as SOU 2021:68, have received some criticism. The criticism has mainly been focused on the problematic fact that the political rhetoric is largely based on a dichotomization in terms of "us" and "them".
Parts of the criticism that have been made must also be seen with essential principles and theories that Swedish criminal law is based on. In addition to these, the legislation contains some provisions that set certain requirements on how criminal law must be designed by the legislator. What these have in common is that the provisions aim to maintain values concerning that all are equal before the law and that everybody must be treated equally before the law and have the right to non-discrimination. At the same time, several of the rights have their roots in ethical considerations, that is unwritten rules, which means that their deeper meaning is depending on the ruling power. Situations may therefore arise, where the public’s opinion of norms may come in conflict with fundamental ethical values.
A jurisprudential method has been applied in the essay, where the purpose has been to analyze the outer limits of increased penalties with the starting point in the inquiry’s proposal of a new penalty enhancement provision. A material justice perspective has been applied to analyze how the proposal can be understood based on certain aspects of rule of law aspects certainty and constitution likewise, and whether the current system can be considered to assure protection against discretionary criminal law.
Section 4 presents a study of legal awareness. The study provides some evidence that the general legal awareness, which reflects the public view on crime in the media who often have basic information, wanted harsher punishments and consequently, that the current punishments are too weak. However, the results of the study provided some evidence that the inclination to punish generally decreases the more well-informed (about the actual crime committed and its circumstances) the public is. Section 6 states that the current order is unsatisfactory when it comes to the protection against arbitrary regulatory penalties and hence poses a challenge to fundamental ethical values.}},
  author       = {{Sewelén, Isabelle}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Selektiva straffskärpningar – minskad likabehandling? – En analys av straffskärpningar utifrån teoretiska, rättsliga och etiska principer}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}