Våldtäkt som krigsvapen - En studie om kvinnors rättsliga skydd mot våldtäkter i väpnade konflikter med särskilt fokus på den Internationella brottmålsdomstolens arbete.
(2022) LAGF03 20222Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract
- Rape and other forms of sexual violence committed with impunity during armed conflicts as well as peacetime has been condemned by the UN and the international community. However, this position is a relatively new. The late reaction to the war-related rapes is partly a consequence of the fact that rape has historically been the subject of myths. Myths such as that rapes represent an inevitable result of war or that they are committed by sexual deviants. Its systematic nature has therefore been ignored as well as the seriousness of the crime, which has often led to impunity.
Discussions about sexual violence in international law circles intensified during the 1990s. In the wake of the discussions, two ad hoc tribunals were created: the ICTR... (More) - Rape and other forms of sexual violence committed with impunity during armed conflicts as well as peacetime has been condemned by the UN and the international community. However, this position is a relatively new. The late reaction to the war-related rapes is partly a consequence of the fact that rape has historically been the subject of myths. Myths such as that rapes represent an inevitable result of war or that they are committed by sexual deviants. Its systematic nature has therefore been ignored as well as the seriousness of the crime, which has often led to impunity.
Discussions about sexual violence in international law circles intensified during the 1990s. In the wake of the discussions, two ad hoc tribunals were created: the ICTR and the ICTY. The two tribunals revealed the need for a more rigorous and permanent solution and hence the permanent International Criminal Court was founded in 2002. However, it was not until 2016 that the ICC sentenced a person for criminal liability for rape in connection with an armed conflict. However, the ICC appeals court reversed the conviction and exonerated the person from all charges. In 2019 a second person was sentenced for criminal liability for rape in connection with an armed conflict.
This paper analyzes the legal development of women's protection against conflict-related rape and to analyze whether legal protection has been strengthened since the establishment of the ICC. The paper will further discuss the relationship between the ICC and the UN Security Council in relation to rape as a crime against humanity. Finally, the analysis discusses what potential measures could be used for the ICC to achieve its purpose.
The thesis will show that women's legal protection against rape in armed conflicts has to some extent been strengthened by the founding of the ICC. However, there is still a major challenge in the fact that too few prosecutions are brought. Further, the paper shows that the Security Council prevents the ICC from achieving its objective, which is to reduce impunity and to prevent conflict-related rapes. (Less) - Abstract (Swedish)
- I väpnade konflikter så väl som i fredstid har förekomsten av våldtäkter och dess utbredda straffrihet fördömts av FN och förbud mot detta har konsekvent erkänts inom det internationella samfundet. Denna ståndpunkt är dock en för- hållandevis ny strävan. Den sena reaktionen på de krigsrelaterade våldtäk- terna är delvis en konsekvens av att våldtäkt historiskt präglats av myter. My- ter så som att våldtäkter representerar en oundviklig biprodukt av krig eller att de begås av sexuellt avvikande. Dess systematiska karaktär har därför ig- norerats liksom brottets allvar, vilket ofta lett till straffrihet.
Diskussionen kring sexuellt våld inom folkrättsliga kretsar intensifierades un- der 1990-talet. I spåren av diskussionerna inrättades de... (More) - I väpnade konflikter så väl som i fredstid har förekomsten av våldtäkter och dess utbredda straffrihet fördömts av FN och förbud mot detta har konsekvent erkänts inom det internationella samfundet. Denna ståndpunkt är dock en för- hållandevis ny strävan. Den sena reaktionen på de krigsrelaterade våldtäk- terna är delvis en konsekvens av att våldtäkt historiskt präglats av myter. My- ter så som att våldtäkter representerar en oundviklig biprodukt av krig eller att de begås av sexuellt avvikande. Dess systematiska karaktär har därför ig- norerats liksom brottets allvar, vilket ofta lett till straffrihet.
Diskussionen kring sexuellt våld inom folkrättsliga kretsar intensifierades un- der 1990-talet. I spåren av diskussionerna inrättades de två ad hoc tribuna- lerna ICTR och ICTY. De två tribunalerna synliggjorde behovet av en mer seriös och permanent lösning och därav grundandes den permanenta internat- ionella brottmålsdomstolen år 2002. Det var emellertid först år 2016 som ICC dömde en person till personligt straffansvar för våldtäkt i samband med en väpnad konflikt. ICC:s överklagandeinstans beslutade dock två år senare att fria personen från samtliga åtalspunkter. 2019 dömdes en andra person för personligt straffansvar för våldtäkt i samband med en väpnad konflikt.
Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka rättsutvecklingen av kvinnors skydd mot konfliktrelaterade våldtäkter samt att analysera huruvida det rättsliga skyddet stärkts sedan etableringen av ICC. Uppsatsen kommer vidare att diskutera re- lationen mellan ICC och FN:s säkerhetsråd i förhållande till våldtäkt som brott mot mänskligheten. Avslutningsvis diskuteras vilka potentiella åtgärder som skulle kunna användas för att ICC ska uppnå sitt syfte.
Uppsatsen kommer påvisa att kvinnors rättsliga skydd mot våldtäkter i väp- nade konflikter till viss mån har stärkts genom grundandet av ICC. Det finns emellertid en fortsatt stor utmaning i att för få åtal väcks. Vidare visar upp- satsen att Säkerhetsrådet försvårar för ICC att uppnå sitt syfte; att minska straffriheten samt att förebygga och förhindra konfliktrelaterade våldtäkter. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9105117
- author
- Zedendahl Persson, Vera LU
- supervisor
-
- Mariya Senyk LU
- organization
- course
- LAGF03 20222
- year
- 2022
- type
- M2 - Bachelor Degree
- subject
- keywords
- folkrätt, rättshistoria
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 9105117
- date added to LUP
- 2023-02-03 16:43:25
- date last changed
- 2023-02-03 16:43:25
@misc{9105117,
abstract = {{Rape and other forms of sexual violence committed with impunity during armed conflicts as well as peacetime has been condemned by the UN and the international community. However, this position is a relatively new. The late reaction to the war-related rapes is partly a consequence of the fact that rape has historically been the subject of myths. Myths such as that rapes represent an inevitable result of war or that they are committed by sexual deviants. Its systematic nature has therefore been ignored as well as the seriousness of the crime, which has often led to impunity.
Discussions about sexual violence in international law circles intensified during the 1990s. In the wake of the discussions, two ad hoc tribunals were created: the ICTR and the ICTY. The two tribunals revealed the need for a more rigorous and permanent solution and hence the permanent International Criminal Court was founded in 2002. However, it was not until 2016 that the ICC sentenced a person for criminal liability for rape in connection with an armed conflict. However, the ICC appeals court reversed the conviction and exonerated the person from all charges. In 2019 a second person was sentenced for criminal liability for rape in connection with an armed conflict.
This paper analyzes the legal development of women's protection against conflict-related rape and to analyze whether legal protection has been strengthened since the establishment of the ICC. The paper will further discuss the relationship between the ICC and the UN Security Council in relation to rape as a crime against humanity. Finally, the analysis discusses what potential measures could be used for the ICC to achieve its purpose.
The thesis will show that women's legal protection against rape in armed conflicts has to some extent been strengthened by the founding of the ICC. However, there is still a major challenge in the fact that too few prosecutions are brought. Further, the paper shows that the Security Council prevents the ICC from achieving its objective, which is to reduce impunity and to prevent conflict-related rapes.}},
author = {{Zedendahl Persson, Vera}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Våldtäkt som krigsvapen - En studie om kvinnors rättsliga skydd mot våldtäkter i väpnade konflikter med särskilt fokus på den Internationella brottmålsdomstolens arbete.}},
year = {{2022}},
}