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Upprättelse för barn i barnpornografibrott

Taranger Bergljung, Susanna LU (2023) JURM02 20231
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
This study aims to investigate and analyze what remedies that could be adequate for victims depicted in child pornography in Sweden. It was conducted using legal dogmatic method, combined in certain parts with child psychology regarding documented sexual abuse. This was done throughout a structural analysis of the issue, using a chapter format.
The theory used for analyzing the subject is an individual-liberal perspective on access to justice for victims. It uses a mixture of classic liberal criminal theory, developed partly by John Rawls, and the specific models put up by Alexander Peczenik for formal and material justice.
The material used in the study is mainly legal doctrine, an interview, formal legal text and legal cases, ranging... (More)
This study aims to investigate and analyze what remedies that could be adequate for victims depicted in child pornography in Sweden. It was conducted using legal dogmatic method, combined in certain parts with child psychology regarding documented sexual abuse. This was done throughout a structural analysis of the issue, using a chapter format.
The theory used for analyzing the subject is an individual-liberal perspective on access to justice for victims. It uses a mixture of classic liberal criminal theory, developed partly by John Rawls, and the specific models put up by Alexander Peczenik for formal and material justice.
The material used in the study is mainly legal doctrine, an interview, formal legal text and legal cases, ranging from Swedish district court to Swedish supreme court.
A highlighted issue in the study is the handling of restrictions in preliminary investigation from the prosecutors side, and the lack of access to remedies for victims that are not on Swedish territory, as well as victims of documented sexual abuse that don’t have a connection to the perpetrator in child pornography cases, apart from the perpertator possessing material depicting the child.
The topic is of high relevance as the expanding digitalization of society creates new ways for perpetrators to abuse children, while simultaneously creating new possibilities for law enforcement to adopt methods for investigations and identification of victims. Furthermore, it’s important to analyze the issues in today's legal climate where victims of crime are given a more central part of legal proceedings, and their access to remedies are highlighted as a bigger issue than before.
In conclusion the study found that the access for the victims to remedies is limited in Sweden. This showed partly in the way that no plaintiffs were found in cases surrounding only possessions of child pornography. This findings were prevalent even though identification of victims is a prioritized matter in Directive 2011/93/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child pornography, and in breach of several articles in the UN Convention of the Rights of the Child, no matter the territorial context the convention was applied.
Additionally, using certain anchor points in criminal theory, the study concluded that punishments imposed on perpetrators of crimes of possession and creating of child pornography are not always adopted with the victims right to remedies as a central focus, but that the retribution aspect is only partly considered in sentencing. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Denna studie syftar till att undersöka och analysera vilken typ av upprättelse som skulle kunna vara adekvat för offer som skildras i barnpornografi i Sverige. Studien använder främst rättsdogmatisk metod, i vissa delar kombinerat med en barnpsykologi gällande dokumenterade sexuella övergrepp. Studien genomfördes strukturellt, det vill säga löpande i kapitlen som återfinns.
Teorin som tillämpas i analysen är ett individuellt liberalt perspektiv för möjligheten till upprättelse för offer, med en blandning av en klassisk liberal straffteori som delvis utvecklats av John Rawls, och de specifika modeller som Alexander Peczenik satt upp för formell och materiell rättvisa.
Det material som används är främst rättsdoktrin, en intervju, formell... (More)
Denna studie syftar till att undersöka och analysera vilken typ av upprättelse som skulle kunna vara adekvat för offer som skildras i barnpornografi i Sverige. Studien använder främst rättsdogmatisk metod, i vissa delar kombinerat med en barnpsykologi gällande dokumenterade sexuella övergrepp. Studien genomfördes strukturellt, det vill säga löpande i kapitlen som återfinns.
Teorin som tillämpas i analysen är ett individuellt liberalt perspektiv för möjligheten till upprättelse för offer, med en blandning av en klassisk liberal straffteori som delvis utvecklats av John Rawls, och de specifika modeller som Alexander Peczenik satt upp för formell och materiell rättvisa.
Det material som används är främst rättsdoktrin, en intervju, formell lagtext och mål från svensk tingsrätt, hovrätt och högsta domstolen.
En uppmärksammad aspekt i studien är hanteringen av förundersökningsbegränsning och åtalsunderlåtelse från åklagarsidan, och bristen på tillgång till upprättelse för offer som inte befinner sig på svenskt territorium, samt offer för dokumenterade sexuella övergrepp som saknar koppling till gärningsmannen i barnpornografifall utöver att förövaren innehar material som skildrar barnet.
Ämnet är av hög relevans då den växande digitaliseringen av samhället skapar nya sätt för förövare att utnyttja barn, samtidigt som det skapar nya möjligheter för brottsbekämpande myndigheter att utveckla metoder för utredning och identifiering av offer. Vidare är det viktigt att analysera frågorna i dagens rättsliga klimat där brottsoffer ges en mer central del i rättsprocessen och deras tillgång till upprättelse lyfts fram som en viktigare fråga än tidigare.
I studien framgår det att möjligheten för offren till upprättelse är något begränsad i Sverige. Detta framgår delvis då inga målsägande fanns i de mål som undersökts i studien som endast rörde innehav av barnpornografi, även om identifiering av offren bör vara en prioriterad fråga, detta trots Europaparlamentets och rådets direktiv 2011/93/EU av den 13 december 2011 om bekämpning av sexuella övergrepp och sexuellt utnyttjande av barn och barnpornografi, och då det är i strid med flera artiklar i FN:s konvention om barnets rättigheter, oavsett vilket territoriellt sammanhang konventionen tillämpas i.
Dessutom, med hjälp av vissa ankarpunkter i straffteori, dras slutsatsen att straff som utdöms för gärningsmännen för innehav och skapande av barnpornografi inte alltid döms ut med offrens rätt till upprättelse som en centralt fokus, utan vedergällningsaspekten betraktas endast delvis vid straffmätningen. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Taranger Bergljung, Susanna LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Remedies for children in child pornography cases
course
JURM02 20231
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
straffteori, upprättelse, barnpornografibrott, sexuell exploatering av barn, straffrätt, rättsvetenskap, barnpsykologi, trauma, sexualbrott, brott, straff, brott.
language
Swedish
id
9115515
date added to LUP
2023-06-09 07:45:55
date last changed
2023-06-09 07:45:55
@misc{9115515,
  abstract     = {{This study aims to investigate and analyze what remedies that could be adequate for victims depicted in child pornography in Sweden. It was conducted using legal dogmatic method, combined in certain parts with child psychology regarding documented sexual abuse. This was done throughout a structural analysis of the issue, using a chapter format.
	The theory used for analyzing the subject is an individual-liberal perspective on access to justice for victims. It uses a mixture of classic liberal criminal theory, developed partly by John Rawls, and the specific models put up by Alexander Peczenik for formal and material justice.
	The material used in the study is mainly legal doctrine, an interview, formal legal text and legal cases, ranging from Swedish district court to Swedish supreme court. 
	A highlighted issue in the study is the handling of restrictions in preliminary investigation from the prosecutors side, and the lack of access to remedies for victims that are not on Swedish territory, as well as victims of documented sexual abuse that don’t have a connection to the perpetrator in child pornography cases, apart from the perpertator possessing material depicting the child.
	The topic is of high relevance as the expanding digitalization of society creates new ways for perpetrators to abuse children, while simultaneously creating new possibilities for law enforcement to adopt methods for investigations and identification of victims. Furthermore, it’s important to analyze the issues in today's legal climate where victims of crime are given a more central part of legal proceedings, and their access to remedies are highlighted as a bigger issue than before.
	In conclusion the study found that the access for the victims to remedies is limited in Sweden. This showed partly in the way that no plaintiffs were found in cases surrounding only possessions of child pornography. This findings were prevalent even though identification of victims is a prioritized matter in Directive 2011/93/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child pornography, and in breach of several articles in the UN Convention of the Rights of the Child, no matter the territorial context the convention was applied.
	Additionally, using certain anchor points in criminal theory, the study concluded that punishments imposed on perpetrators of crimes of possession and creating of child pornography are not always adopted with the victims right to remedies as a central focus, but that the retribution aspect is only partly considered in sentencing.}},
  author       = {{Taranger Bergljung, Susanna}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Upprättelse för barn i barnpornografibrott}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}