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Andrahandshyresgästens ställning i förändring - en undersökning av förändrad praxis på området

Mohajeri Falah, Arman LU (2023) JURM02 20231
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
The relationship between a residential tenant and a landlord is regulated in Chapter 12 of the Swedish Land Code. These regulations are compulsory for the benefit of tenants unless the law states otherwise. The rules of protected tenancy, Chapter 12, Article 46 and 57, and the rule of reasonable rent, Chap-ter 12, Article 19, are two crucial protective regulations in Chapter 12 of the Swedish Land code. In addition to the mandatory rules there is according to Chapter 12, Article 1(6) a special rule on so-called blockrental (Sw: blockhy-ra) of residential apartments. The purpose of blockrental is that the residential apartments are to be rented out to subtenants. In a block rental agreement, the parties can agree on waiving certain... (More)
The relationship between a residential tenant and a landlord is regulated in Chapter 12 of the Swedish Land Code. These regulations are compulsory for the benefit of tenants unless the law states otherwise. The rules of protected tenancy, Chapter 12, Article 46 and 57, and the rule of reasonable rent, Chap-ter 12, Article 19, are two crucial protective regulations in Chapter 12 of the Swedish Land code. In addition to the mandatory rules there is according to Chapter 12, Article 1(6) a special rule on so-called blockrental (Sw: blockhy-ra) of residential apartments. The purpose of blockrental is that the residential apartments are to be rented out to subtenants. In a block rental agreement, the parties can agree on waiving certain compulsory conditions, but the blockrental agreement and the waived conditions must be approved by a Swe-dish rent tribunal. Such approval will only be given if the block tenant has a serious need for block rental and the conditions as set out in the lease agreement are acceptable.

Historically, subtenants have had a worse protection in comparison to tenants. The purpose of subletting has never been to provide a permanent living for subtenants. This thesis shows that there has been a possibility for the landlord to use a middleman with the purpose of firstly use a blockrental agreement and secondly negotiate the protected tenancy off the agreement for the tenant. Through a blockrental agreement the landlord can negotiate other amount of rent than the lawful utility value rent. The Landlord can also terminate the blockrental agreement so that the subtenant would be evicted automatically. However, in chapter 7, Article 31 of Land Code have the subtenant a special protection. This regulation is applicable when there is a community of interest between the tenant and the landlord, and that community is exploited to cir-cumvent a mandatory rule which is in favor of a tenant.

For this Svea Court of Appeal, which is the highest instance in this type of cases, has during 2022 announced three cases concerning blockrental agree-ment and The Supreme Court decided in one case of dummy owner relation-ship. This thesis examines whether the legal situation for authorized and unau-thorized letting via middleman has changed after these rulings. Svea Court of Appeal has through these cases established that a blockrental exists primarily when the blocktenant needs to provide housing to a clearly defined group of people within its own operation. Through these cases, the Svea Court of Ap-peal has also established that the blocktenant should be required to have more significant need than a mere rental interest for a reservation in blocklease agreement to be approved. Therefore, the Svea Court of Appeal has indirectly banned blockrental agreements through letting agencies.

The Supreme Court established that the tenant agreement itself can fulfil the community of interest requirement. For this to be valid it is required that the tenant has no plans to take up residence in the apartment, which means that the tenant has no need for the apartment. The conclusion is that these new rulings from Svea Court of Appeal and The Supreme Court have strengthened the protection of subtenants. Letting through letting agencies as tenants is consid-ered according to the law to be contrary to chapter 12 article 1(6) and chapter 7 article 31 of Land Code because, in addition to a mere rental interest, they have no other need for the apartment, and they have no interest in taking up residence in the apartment themselves. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Förhållandet mellan en bostadshyresgäst och en hyresvärd är reglerad i 12 kap. jordabalken. Kapitlet och dess bestämmelser är tvingande till hyresgästers förmån, om inte annat anges i lagen. Reglerna om besittningsskydd, 12 kap. 46 och 57 §§, och reglerna om skälig hyra, 12 kap. 19 § jordabalken utgör centrala skyddsbestämmelser i 12 kap. jordabalken. Vid sidan om de tving-ande reglerna gäller enligt 12 kap. 1 § 6 st jordabalken särskilda regler om så kallad blockuthyrning av bostadslägenheter. Syftet med blockuthyrning är att bostadslägenheterna ska hyras ut till hyresgäster i andra hand. I ett blockhy-resavtal kan parterna avtala om avvikande villkor men blockhyresavtalet och dess avvikande villkor måste godkännas av en hyresnämnd. För... (More)
Förhållandet mellan en bostadshyresgäst och en hyresvärd är reglerad i 12 kap. jordabalken. Kapitlet och dess bestämmelser är tvingande till hyresgästers förmån, om inte annat anges i lagen. Reglerna om besittningsskydd, 12 kap. 46 och 57 §§, och reglerna om skälig hyra, 12 kap. 19 § jordabalken utgör centrala skyddsbestämmelser i 12 kap. jordabalken. Vid sidan om de tving-ande reglerna gäller enligt 12 kap. 1 § 6 st jordabalken särskilda regler om så kallad blockuthyrning av bostadslägenheter. Syftet med blockuthyrning är att bostadslägenheterna ska hyras ut till hyresgäster i andra hand. I ett blockhy-resavtal kan parterna avtala om avvikande villkor men blockhyresavtalet och dess avvikande villkor måste godkännas av en hyresnämnd. För ett godkännande krävs att blockhyresgästen har ett seriöst behov av blockuthyrning och att de avvikande villkoren är godtagbara.

Andrahandshyresgäster har historisk sett alltid haft ett sämre skydd än första-handshyresgäster. Syftet med andrahandsuthyrning har aldrig varit att tillgo-dose ett permanent boende till hyresgäster. Uppsatsen visar att det tidigare har funnits en möjlighet för en fastighetsägare att använda en mellanman för att i första led använda ett blockhyresavtal och i andra led avtala bort besittnings-skyddet för första- och därmed även andrahandshyresgästen. Genom ett blockhyresavtal har fastighetsägaren möjligheten att avtala om annat än den lagenliga bruksvärdeshyran. Fastighetsägaren kan dessutom säga upp block-hyresavtalet, vilket skulle resultera i att andrahandshyresgästen sägs upp per automatik. Andrahandshyresgäster har dock i 7 kap. 31 § jordabalken ett sär-skild skydd mot bulvanuthyrning. Bestämmelsen är tillämplig vid intressegemenskap mellan förstahandshyresgästen och fastighetsägaren, förutsatt att denna intressegemenskap utnyttjas i syfte att kringgå en lagbestämmelse som är till förmån för en hyresgäst.

Till detta kommer att Svea hovrätt, som är sista instans i denna typ av ärenden, år 2022 meddelade tre fall rörande blockhyresavtal och att Högsta domstolen 2022 avgjorde ett fall rörande bulvanuthyrning. I uppsatsen undersöks huruvida rättsläget för tillåten respektive otillåten uthyrning via mellanhänder har förändrats i ljuset av dessa avgöranden. Svea hovrätt har genom fallen fastställt att en blockuthyrning främst föreligger när blockhyresgästen inom den egna verksamheten har behov av att tillhandahålla bostäder till en tydligt avgränsad krets av personer. Svea hovrätt har vidare fastställt vidare att det ska krävas att en förstahandshyresgäst har ett mer betydande behov än enbart ett uthyrningsintresse för att ett förbehåll om blockhyresavtal ska godkännas. Således har hovrätten indirekt förbjudit blockuthyrning genom uthyrningsföretag.

Gällande 7 kap. 31 § jordabalken, har Högsta domstolen fastställt att första-handsupplåtelseavtalet i sig kan uppfylla intressegemenskapsrekvisitet. För detta krävs att förstahandshyresgästen inte planerar att bosatta sig i lägenheten, vilket alltså indikerar att denne inte har ett eget behov av lägenheten. Slutsat-sen är att avgörandena har förändrat rättsläget på så sätt att andrahandshyres-gäster har fått ett förstärkt skydd i hyresförhållanden. Förutsättningar för att godkänna ett hyresupplägg där uthyrningsbolag utgör förstahandshyresgäster föreligger inte enligt 12 kap. 1 § 6 st. jordabalken och 7 kap. 31 § jordabalken eftersom uthyrningsbolagen inte har ett eget behov av bostaden och de har inte avsikten att själva bosätta sig i lägenheten. (Less)
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author
Mohajeri Falah, Arman LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
The subtenant's position in change
course
JURM02 20231
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
boenderätt, civilrätt, fastighetsrätt, avtalsrätt
language
Swedish
id
9115681
date added to LUP
2023-06-12 13:50:43
date last changed
2023-06-12 13:50:43
@misc{9115681,
  abstract     = {{The relationship between a residential tenant and a landlord is regulated in Chapter 12 of the Swedish Land Code. These regulations are compulsory for the benefit of tenants unless the law states otherwise. The rules of protected tenancy, Chapter 12, Article 46 and 57, and the rule of reasonable rent, Chap-ter 12, Article 19, are two crucial protective regulations in Chapter 12 of the Swedish Land code. In addition to the mandatory rules there is according to Chapter 12, Article 1(6) a special rule on so-called blockrental (Sw: blockhy-ra) of residential apartments. The purpose of blockrental is that the residential apartments are to be rented out to subtenants. In a block rental agreement, the parties can agree on waiving certain compulsory conditions, but the blockrental agreement and the waived conditions must be approved by a Swe-dish rent tribunal. Such approval will only be given if the block tenant has a serious need for block rental and the conditions as set out in the lease agreement are acceptable.

Historically, subtenants have had a worse protection in comparison to tenants. The purpose of subletting has never been to provide a permanent living for subtenants. This thesis shows that there has been a possibility for the landlord to use a middleman with the purpose of firstly use a blockrental agreement and secondly negotiate the protected tenancy off the agreement for the tenant. Through a blockrental agreement the landlord can negotiate other amount of rent than the lawful utility value rent. The Landlord can also terminate the blockrental agreement so that the subtenant would be evicted automatically. However, in chapter 7, Article 31 of Land Code have the subtenant a special protection. This regulation is applicable when there is a community of interest between the tenant and the landlord, and that community is exploited to cir-cumvent a mandatory rule which is in favor of a tenant.

For this Svea Court of Appeal, which is the highest instance in this type of cases, has during 2022 announced three cases concerning blockrental agree-ment and The Supreme Court decided in one case of dummy owner relation-ship. This thesis examines whether the legal situation for authorized and unau-thorized letting via middleman has changed after these rulings. Svea Court of Appeal has through these cases established that a blockrental exists primarily when the blocktenant needs to provide housing to a clearly defined group of people within its own operation. Through these cases, the Svea Court of Ap-peal has also established that the blocktenant should be required to have more significant need than a mere rental interest for a reservation in blocklease agreement to be approved. Therefore, the Svea Court of Appeal has indirectly banned blockrental agreements through letting agencies.

The Supreme Court established that the tenant agreement itself can fulfil the community of interest requirement. For this to be valid it is required that the tenant has no plans to take up residence in the apartment, which means that the tenant has no need for the apartment. The conclusion is that these new rulings from Svea Court of Appeal and The Supreme Court have strengthened the protection of subtenants. Letting through letting agencies as tenants is consid-ered according to the law to be contrary to chapter 12 article 1(6) and chapter 7 article 31 of Land Code because, in addition to a mere rental interest, they have no other need for the apartment, and they have no interest in taking up residence in the apartment themselves.}},
  author       = {{Mohajeri Falah, Arman}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Andrahandshyresgästens ställning i förändring - en undersökning av förändrad praxis på området}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}