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Ett svåröverblickbart skeende – en analys av utformningen av gärningsbeskrivningar i mål om krigsförbrytelser

Wetterberg, Johanna LU (2023) JURM02 20231
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
War crime cases are a relatively new phenomenon in Swedish courts and often serve as a typical example of what can be considered major criminal cases. Often the proceedings are preceded by lengthy preliminary investigations due to crimes being complicated and hard to investigate, resulting in significant amounts of trial material. Consequently, these cases tie up the resources of the judiciary and the parties involved for a long time.

Given that the increase in large criminal cases places new requirements on the court's proceedings, amendments have been made to the Code of Judicial Procedure (sv: rättegångsbalken) to achieve greater efficiency and legal certainty in the trial procedure. In 2022, an explicit regulation of the court's... (More)
War crime cases are a relatively new phenomenon in Swedish courts and often serve as a typical example of what can be considered major criminal cases. Often the proceedings are preceded by lengthy preliminary investigations due to crimes being complicated and hard to investigate, resulting in significant amounts of trial material. Consequently, these cases tie up the resources of the judiciary and the parties involved for a long time.

Given that the increase in large criminal cases places new requirements on the court's proceedings, amendments have been made to the Code of Judicial Procedure (sv: rättegångsbalken) to achieve greater efficiency and legal certainty in the trial procedure. In 2022, an explicit regulation of the court's responsibility for the conduct of the proceedings during preparatory proceedings was introduced, requiring that the court at an early stage of the process clarifies the prosecutor's statement of the criminal act.

The purpose of this paper is to examine and discuss whether the criminal procedural rules concerning the formulation of the statement of the criminal act as charged are structured and applied to meet the new challenges posed by the handling of major criminal cases. The study is based on war crime cases.

The case study shows that there are deficiencies in the statements of the criminal acts in war crime cases. This is partly due to the fact that the sequence of events is presented at a general level and consists of the actions of several different perpetrators. The statements of the criminal acts do not refer to a specific number of individual acts that are concretized or specified in more detail in time and space. The clarity of the descriptions of the acts is affected by the nature and structure of the overall sequence of events and the degree of precision in the given indications of time and place.

Herbert L. Packer’s Crime Control Model and Due Process Model are used to analyse whether the measures that the court may take if the statement of the criminal act is deficient can ensure an effective crime control and a fair procedure. The investigation suggests that direction of proceedings is an appropriate measure, especially if conducted during preparatory proceedings. Furthermore, the investigation proposes a provision in the Code of Judical Procedure whereby the court can order the prosecutor to supplement the statement of the criminal act if there are deficiencies in the statement of the criminal act. It is also proposed to introduce a new provision in the Code of Judical Procedure whereby the court may dismiss an action if the order to supplement does not result in an acceptable statement of the criminal act. This is expected to contribute to a criminal procedural framework that can better ensure an effective crime control and a fair procedure. Lastly, the investigation raises the need for further research concerning the formulation of statements of the criminal act in other types of cases, as this can provide a basis for further discussion of how the rules on statements of the criminal act should be formulated and applied. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Mål om krigsförbrytelser är en relativt ny företeelse i svenska domstolar och utgör ofta typexempel på vad som kan betraktas som stora brottmål. Inte sällan föregås handläggningen av långa förundersökningar, till följd av komplex och svårutredd brottslighet, vilket leder till att processmaterialet blir mycket omfattande. Detta får till följd att dessa mål binder upp rättsväsendets och parternas resurser under lång tid.

Mot bakgrund av att ökningen av stora brottmål ställer nya krav på domstolens handläggning har förändringar gjorts i rättegångsbalken i syfte att åstadkomma en ökad effektivitet och rättssäkerhet i processen. Under 2022 infördes en uttrycklig reglering av domstolens processledande ansvar under förberedelsen som innebär... (More)
Mål om krigsförbrytelser är en relativt ny företeelse i svenska domstolar och utgör ofta typexempel på vad som kan betraktas som stora brottmål. Inte sällan föregås handläggningen av långa förundersökningar, till följd av komplex och svårutredd brottslighet, vilket leder till att processmaterialet blir mycket omfattande. Detta får till följd att dessa mål binder upp rättsväsendets och parternas resurser under lång tid.

Mot bakgrund av att ökningen av stora brottmål ställer nya krav på domstolens handläggning har förändringar gjorts i rättegångsbalken i syfte att åstadkomma en ökad effektivitet och rättssäkerhet i processen. Under 2022 infördes en uttrycklig reglering av domstolens processledande ansvar under förberedelsen som innebär att rätten i ett tidigt skede av processen bland annat ska klargöra innebörden av åklagarens gärningsbeskrivning.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka och diskutera huruvida utformningen och tillämpningen av det straffprocessuella regelverket avseende gärningsbeskrivningar kan möta de nya utmaningar som handläggningen av stora brottmål innebär. Studien görs med utgångspunkt i mål om krigsförbrytelser.

Fallstudien visar att det i praktiken förekommer bristande konkretion och precision i gärningsbeskrivningar i mål om krigsförbrytelser. Det sammanhänger bland annat med att händelseförloppen i dessa gärningsbeskrivningar konstitueras av flera gärningspersoners agerande och beskrivs på ett övergripande plan. Gärningsbeskrivningarna avser således inte ett bestämt antal enskilda gärningar som konkretiseras eller preciseras närmare i tid och rum. Tydligheten i gärningsbeskrivningarna påverkas av händelseförloppets karaktär och struktur samt graden av precision i de tids- och platsangivelser som anges.

Herbert L. Packers brottsbekämpningsmodell och rättssäkerhetsmodell används för att analysera huruvida de åtgärder som domstolen kan vidta om en gärningsbeskrivning är bristfällig kan tillgodose en effektiv brottsbekämpning och ett rättvist förfarande. Undersökningen visar att materiell processledning, särskilt om den bedrivs under förberedelsen, är en ändamålsenlig åtgärd. Vidare mynnar utredningen ut i ett förslag om att införa en reglering i rättegångsbalken som innebär att rätten kan förelägga åklagaren att komplettera yrkanden och grunder om det föreligger brister i gärningsbeskrivningen. Det föreslås även införande av en ny bestämmelse i rättegångsbalken som innebär att rätten kan avvisa åtalet om ett sådant föreläggande inte resulterar i att gärningsbeskrivningen blir tillräckligt konkretiserad och preciserad för att kunna godtas. Detta bedöms kunna bidra till ett straffprocessuellt regelverk som bättre kan tillgodose en effektiv brottsbekämpning och ett rättvist förfarande. Slutligen efterlyses studier av gärningsbeskrivningars utformning i andra måltyper, då det kan utgöra underlag för en fortsatt diskussion om hur regelverket som rör gärningsbeskrivningar bör utformas och tillämpas. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Wetterberg, Johanna LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
A complex course of events - an analysis of the statement of criminal acts in war crimes
course
JURM02 20231
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
straffrätt
language
Swedish
id
9115755
date added to LUP
2023-06-08 12:09:39
date last changed
2023-06-08 12:09:39
@misc{9115755,
  abstract     = {{War crime cases are a relatively new phenomenon in Swedish courts and often serve as a typical example of what can be considered major criminal cases. Often the proceedings are preceded by lengthy preliminary investigations due to crimes being complicated and hard to investigate, resulting in significant amounts of trial material. Consequently, these cases tie up the resources of the judiciary and the parties involved for a long time.

Given that the increase in large criminal cases places new requirements on the court's proceedings, amendments have been made to the Code of Judicial Procedure (sv: rättegångsbalken) to achieve greater efficiency and legal certainty in the trial procedure. In 2022, an explicit regulation of the court's responsibility for the conduct of the proceedings during preparatory proceedings was introduced, requiring that the court at an early stage of the process clarifies the prosecutor's statement of the criminal act.

The purpose of this paper is to examine and discuss whether the criminal procedural rules concerning the formulation of the statement of the criminal act as charged are structured and applied to meet the new challenges posed by the handling of major criminal cases. The study is based on war crime cases.

The case study shows that there are deficiencies in the statements of the criminal acts in war crime cases. This is partly due to the fact that the sequence of events is presented at a general level and consists of the actions of several different perpetrators. The statements of the criminal acts do not refer to a specific number of individual acts that are concretized or specified in more detail in time and space. The clarity of the descriptions of the acts is affected by the nature and structure of the overall sequence of events and the degree of precision in the given indications of time and place.

Herbert L. Packer’s Crime Control Model and Due Process Model are used to analyse whether the measures that the court may take if the statement of the criminal act is deficient can ensure an effective crime control and a fair procedure. The investigation suggests that direction of proceedings is an appropriate measure, especially if conducted during preparatory proceedings. Furthermore, the investigation proposes a provision in the Code of Judical Procedure whereby the court can order the prosecutor to supplement the statement of the criminal act if there are deficiencies in the statement of the criminal act. It is also proposed to introduce a new provision in the Code of Judical Procedure whereby the court may dismiss an action if the order to supplement does not result in an acceptable statement of the criminal act. This is expected to contribute to a criminal procedural framework that can better ensure an effective crime control and a fair procedure. Lastly, the investigation raises the need for further research concerning the formulation of statements of the criminal act in other types of cases, as this can provide a basis for further discussion of how the rules on statements of the criminal act should be formulated and applied.}},
  author       = {{Wetterberg, Johanna}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Ett svåröverblickbart skeende – en analys av utformningen av gärningsbeskrivningar i mål om krigsförbrytelser}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}